Red Fuji Research Articles

A smartphone-based apple yield estimation application using imaging features and the ANN method in mature period

Apple yield estimation using a smartphone with image processing technology offers advantages such as low cost, quick access and simple operation. This article proposes distribution framework consisting of the acquisition of fruit tree images, yield prediction in smarphone client, data processing and model calculation in server client for estimating the potential fruit yield. An image processing method was designed including the core steps of image segmentation with R/B value combined with V value and circle-fitting using curvature analysis. This method enabled four parameters to be obtained, namely, total identified pixel area (TP), fitting circle amount (FC), average radius of the fitting circle (RC) and small polygon pixel area (SP). A individual tree yield estimation model on an ANN (Artificial Neural Network) was developed with three layers, four input parameters, 14 hidden neurons, and one output parameter. The system was used on an experimental Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Red Fuji) orchard. Twenty-six tree samples were selected from a total of 80 trees according to the multiples of the number three for the establishment model, whereby 21 groups of data were trained and 5 groups o data were validated. The R2 value for the training datasets was 0.996 and the relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) value 0.063. The RRMSE value for the validation dataset was 0.284 Furthermore, a yield map with 80 apple trees was generated, and the space distribution o the yield was identified. It provided appreciable decision support for site-specific management.

Cloning and expression analysis of alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) gene from apple (Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Red Fuji’)

Cloning and expression analysis of alcohol acyltransferase (<i>AAT</i>) gene from apple (<i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh. ‘Red Fuji’)

Changes in C and N fractions with composted manure plus chemical fertilizers applied in apple orchard soil: an in‐situ field incubation study on the Loess Plateau, China

AbstractWe investigated the effects of compost (CM), made from poultry and cattle manure with spent mushroom substrate, plus chemical fertilizers (CFs) on soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions in silty loam soil of the Loess Plateau. Eight fertilizer practices were applied in a 7‐year‐old ‘Red Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard for 360 days. Compared to CM alone, CM–CFs decreased slightly soil total organic C but increased total N by 4.3–11.6%. Notably, CM–CFs increased soil microbial biomass C (MBC) by 2.7–26.5% and microbial biomass N (MBN) by 7–13.7%. Soil water‐soluble carbon (WSC) was increased by 20.7% and 19.2% when 2% CM plus N and phosphorus (P) (2%M–NP) and 4% CM plus N and P (4%M–NP) were applied, respectively. Whereas 0.5% CM plus N and P (0.5%M–NP) increased WSC by 9.3% on day 30 but decreased it by 7.2% from 30–360 days. Hot water‐soluble C increased by 13.1–14.6% from 0–180 day, but thereafter, the effect disappeared. Compared to CFs, CM–CFs increased MBN by 35.1–115.6%, and increased alkali‐hydrolyzable‐N by 3.5–55.8% over 180–360 days of incubation. Additionally, CM–CFs promoted N mineralization, increasing NH4‐N and NO3‐N contents. Based on the changes in C and N fractions and available nutrients, 2%M–NP (45 t/ha of CM plus 450 kg/ha of N and 157.5 kg/ha of P) may be the optimal fertilizer strategy for stimulating soil microbial growth and activity, and enhancing nutrient cycling for apple growth.

Effects of Pichia guilliermondii and Hot Air Treatment on the Postharvest Preservation of Red Fuji Apple Quality Attributes

The effects of individual and combined Pichia guilliermondii (at 1 × 108 CFU mL-1) and hot air (at 38°C for 96 h) treatments on the three major postharvest diseases Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, as well as the quality and antioxidant content of Red Fuji ( Malus pumila var. domestica) apple fruit, were investigated in this work. Results suggested that the combined hot air and antagonistic yeast ( P. guilliermondii) treatment effectively and completely inhibited the infection of apple fruit wounds by the three major postharvest diseases. Furthermore, apple fruit treated with antagonistic yeast or heat alone maintained better quality, which included mass loss, firmness, solid/acid ratio, and ascorbic acid content, than the control. The combination of the two treatments yielded the optimum apple quality. Moreover, the combined hot air and P. guilliermondii treatment also maintained or enhanced the antioxidative enzyme activities and total phenolic content of apple fruit. All results demonstrated that the combined antagonistic yeast and hot air treatment maintained the postharvest freshness of apple fruit.

Relatively high acidity is an important breeding objective for fresh juice-specific apple cultivars

Abstract Minimally processed fresh apple juice is a popular processed food product as it preserves the fruit’s flavor and nutrients. To better understand the genetics of traits related to the quality of freshly squeezed apple juice (FS) in apple cultivars, we phenotyped hybrids derived from five biparental crosses of Malus asiatica ‘Zisai Pearl’, and M. domestica ‘Red Fuji’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Jonathan’ for a total of individuals 2575 in the year 2015 and 2023 in the year 2016. We also studied the inheritance of these traits with a quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis. Our results indicate that fruit juice yield, total soluble solid content (TSSC), pH value, light transmittance (TRA), and color traits (CIE coordinates, L*, a*, and b*) segregated quantitatively. We measured the average broad sense heritability and coefficient of variance to be 32.1–68.9% and 8.11–132.22%, respectively. Results from an untrained sensory evaluation panel indicated that FS with sour-sweet flavor, golden yellow color, moderate clarity and green apple aroma were most preferred. The overall sensory scores were closely related to TSSC, titratable acids (TA) and L* value. FS acidity (TA or pH) correlated with all physiochemical parameters except for polyphenol contents. We detected thirteen QTLs for juice yield, pH, TRA and b*, while QTLs for pH value co-localized with TRA and b* on linkage group 16 of both ‘Zisai Pearl’ and ‘Red Fuji’. In summary, juice acidity, affecting juice flavor, color, clarity and the overall sensory scores, is an important breeding objective for FS specific apple cultivars.

MdPIN1b encodes a putative auxin efflux carrier and has different expression patterns in BC and M9 apple rootstocks.

Lower promoter activity is closely associated with lower MdPIN1b expression in the M9 interstem, which might contribute to the dwarfing effect in apple trees. Apple trees grafted onto dwarfing rootstock Malling 9 (M9) produce dwarfing tree architecture with high yield and widely applying in production. Previously, we have reported that in Malus 'Red Fuji' (RF) trees growing on M9 interstem and Baleng Crab (BC) rootstock, IAA content was relatively higher in bark tissue of M9 interstem than that in scion or rootstock. As IAA polar transportation largely depends on the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carrier. Herein, we identify two putative auxin efflux carrier genes in Malus genus, MdPIN1a and MdPIN1b, which were closely related to the AtPIN1. We found that MdPIN1b was expressed preferentially in BC and M9, and the expression of MdPIN1b was significantly lower in the phloem of M9 interstem than that in the scion and rootstock. The distinct expression of MdPIN1b and IAA content were concentrated in the cambium and adjacent xylem or phloem, and MdPIN1b protein was localized on cell plasma membrane in onion epidermal cells transiently expressing 35S:MdPIN1b-GFP fusion protein. Interestingly, an MdPIN1b mutant allele in the promoter region upstream of M9 exhibited decreased MdPIN1b expression compared to BC. MdPIN1b over-expressing interstem in tobacco exhibited increased polar auxin transport. It is proposed that natural allelic differences decreased promoter activity is closely associated with lower MdPIN1b expression in the M9 interstem, which might limit the basipetal transport of auxin, and in turn might contribute to the dwarfing effect. Taken together, these results reveal allelic variation underlying an important apple rootstock trait, and specifically a novel molecular genetic mechanism underlying dwarfing mechanism.

新型高效缓释肥料绿丰“大力丸”对洛川红富士苹果果实质量的效果

新型高效缓释肥料绿丰“大力丸”对洛川红富士苹果果实质量的效果

Ectopically expressing MdPIP1;3, an aquaporin gene, increased fruit size and enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic tomatoes

BackgroundWater deficit severely reduces apple growth and production, is detrimental to fruit quality and size. This problem is exacerbated as global warming is implicated in producing more severe drought stress. Thus water-efficiency has becomes the major target for apple breeding. A desired apple tree can absorb and transport water efficiently, which not only confers improved drought tolerance, but also guarantees fruit size for higher income returns. Aquaporins, as water channels, control water transportation across membranes and can regulate water flow by changing their amount and activity. The exploration of molecular mechanism of water efficiency and the gene wealth will pave a way for molecular breeding of drought tolerant apple tree.ResultsIn the current study, we screened out a drought inducible aquaporin gene MdPIP1;3, which specifically enhanced its expression during fruit expansion in ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Red Fuji). It localized on plasma membranes and belonged to PIP1 subfamily. The tolerance to drought stress enhanced in transgenic tomato plants ectopically expressing MdPIP1;3, showing that the rate of losing water in isolated transgenic leaves was slower than wild type, and stomata of transgenic plants closed sensitively to respond to drought compared with wild type. Besides, length and diameter of transgenic tomato fruits increased faster than wild type, and in final, fruit sizes and fresh weights of transgenic tomatoes were bigger than wild type. Specially, in cell levels, fruit cell size from transgenic tomatoes was larger than wild type, showing that cell number per mm2 in transgenic fruits was less than wild type.ConclusionsAltogether, ectopically expressing MdPIP1;3 enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic tomatoes partially via reduced water loss controlled by stomata closure in leaves. In addition, the transgenic tomato fruits are larger and heavier with larger cells via more efficient water transportation across membranes. Our research will contribute to apple production, by engineering apples with big fruits via efficient water transportation when well watered and enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic apples under water deficit.

Effect of thyme oil–alginate‐based coating on quality and microbial safety of fresh‐cut apples

Food preservation is critical for keeping fresh-cut products fresh, nutritious, safe, attractive and available for consumers. To improve the safety and quality of fresh-cut fruits, 15 essential oils (EOs) were screened to test the antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes (LM), Salmonella typhimurium (ST), Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC O157:H7). The effect of alginate-based edible coating (EC) incorporating different concentrations thyme oil on fresh-cut 'Red Fuji' apples was investigated. Results showed that thyme oil, cinnamon oil and oregano oil were more effective in inhibiting the microbes than other EOs. The result showed that the combined usage of 0.5 µL mL-1 thyme oil incorporated with alginate-based EC could significantly inhibit the microbial growth, respiration, weight loss, firmness and browning of fresh-cut 'Red Fuji' apples. The edible coating and natural additives like thyme oil could be used to preserve the quality of fresh-cut fruits. It revealed that EC incorporated with 0.5 µL mL-1 thyme oil can be a safe preservative for fresh-cut apples. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Physicochemical, Antioxidant, In Vitro Release, and Heat Sealing Properties of Fish Gelatin Films Incorporated with β-Cyclodextrin/Curcumin Complexes for Apple Juice Preservation

The antioxidant activity of gelatin film is poor. Curcumin is a natural antioxidant, but its main disadvantage is low aqueous solubility. In this study, curcumin was encapsulated by β-cyclodextrin to prepare βCD/CUR complex. Gelatin films incorporated with βCD/CUR complexes (GL-βCD-CUR films) were fabricated. The effects of curcumin content on their properties were investigated. Results showed that the water solubility of curcumin was improved in βCD/CUR complex. The βCD/CUR complex containing 2.5 mg curcumin had smaller size and more homogeneous distribution. The thicknesses of all films were about 87 μm and there were no significant differences (p > 0.05). The optimal tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB) of GL-βCD-CUR films were observed at the curcumin content of 2.5 mg. With the increase of curcumin concentration, water vapor permeability (WVP) of gelatin-based films decreased from 2.88 to 2.38 × 10−10 g m−1 Pa−1 s−1 and water content (WC) decreased from 34.64 to 24.72%, but water solubility (WS) increased from 21.22 to 59.75%. GL-βCD-CUR films exhibited lower light transmission in UV light compared with GL-βCD film. SEM provided that there was a good compatibility between gelatin molecules and βCD/CUR complexes. FTIR proved that no functional groups appeared or disappeared. A significant increase in antioxidant activity and the stability of this activity along with a lower release rate of curcumin in food simulant were observed in gelatin films incorporated with βCD/CUR complexes. The heat sealing property of GL-βCD-CUR films containing 1 or 2.5 mg curcumin was better than that of film containing 5 mg curcumin. The L values of red Fuji (Malus pumila mill) apple juice packed by GL-βCD-CUR films reduced slowly. The slowest decline in total polyphenol content was found in GL-βCD-2.5CUR group. Our results indicated that the incorporation of βCD/CUR complex significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity of gelatin film, and the GL-βCD-CUR film can be used in apple juice preservation.

Comparison of biochemical properties and thermal inactivation of membrane‐bound polyphenol oxidase from three apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh)

SummaryA comparative study of the properties of membrane‐bound polyphenol oxidase (mPPO) from three apple cultivars, namely Red Fuji (FJ), Granny Smith (GS) and Golden Delicious (GD), was carried out for the first time. Data indicate that mPPOs from three cultivars exhibit significantly different properties. GS mPPO had the strongest affinity to catechol, but FJ mPPO had the highest maximum velocity. Red Fuji (FJ) mPPO had the significantly higher activity than those of GD and GS mPPOs. Red Fuji (FJ) mPPO had the highest activity at pH 8.00, while GD and GS mPPOs at 4.50 and 7.50–8.00, respectively. Red Fuji (FJ) mPPO was more stable than GD and GS mPPOs over the pH range of 5.0–8.5. The optimal temperature for GS mPPO was within 70–75 °C, which is higher than those for mPPOs from FJ and GD. Thermal inactivation of the three mPPOs followed a first‐order kinetic model with different inactivation kinetic parameters.

Total Phenolics, Tannins and Antioxidant Activity in Twenty Different Apple Cultivars Growing in West Himalaya, India

The present study evaluated phenolics and antioxidant activities in fully ripened fruits of 20 different apple cultivars e.g., Royal Delicious, Fanny, Gale Gala, Esopus Spitzenburg, King David, Winter Banana, Buckinghum, Super Chief, Breven, Red Fuji, Organ Spur, Tompking County, Red Gold, Golden Spur, Vance Delicious, Red Delicious, Macintosh, Rymer, Bhura Delicious, and Richa Red growing at different locations/elevations of Uttarakhand, West Himalaya, India. Total phenolics and tannins varied significantly among cultivars and the maximum content was recorded in Bhura Delicious (phenolics—3.77 mg GAE/g fw; tannins—16.47 mg TAE/g fw) as compared to others. Antioxidant activity using different in vitro assays showed highest activity in Bhura Delicious and lowest in Esopus Spitzenburg. A significant (p < 0.001) positive relationship was found between total phenolics and ABTS (r = 0.816), FRAP (r = 0.797) and DPPH (r = 0.862) assays. Phenolics and antioxidant activity exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher content in the peel as compared to whole fruit and flesh portion. Based on the results, it is concluded that Bhura Delicious is one of the promising sources of phenolics and antioxidant activity and, therefore, recommended for large scale plantation to harness its potential.

Effect of composted manure plus chemical fertilizer application on aridity response and productivity of apple trees on the loess plateau, China

ABSTRACTSoil degradation and aridity due to long-term unbalanced fertilization and scarce precipitation limit the productivity of apple trees in the Loess Plateau of China. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of composted manure (CM) plus chemical fertilizer (CF) applications on the aridity response and yield of apple trees. Five treatments [CF (C), CF plus 5/10 kg CM I per tree (CM1-L/H), and CF plus 5/10 kg CM II per tree (CM2-L/H)] were applied in a 10-year-old Red Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard over a 4-year study period. The application of CM plus CF increased soil organic carbon, decreased soil bulk density, and optimized porosity. Low (5 kg per tree; CML) and high (10 kg per tree; CMH) CM application rates respectively increased soil water storage in the 20–60 cm layer by 1.4% and 4.8%, increased available soil water content in the 0–100 cm soil layer by 4.1%–44.8% and 10.4%–60.2%, elevated the water content of apple leaves (w%) by 1.3% and 3.7%, improved leaf potential by 15.9% and 30.0%, and decreased proline content by 16.1% and 28.5%. Thus, CM application decreased damage due to aridity and enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of apple trees, ultimately elevating apple yield by 8.8% and 13.3% under CML and CMH. The application of CM plus CF is an effective fertilization strategy for mitigating aridity stress and improving apple yield in the Loess Plateau.

Dwarfing Effect of Apple Rootstocks Is Intimately Associated with Low Number of Fine Roots

Fine root (≤2 mm in diameter) systems play a pivotal role in water and mineral uptake in higher plants. However, the impact of fine root architecture on tree growth and development is not fully understood, especially in apple trees. Here, we summarize a 6-year-trial study using minirhizotrons to investigate the relationships between fine root production, mortality, and longevity in ‘Red Fuji’ trees grafted on five different rootstocks/interstems. Based on root length density (RLD), fine root production and mortality were markedly lower in ‘Red Fuji’ trees growing on dwarfing M.9 (M.9) and Shao series no. 40 (SH.40) rootstocks than in trees on standard Malus robusta ‘Baleng Crab’ (BC) rootstock. The use of M.9 and SH.40 as interstems led to an extensive reduction in fine root production and mortality in comparison with BC rootstock. Root number density (RND), but not average root length (ARL), showed similar patterns to RLD. About one-half of fine roots in ‘Red Fuji’ tree growing on M.9 were scattered within the top 0–20 cm of topsoil, indicating shallow root system in M.9, whereas in trees on BC, 55.15% of fine roots were distributed between 100- and 150-cm soil depth, indicating a deep root architecture. The addition of interstems did not alter fine root soil-depth distribution. For all rootstocks/interstems, fine roots with a life span of less than 80 days were generated in spring and summer, but fine roots which lived for more than 81 days were produced almost all the year round. In conclusion, lower fine root numbers were associated with the dwarfing effect in dwarfing rootstocks/interstems, but ARL and shallower rooting were not.

Surface Gloss Evaluation of Apples Based on Computer Vision and Support Vector Machine Method

This paper investigates computer vision applications for surface gloss evaluation to determine a quick surface gloss evaluation method for apples. “Red Fuji” apples were wax-coated with different concentrations of shellac solutions to obtain the apple samples with different levels of surface gloss. The surface gloss values and the color scales of the apple samples were detected using a pinhole gloss meter and a color meter. The apple sample images were captured and processed, and the color parameters of the high light areas were extracted. Support vector machine (SVM) regression and classification models were built to predict the surface gloss values and the surface gloss levels of apples, respectively. The results showed that to predict the surface gloss of apple samples, the correlation coefficients of the SVM regression model were 0.94 and 0.90 for the training and the testing groups, respectively. The classification accuracy rates of the SVM classification model for the training and the testing groups were 100 and 96.7%, respectively. Finally, apple surface gloss level classification software was developed, which showed good operating results for both classification accuracy rates and calculation speed. This paper provided a new surface gloss evaluation method based on computer vision for apples.

Effect of bagging and time of harvest on fruit quality of 'Red Fuji' apple in high altitude area in China

Effect of bagging and time of harvest on fruit quality of 'Red Fuji' apple in high altitude area in China

Evaluation of apple cultivars under sub-temperate mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh

The evaluation of 15 apple cultivars was carried out at Progeny cum Demonstration Orchard, Kwagdhar, district Sirmaur, under sub-temperate region of Himachal Pradesh during 2010 and 2011. The maximum tree height (3.29 cm), tree spread (1.82 m) were recorded in ‘Fuji Kiku’, whereas, tree volume (8.34 m3), scion girth (30.25 cm), annual shoot growth (39.97 cm) and leaf area (38.77 cm2) in ‘Gala Mischala’. The highest fruit set, yield and productivity were recorded (69.07%, 9.68 kg/tree and 24.21 t/ha, respectively) in ‘Oregon Spur-II’. The bigger size fruits in terms of length (59.67 cm), breadth (67.12 cm), and ascorbic acid content (56.37 mg/100 g) were found in ‘Red Chief’, while, maximum fruit weight (155.6 g) was observed in Silver Spur. The highest TSS (15.95%) was recorded in ‘Gale Gala’, whereas, more acidic (0.90%) fruits were found in ‘Breaburn’. The maximum total sugars (11.94%) were found in ‘Sansa’ and highest reducing sugars (6.56%) were found in Oregon Spur II. The best fruit shape and surface colour was observed in ‘Super Chief” and ‘Camspur’. The longer duration of flowering (16 days) were recorded in cultivar Sun Fuji and Silver Spur. The cultivar ‘Super Chief’ registered maximum spur density (10.80/cm2), and lowest fruit drop (18.09%), whereas, ‘Fuji Kiku’ and ‘Gale Gala’ recorded the least spur density (2.56 and 3.19/cm2, respectively). The cultivar Pink Lady was earliest to flower whereas; ‘Red Fuji’ was last to harvest. From the present investigations it may be concluded that ‘Red Chief’, ‘Super Chief’, ‘Oregon Spur II’ and ‘Camspur’ in Delicious group, ‘Gala Mischala’ in Gala group, and ‘Auvil Early Fuji’ and ‘Sun Fuji’ in Fuji group have good yield potential, earliness and better fruit quality within their respective groups and may be recommended for cultivation in sub-temperate conditions of Himachal Pradesh.

Tree architecture influenced productivity and quality attributes in apple under HDP

The present experiment was conducted to develop efficient tree architecture in apple under high densityplanting systems. In this trial vertical axis tree and cordon tree architecture were validated first time in Indiaviewing the success in horticultural advanced countries. Maximum annual extension growth (102.34 cm), trunkcross sectional area (23.66 cm2), the highest yield per tree (10.92 kg), yield per hectare (84.63 t/ha) and yield efficiency (0.45 kg/cm2) were recorded in cultivar Coe Red Fuji under vertical axis tree architecture. Maximum fruitweight was observed in cultivar Coe Red Fuji under cordon tree architecture (167.14 h). The red colour intensitywas recorded maximum (a*) (20.16) in cultivar Coe Red Fuji under vertical axis tree architecture, while, maximum yellow colour intensity (b*) (28.44) were found in Granny Smith fruits under same architecture. Cultivar Coe RedFuji has excelled on the overall vegetative growth, yield and quality attributes under HDP in vertical axis system.

Effect of planting densities on productivity of different cultivars in apple (Malus × domestica)

Relationship between crop density and yield efficiency was studied to assess the influence of fruit number on yield of cultivars under different planting densities in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh). Under 4.0 × 4.0 m spacing, crop density ranged between 0.38 in cv Red Fuji to 2.11 in American Apirogue with an average of 1.20 and under 2.5 × 2.5 m spacing, crop density ranged from 0.44 in cv Red Fuji to 1.69 in Vance Delicious with an average of 1.22. Maximum fruit weight (197 g) was observed in cv Red Delicious and minimum fruit weight (120 g) was observed in American Apirogue under 4.0 × 4.0 m. Yield efficiency under 4.0 × 4.0 m spacing ranged from 0.06 kg/cm2 for Red Fuji to 0.31 kg/cm2 for Red Delicious with an average of 0.19 kg/cm2. Maximum yield efficiency (0.28 kg/cm2) was observed in cv Mollies Delicious and Vance Delicious but minimum (0.07 kg/cm2) in Red Fuji under 2.5 × 2.5 m spacing. Thus crop load influences both fruit size and yield efficiency of apple varieties differently under two densities.

Construction of a Genetic Linkage Map and QTL Analysis of Fruit-related Traits in an F1 Red Fuji x Hongrou Apple Hybrid

AbstractA genetic linkage map of the apple, composed of 175 SSR and 105 SRAP markers, has been constructed using 110 F1 individuals obtained from a cross between the ‘Red Fuji’ Malus domestica and ‘Hongrou’ Malus sieversii cultivars, which have relatively high levels of DNA marker polymorphism and differ remarkably in fruit-related traits. The linkage map comprised 17 linkage groups, covering 1299.67 cM with an average marker distance of 4.6 cM between adjacent markers, or approximately 91% of Malus genome. Linkage groups were well populated and, although marker density ranged from 2.1 to 9.5 cM, just 10 gaps of more than 15 cM were observed. Moreover, just 12.5% of markers displayed segregation distortion. The present genetic linkage map was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting fruit-related traits. 23 QTLs for ten fruit traits were detected by multiple interval mapping: 3 QTLs for Vc content, One QTL for single fruit weight, 2 QTLs for peel-phenols content, 2 QTLs for flesh-hardness, 2 QTLs for diameter, 6 QTLs for acid content, 1 QTL for sugar content, 2 QTLs for soluble solids content, 2 QTLs for flesh-phenols and 2 QTLs for brittleness. These QTLs were located on linkage groups C1, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, C9, C10, C14 and C17, respectively. The phenotypic variations exhibited by each QTL ranged from 2% to 72%, and their LOD values varied from 2.03 to 8.93, of which five QTLs were major effect genes (R2 ≥ 10%). The tight linkage markers (*me2em7-460f, *MS01a03-180m, *me1em6-307m, *CH05c06-102f, *me1em8-423f) would be helpful to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of apple domestication and breeding in the future.