Red Fruit Oil Research Articles

ISOLASI FUNGI ENDOFIT KULIT BUAH MERAH (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI SECARA METODE KLT - BIOAUTOGRAFI

Red fruit ( Pandanus conoideus Lam.) belongs to genus Pandanus. Red fruit oil has the activity as an antibacterial. The research aimed to obtain endophytic fungi isolates on the red fruit peel and assay the antibacterial activity by TLC-Bioautography. The research was experimentally conducted including the process of isolation of endophytic fungi, purification, macroscopic examination, screening for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi , fermentation for 7, 14 and 21 days, separation and antibacterial assay by TLC-Bioautography against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi , the isolate fermentate of endophytic fungi for 7 days showed an Rf value of 0.49 against Staphylococcus aureus and an 0.47 against Salmonella typhi . The isolate fermentate of endophytic fungi for 14 days showed an Rf value of 0.58 against Staphylococcus aureus and an 0.69 against Salmonella typhi . The isolate fermentate of endophytic fungi for 21 days showed an Rf value of 0.69 against Staphylococcus aureus and an 0.67 against Salmonella typhi . In conclusion, red fruit peel had endophytic fungi isolate with the potency as an antibacterial.

ISOLASI FUNGI ENDOFIT KULIT BUAH MERAH (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI SECARA METODE KLT - BIOAUTOGRAFI

Red fruit ( Pandanus conoideus Lam.) belongs to genus Pandanus. Red fruit oil has the activity as an antibacterial. The research aimed to obtain endophytic fungi isolates on the red fruit peel and assay the antibacterial activity by TLC-Bioautography. The research was experimentally conducted including the process of isolation of endophytic fungi, purification, macroscopic examination, screening for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi , fermentation for 7, 14 and 21 days, separation and antibacterial assay by TLC-Bioautography against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi , the isolate fermentate of endophytic fungi for 7 days showed an Rf value of 0.49 against Staphylococcus aureus and an 0.47 against Salmonella typhi . The isolate fermentate of endophytic fungi for 14 days showed an Rf value of 0.58 against Staphylococcus aureus and an 0.69 against Salmonella typhi . The isolate fermentate of endophytic fungi for 21 days showed an Rf value of 0.69 against Staphylococcus aureus and an 0.67 against Salmonella typhi . In conclusion, red fruit peel had endophytic fungi isolate with the potency as an antibacterial.

Konsentrasi dan Motilitas Spermatozoa Ayam Kampung (Gallus domesticus) dalam Pengencer Ringer Laktat Yang Diberi Tambahan Minyak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam)

Red fruit oil is a red fruit extraction product (Pandanus conoideus Lam) containing a lot of antioxidants such as carotenoids, tocopherols as well as unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and decanoic acid which is potential to be used as an additive for semen chicken diluents. This study aims to obtain an information about the effectiveness of adding red fruit oil as a cement diluent derived from male native chickens. The treatment consisted of 0.9 ml ringer laktat + 0.1 ml semen (Pl), ringer laktat 0.98 ml + 0.1 ml semen + 0.02 ml red fruit oil (P2), ringer laktat 0.96 ml + 0.1 ml semen + 0.04 ml red fruit oil (P3), ringer laktat 0.94 ml + 0.1 ml cement + 0.06 ml red fruit oil (P4). The results showed the sperm motility ranged from 48.17 ± 7.86% to 84.67 ± 2.42%. Treatment P1 and P2 have a very significant difference (P <0.01) on motility 0.05). The spermatozoa concentration ranged from 1,600x106 cells / ml to 2,200x106 cells/ml. The spermatozoa concentration of treatment P1 and P2 chickens did not show any significant differences (P> 0.05), nor did among treatments P2, P3 and P4. However, treatment P1 has a significant difference on spermatozoa concentration with P3 and P4. (P <0.05). It can be concluded that the addition of red fruit oil in lactated ringer diluent can be used as an additive for semen diluents because it is able to maintain the concentration. In addition, adding of red fruit oil up to concentrations of more than 2% tend to reduce sperm motility.
 Keywords: Concentration, Motility, Spermatozoa and Red fruit oil

Antioxidant Effects of Red Fruit Oil on MMP-1 Gene Expression and Malondialdehyde Levels on Skin Exposed to UVB Rays

Background: Chronic exposure ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Furthermore, ROS will induce the formation of malondialdehyde and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression. One strategy against the free radicals effects is by consuming antioxidants. This study aims to analyze the antioxidants effect of red fruit oil (RFO) on MMP-1 expression and malondialdehyde levels due to exposure to UVB rays.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. The P0 group was not given treatment, the P1 group was only exposed to UVB light, the P2 group was exposed to UVB light and given 0.5 mL/200 g body weight (BW) of RFO, the P3 group was exposed to UVB light and given 1 mL/200 g BW of RFO, and group P4 exposed to UVB rays and given 2 mL/200 g BW of RFO. Experimental animals would be examined for MMP-1 expression and malondialdehyde level. RFO would be identified with β-carotene and tocopherol content.Results: Beta-carotene and tocopherol were detected in RFO. RFO reduced significantly MMP-1 expression (p<0.05) in P2 group (0.73±1.27), P3 group (0.63±0.95), P4 group (9.56±20.97) compared group P1 (48.07±65.58). However, RFO did not reduce malondialdehyde levels (p>0.05).Conclusion: Our research demonstrates RFO containing tocopherol and β-carotene can reduce the MMP-1 expression, but does not affect malondialdehyde levels due to exposure to UVB rays. An effective dose that can reduce malondialdehyde levels and MMP-1 expression is 1 mL/200 g BW.Keywords: red fruit oil, antioxidant, skin, MMP-1 expression, malondialdehyde, UVB rays, photoaging

Effect of Red Fruit Oil Soap (Pandanus Conoideus Lam.) as Wound Cleansing on Wound Healing and the Number of Bacterial Colonies among Grade II Diabetic Ulcer Patients at Griya Wound Care Clinic Kudus, Indonesia

Background: Diabetic ulcer is an open wound on the skin layer to the dermis due to hyperglycemia and neuropathy. This condition often causes infection and becomes an inhibitor in the wound healing process. Red fruit oil soap can be used as an alternative cleansing to reduce the number of bacterial colonies and accelerate the wound healing process.Aims: This present study aimed to observe the effect of red fruit oil soap in the cleansing process to reduce the number of bacterial colonies and the wound healing process in grade II Diabetic ulcer patientsMethods: This is a quasi-experimental study with the pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design. Wound cleansing in the intervention group used 0.9% NaCl solution and red fruit oil soap with a pH of 5.74, while the wound cleansing in the control group used 0.9% NaCl solution. Bacterial colonies were assessed and the type of bacteria was observed by the swab method. The wound healing was assessed with Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) instrument for 14 days with observations every 3 days. Analysis test used Mann Whitney and Repeated Measure ANOVA.Results: There was no difference in the mean of the number of bacterial colonies between the wounds that were cleansed with 0.9% NaCl solution and red fruit oil soap and the wounds which were cleansed by using 0.9% NaCl solution (p> 0.05). The mean of the number of colonies in the intervention group until the 14th day reduced by 3.14x106 and in the control group was reduced h 1.40x106. There was a significant decrease in the wound healing scores in each group, in each assessment for 14 days.Conclusion: This study found that the wound cleansing using red fruit oil soap and 0.9% NaCl solution could reduce the number of bacterial colonies on the wound surface and accelerate the wound healing process among patients with grade II diabetic ulcer.

Effect of red fruit oil soap (Pandanus conoideus LAM) as wound cleansing on wound healing and the number of bacterial colonies among Grade II Diabetic Ulcer Patients at Griya Qound Care Clinic Kudus, Indonesia

Background: Diabetic ulcer is an open wound on the skin layer to the dermis due to hyperglycemia and neuropathy. This condition often causes infection and becomes an inhibitor in the wound healing process. Red fruit oil soap can be used as an alternative cleansing to reduce the number of bacterial colonies and accelerate the wound healing process. This present study aimed to observe the effect of red fruit oil soap in the cleansing process to reduce the number of bacterial colonies and the wound healing process in grade II Diabetic ulcer patientsMethods: This is a quasi-experimental study with the pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design. Wound cleansing in the intervention group used 0.9% NaCl solution and red fruit oil soap with a pH of 5.74, while the wound cleansing in the control group used 0.9% NaCl solution. Bacterial colonies were assessed and the type of bacteria was observed by the swab method. The wound healing was assessed with Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) instrument for 14 days with observations every 3 days. Analysis test used Mann Whitney and Repeated Measure ANOVA.Results: There was no difference in the mean of the number of bacterial colonies between the wounds that were cleansed with 0.9% NaCl solution and red fruit oil soap and the wounds which were cleansed by using 0.9% NaCl solution (p> 0.05). The mean of the number of colonies in the intervention group until the 14th day reduced by 3.14x106 and in the control group was reduced h 1.40x106. There was a significant decrease in the wound healing scores in each group, in each assessment for 14 days.Conclusion: This study found that the wound cleansing using red fruit oil soap and 0.9% NaCl solution could reduce the number of bacterial colonies on the wound surface and accelerate the wound healing process among patients with grade II diabetic ulcer. Keywords: Red fruit oil soap, Wound cleansing, Wound healing, Diabetic ulcerReceived: 25 August 2018; Reviewed: 4 September 2018; Revised: 24 June 2019; Accepted: 28 June 2019 DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-32542

CD4+ Cell Impacts of Orally Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus) Oil Extract in HIV Patients with Antiretroviral Therapy

Background and Objective: The efficacy of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) oil extract on CD4+ cells was evaluated in HIV infected patients with taking antiretroviral therapy. Materials and Method: Seventy patients with an age of 17-45 years, with confirmed HIV infection with a CD4 count of 200-349 cells/ ?L, were divided into the antiretroviral (ARV) control (n = 35) and the antiretroviral + red fruit capsule (ARV+RFC)-treated (n = 35) groups. In ARV+RFC group, they were given oral RFC (1 g daily for two months). Monitoring evaluations of the laboratory were performed at baseline (0 months) and two months during the study. Results: The result showed that the CD4+ cells count was increased in the patient who took ARV+RFC compared with ARV alone (P<0.05). Conclusion: By these result, it can be concluded that the red fruit oil extract may have an excellent immunomodulatory impact and has potential as an adjuvant in the management of HIV patients

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) oil stimulates nitric oxide production and reduces oxidative stress in endothelial cells

Red fruit oil (RFO) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a number of diseases. However, evidence for the biological effects and action mechanisms is still lacking. In the present study, we show for the first time that RFO stimulated the phosphorylation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and enhanced the NO production in human endothelial cells. In isolated mouse aorta, RFO induced a vasodilation, with a significant effect evident at a concentration as low as 1:100,000 dilution. The RFO-induced vasodilation could be completely prevented by eNOS inhibition, indicating that RFO contains highly potent substances stimulating eNOS activity. In addition, RFO reduced oxidative stress in endothelial cells, as demonstrated with three different methods. In the comet assay, RFO significantly decreased oxidative DNA damage induced by genotoxicants. These results suggest that enhanced endothelial NO production and reduced oxidative stress may represent part of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of RFO.

Effect of Red Fruit Oil on Ovarian Follicles Development in Rat Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam) contains active substances in the form of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and unsaturated fatty acids that can potentially be antioxidants. This study aims to examine the effect of red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus) on the development of ovarian follicles of rat exposed to cigarette smoke, (in increasing the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight). This study used Completely Randomized Design with 20 female rats (3 months old) divided into 4 treatment groups: P0 (Positive control), P1 (negative control of exposure to cigarette smoke for 8 days), P2 (exposure to cigarette smoke for 8 days + 0.1 ml red fruit oil) and P3 (exposure of cigarette smoke for 8 days + 0.2 ml red fruit oil) with 5 time repetition and 28 days red fruit treatment for the research parameters were the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence level (P &lt; 0.05). The results showed that the administration of red fruit oil at doses of 0.1 ml and 0.2 ml was not significantly affecting (P &gt; 0.05) the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight, so it can be conclusion that the administration of red fruit oil at a dose of 0.1 ml and 0.2 ml cannot increase the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight in rat exposed to cigarette smoke.

Effects of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) Oil on Malondialdehyde Level and Spermatozoa Quality in Mice (Mus musculus) Exposed to Monosodium Glutamate

This study aimed to determine the effects of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) oil on MDA levels and spermatozoa quality in mice (Mus musculus) exposed to MSG. The quality includes motility, viability, concentration, and morphology of spermatozoa. This experimental study used randomized post-test only control group design. The subjects of this study were 25 mice (Mus musculus), divided into 5 groups (5 mice per group). K- group received distilled water for 35 days. K+ group received 4 mg/g BW MSG for 21 days. P1, P2, and P3 treatment groups received 4 mg/g BW MSG for 21 days and 0.02; 0.04; 0.08 ml/g BW red fruit oil, respectively, from day 22 to 35. The results showed that mean spermatozoa morphology in K-, K+, P1, P2, P3 groups were as follows: 0.86; 0.56; 0.67; 0.61; and 0.87 (%). The spermatozoa concentrations were sequentially as follows: 21; 10; 15; 32,8,19 (107 cells/ml). The spermatozoa's vitalities were as follows: 0,64; 0,14; 0,24; P2: 0.36; 0.68 (%). MDA levels were respectively: 0.29; 0.60; 0.35; 0.23; and 0.19 (nm). As a conclusion, testicular MDA levels in mice exposed to MSG and given with red fruit oil were lower than those in mice exposed to MSG without receiving red fruit oil. The quality of spermatozoa in mice exposed to MSG and receiving red fruit oil was higher than that of mice exposed to MSG without being given with red fruit oil.

THE INFLUENCE OF RED FRUIT (PANDANUS CONOIDEUS LAM.) OIL ON GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE LEVEL AT MAXIMUM PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Objectives: This study aims to see the effect of red fruit oil (RFO) on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level at maximum physical activity.Methods: This study is an experimental research using the design of randomized control group pretest-posttest. This study was using 24 male mice divided into four groups, the control group was given aquadest, the treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 were given the RFO orally of 0.15 ml/kg BW, 0.3 ml/kg BW, and 0.6 ml/kg BW, respectively, for a month. The level of GPx was checked for all groups at the beginning of study and after the maximum physical activity. The obtained data were then tested statistically using t-test and ANOVA.Results: The result shows the RFO supplementation during exercise increased the GPx level in P1, P2, and P3 groups with p&lt;0.05, and the higher RFO dosage resulted in higher GPx level at p&lt;0.05.Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the RFO could increase the level of GPx at maximum physical activity.

The Effect of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus) to the Histophysiology of Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Liver Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Free radicals in cigarette smoke may interfere the balanced of body molecules and cause the damage of hepatic cells. This issues may be prevented by using red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus L) due to its antioxidant content. This study aimed to evaluate the structure and physiological conditions of liver when the red fruit oil given to the rat that exposed by cigarette smoke. This study carried out for 35 days with female white rats as the sample. The samples were 20 female white rats divided into four groups: P0 (negative control), P1 (positive control), P2 (exposed by cigarette smoke with administration of red fruit oil 0,1 ml/BB), P3 (exposed by cigarette smoke with administration of red fruit oil 0,2 ml/weight). The data of ALT, AST, cell diameter, and hepatic weight were analyzed by using analysis of variants (ANOVA). The results showed that administration of red fruit oil containing antioxidants can reduce levels of ALT, AST, hepatocyte diameter, and increase liver weight, although the difference is not significant compared to the control group and does not affect the eating and drinking behavior so as not to affect the body's metabolism. The conclusion of red fruit oil can reduce ALT, AST, hepatocyte diameter and increase hepatic weight due to exposure to cigarette smoke, although the difference is not significant to the control group, and does not affect the eating and drinking behavior, so good for consumption because it gives a beneficial effect on health liver organ.

The Influence of Red Fruit Oil on Creatin Kinase Level at Maximum Physical Activity

Heavy physical activities can cause the oxidative stress which resulting in muscle damage with an indicator of elevated levels of Creatin Kinase (CK) enzyme. The oxidative stress can be prevented or reduced by antioxidant supplementation. One of natural resources which contain antioxidant is Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus) Oil (RFO). This study aims to see the effect of Red Fruit Oil on Creatin Kinase (CK) level at maximum physical activity. This study is an experimental research by using the design of randomized control group pretest-posttest. This study was using 24 male mice divided into four groups, the control group was given aquadest, the treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 were given the RFO orally of 0.15 ml/kgBW, 0.3 ml/kgBW, and 0.6 ml/kgBW, respectively, for a month. The level of CK was checked for all groups at the beginning of study and after the maximum physical activity. The obtained data were then tested statistically by using t-test and ANOVA. The result shows the RFO supplementation during exercise decreased the CK level in P1, P2, and P3 groups with p<0.05, and the higher RFO dosage resulted in decreased CK level at p<0.05. The conclusion of this study is the Red Fruit Oil could decrease the level of CK at maximum physical activity.

Characterization, biological activities, and authentication of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) oil

Characterization, biological activities, and authentication of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) oil

P.3.e.003 - Proteomic profiling changes induced by physical activity in patients with schizophrenia

Red fruit oil (RFO) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a number of diseases. However, evidence for the biological effects and action mechanisms is still lacking. In the present study, we show for the first time that RFO stimulated the phosphorylation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and enhanced the NO production in human endothelial cells. In isolated mouse aorta, RFO induced a vasodilation, with a significant effect evident at a concentration as low as 1:100,000 dilution. The RFO-induced vasodilation could be completely prevented by eNOS inhibition, indicating that RFO contains highly potent substances stimulating eNOS activity. In addition, RFO reduced oxidative stress in endothelial cells, as demonstrated with three different methods. In the comet assay, RFO significantly decreased oxidative DNA damage induced by genotoxicants. These results suggest that enhanced endothelial NO production and reduced oxidative stress may represent part of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of RFO.

Acute toxicity of red fruits (Pandanus conoideus Lamk) oil and the hepatic enzyme level in rat

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lamk) empirically has been used Papuapeople , Indonesia as a natural medicine to treat a variety of diseases including cancer, HIV / AIDS, herpes and diabetes. The information about the toxicity of this plant is very important considering this plant is potential as medicine. The aim of this study is to determine acute toxicity of red fruit oil and its effect on hepatic enzyme level (AST and ALT). The oil was extracted by heat extraction method. Acute toxicity testing conducted based on OECD 423 guideline. In acute toxicity study, the oral dose of red fruit oil was administrated to 3 group (300, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW) in single dose. The general behaviour, adverse effect and clinical symptom was observed every hour in first 4 hours, 24 hours,48 hours, and continue to observe for 14 days after administration of red fruit oil. No animals showed toxic symptoms in 300 and 2000 mg/kg dosing group. One animal in 5000 mg/kg BW dosing group had diarrhea one hour after administration. No animal dead in this experiment after 14 days observation. AST and ALT mean value for rats on 300 mg/kg BW, 2000 mg/kg BW, and 5000 mg/kg BW dosing groups are 22.70±1:05 IU/L , 24.15±8.89 IU/L and 24.54 ± 6.26 IU/L and 18.04 ± 0.77 IU / L,19.69 ± 3.08 IU/L, 16.78±1.60 IU / L, respectively. No statistically significant difference of the value of AST and ALT levels in each treatment group (p&gt;0.05). Based on the 2001 OECD acute toxicity, red fruit can be categorized as Category 5 GHS (Globally Harmonized System for Chemical Classification Subtances and Mixtures) as practically non-toxic materials.

Red fruit oil increases trophoblast cells and decreases caspase-9 expression in placenta of lead exposed mice

BACKGROUND&lt;br /&gt;Lead is able to pass through the placental barrier and interfere with fetal development. Red fruit has high antioxidant activity, due to carotenoids (pro-vitamin A), tocopherols (vitamin E) and unsaturated fatty acids. This study aims to examine the effect of red fruit oil towards placenta in pregnant mice before lead exposure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;METHODS&lt;br /&gt;This was a laboratory experimental post test only study, using 20 pregnant mice (Mus musculus) that were randomized into five groups. The negative control group was not exposed to lead; intervention group 0 (P0) was exposed to lead at 0.011 mg/20 g BW/day on days 6-15 of gestation. The intervention groups P1-P3 were given red fruit orally at 0.3 mL/20 g BW/day, 0.8 mL/20 g BW/day, 0.9 mL/20 g BW/day, respectively, before lead exposure. Normal trophoblast cell count and caspase-9 expression of trophoblasts were calculated. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests were used to analyze the data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RESULTS&lt;br /&gt;The intervention groups P2 and P3 given red fruit at 0.8 mL/20 g BW/day and 0.9 mL/20 g BW/day showed a significant increase in normal trophoblast cell count of 88.2% (p=0.024) and a decrease in caspase-9 expression of 70.8% compared with P0 to which was not given red fruit (p=0.020). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;br /&gt;Red fruit increased normal trophoblast cell count by 88.2% and decreased caspase-9 expression by 70.8% in pregnant mice before lead exposure. It should be noted that red fuit may prevent oxidative damage to cells.

Effect of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus Conoideus Lam) on Animal Model of Preeclampsia

Effect of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus Conoideus Lam) on Animal Model of Preeclampsia

PERSENTASE BOBOT KARKAS AYAM PEDAGING SETELAH PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI DOSIS MINYAK BUAH MERAH (Pandanus Conodeus. lam)

This study was designed using a complete randomized design (RAL) with four treatments and each treatment was repeated as many as 5m (five) times to obtain 20 experimental units, each experimental unit consisting of 5 (five) chickens. The tested treatment was giving various doses of red fruit oil with the application of mouth drops. The given dose is 0 cc / tail (0 drops), 0.05 cc / tail (1 drop), 0.1 cc / head (2 drops), and 0.15 cc / tail (3 drops). Red (Pandanus Conodeus Lam) dose of 0.15 cc (3 drops) increased live weight gain and best carcass weight at week V and significantly different from control treatment and 0.05 cc / head. Provision of 0.15 cc red fruit oil (3 drops) resulted in live weight of 2.046 kg / head, carcass weight of 1,462 kg and percentage of carcasses 71%. Key Words : Red Fruits (Pandanus Conodeus. lam), Broiler, Weight of carcasses

Cytotoxic Activity of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Oil and Its Effect On Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Expression in Raji Cells

The number of cancer patient is increasing, while a really effective therapy has not yet been discovered. One concept of carcinogenesis is the relation between chronic inflammation and cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has a carcinogenic effect in inflamed and malignant tissues. Red Fruit contains carotenoid that can suppress COX-2 gene expression and tocopherol, which is a potent inhibitor of COX-2. The purpose of this study is to determine cytotoxic activity of Red Fruit oil and its effect on COX-2 gene expression. The experiment used 5 dosages of Red Fruit, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µg/mL, exposed to Raji cells. However, unexposed Raji cells were used as control. Cytotoxic activities were evaluated by MTT Assay, while Lethal Concentration50 (LC50) was determined through regression-correlation analysis. Red Fruit oil effect on COX-2 gene expression was evaluated by Reversed Transcriptase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method and electrophoresis. Electrophoresis bands were analyzed by Scion Image for Windows. Optical Integrated Density (OID) of unexposed and exposed groups were statistically analyzed with one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan test with α=0.05. The results showed that Red Fruit had a cytotoxic activity on Raji cells with LC50 of331.42 µg/mL. Red Fruit suppressed COX-2 gene expression with an effective dosage obtained at 500 µg/mL. Keywords: red fruit, cytotoxicity, cox-2 gene expression, raji cells