Red Bean Extract Research Articles

BENEFIT OF MUNG BEANS (Vigna radiata L.) AND RED BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) TO INCREASE HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH ANEMIA

One non-pharmacological therapy for anemia is to consume mung beans or red beans. This study was to determine the effectiveness of giving red bean extract and mung bean extract to increase HB levels in adolescents. The type of research used in this study was quasi-experimental with two groups pre-test and post-test. The sample was divided into 2 groups, with each group consisting of 18 respondents who were selected using purposive techniques. The results of the Paired Sample T-Test showed that there was a significant difference between the Hb levels of respondents before and after consuming mung bean extract (p-value = 0.000). The results of the Wilcoxon Test showed that there was a significant difference between the Hb levels of respondents before and after consuming red bean extract (p-value = 0.000). The results of the Mann-Whitney Test showed that there was a significant difference between the increase in Hb levels of respondents in group 1 and group 2 (p-value = 0.011). Mung bean extract and red bean extract can be recommended as effective foods or drinks to increase Hb levels for adolescent girls with anemia, where mung bean extract is preferred. Keywords: Anemia, Hemoglobin, Mung Bean, Red Bean

Karakteristik Organoleptik Permen Jeli Sari Kacang Merah dengan Penambahan Gelatin Tulang Ikan Nila Merah

This study aimed to determine the organoleptic characteristics of red bean extract based on jelly candy with the addition of nile bones gelatin. This study used a completely randomized design with factorial experiments. The first factor is Nila-bones gelatin concentration which consists of concentration levels A1 (10 g) and A2 (13 g). The second factor was the addition of red bean extract to replace water which consisted of 3 levels, namely B1 (50%), B2 (70%), and B3 (100%). Data analysis of organoleptic used the Kruskal-Wallis test. When p < 0.05, will be continued by the Mann Whitney test at the real level α 5%. The results showed that the addition of Nila-bones gelatin to jelly candy based on red bean extract had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the quality and level of overall panelist preference. A1B2 (10 g of gelatin; 70% of red bean extract) is the formula for the selected jelly candy red bean extract.

Antioxidant Activity of Fermented Red Bean Extract on Sperm Quality of Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Smoking has a negative effect on fertilization as it decreases sperm quality. The current research aimed to investigate the effect of fermented red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) extract on sperm motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of white mice (Mus musculus) exposed to cigarette smoke. The red beans were subjected to a 36-hour fermentation process using Rhizopus spp. Then, methanol was extracted by maceration method for 24 hours until maceration was obtained. In this study, 25 male white mice aged 3 months were randomly divided into 5 groups of 5 mice. Group C (negative control) was given 0.5 mL of carboxymethyl cellulose natrium (CMC Na) 1% solution orally without unfiltered cigarette smoke exposure, and group C+ (positive control) was given 0.5 mL of CMC Na 1% solution orally and unfiltered cigarette smoke exposure. Treatment groups T1, T2, and T3 were orally given fermented red bean extract at doses of 26 mg/kg Body weight (BW), 52 mg/kg BW, and 104 mg/kg BW, respectively, and then were exposed to unfiltered cigarette smoke. For 36 days, treatment groups (except the negative control) were subjected to the inhalation of smoke from an unfiltered cigarette containing a nicotine dose of 2.2 mg. The exposure period lasted for 20 minutes each day. Each group was put into a cigarette smoke-exposing box. The sperm motility (observing the forward movement of spermatozoa), the sperm viability (examining the color of the sperm head), and the sperm plasma membrane integrity (observing the tail shape using the hypoosmotic swelling test) were then evaluated. The findings indicated significant differences in sperm motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of each group with positive control. A dose of 104 mg/kg BW of fermented red bean extract had the best potential to maintain sperm motility (70%), viability (82.13%), and plasma membrane integrity (61.93%) of mice exposed to unfiltered cigarette smoke.

Effect of Red Bean Extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on IL-10 Levels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Model

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown etiologic. Multiorgan dysfunction in women with SLE causes menstrual irregularities, ovarian failure, follicular atresia, and premature ovarian failure (POF) leading to the cessation of menstruation. Phaseolus vulgaris L. contains isoflavones that can trigger oocyte maturation, stimulate the formation of antral follicles, increase FSH receptor expression and proliferate cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. This study aims to prove the effect of red bean extract (isoflavones) in SLE by and increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels. Material and Methods: This study used a true experimental design with a post-test-only controlled group design. The samples used in this study were at least 25 female Balb/c mice. Data on serum IL-10 levels in mice were obtained by measurement using ELISA. The data were statistically analysed using SPSS 16 for Windows software program. The data were tested for normality and homogeneity using parametric non-parametric analysis. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in ANA levels with a p-value of 0.000 in each sample. From this test, it was proven that there was a significant increase in IL-10 levels at doses of 75 mg/KgBW (P2) and 100 mg/KgBW (P3) (p-value=0.000) due to the administration of various doses of red bean extract (isoflavones). Conclusion: Red bean extract (isoflavones) had a significant effect in increasing IL-10 levels.

Effect of Red Bean Extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Sp) on Interleukin-1, Inhibin Β and PCNA Expression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Mice Model

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ involvement. Chronic inflammation due to oxidative stress and autoimmune causes damage to related organs, one of which is the ovary which leads to Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) . Red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Sp.) is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. This study aims to examine the effect of red beans on IL-1, Inhibin B, and PCNA. Methods: This is a true experimental study with a post-test-only controlled group design in vivo. The sample in this study were female Balb/c mice treated with red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L. sp.) at doses of 50 mg/KgBW (P1), 75 mg/KgBW (P2), and 100 mg/KgBW (P3). IL-1, Inhibin B, and PCNA levels in each group were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 16 for Windows software program. Results: Red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Sp.) administration at various doses was statistically proven to significantly reduce IL-1 levels (p<0,05) and increase Inhibin levels in all groups (p<0,05). The highest average Inhibin B levels were found in the 100 mg/KgBW dose group (P3), significant increase in PCNA expression in all groups given various doses of red bean extract (p<0,05). Conclusion: Administration of red bean extract (Phaseoulus vulgaris L. Sp.) can reduce levels of Interleukin-1, increase levels of Inhibin B and PCNA expression in SLE mice.

Effect of Red Bean Extract (Phaseolus Vulgaris L. Sp) on Il-6 Levels and AMH Levels as The Prevention of Premature Ovarian Failure in Mice Model of The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Introduction: Continuous SLE treatment causes Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) and occurred in 27.3% SLE patients treated with cyclophosphamide. IL-6 plays a critical role in the B cell hyperactivity and immunopathology of human SLE. Phaseolus Vulgaris L. Sp have a high total phenolic content and have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study’s objective is to prove the effect of red beans (Phaseoulus vulgaris L. sp.) in reducing inflammation (IL-6) and increasing AMH levels. Methods: This is a true experimental design with a post-test-only controlled group design. The sample used in this study was 25 female Babic mice divided in two control groups and three treatment groups. Subjects were given intraperitoneal injection of Pristan (0.5 ml), busulfan (30 mg/kg BW), cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg BW) to induce POF. ANA test was carried out to prone SLE induction was success. Red bean extract was given at 50 mg/kg BW (in treatment group 1), 75 mg/kg BW (in treatment group 2), and 100 mg/kg BW (in treatment group 3). Data of IL-6 and AMH levels in mice serum were obtained by measurement using ELISA. Results: The study showed a significant difference in ANA levels with a p-value of 0.000 in every sample. The study has proven a significant decrease in IL-6 levels with a p-value of 0.000 and a significant increase in AMH levels at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW (P3) with a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion: Phaseolus vulgaris extract had a significant effect on follicle changes in Balb/c mice in dose of 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg but not significantly reduce inflammation (IL-6).

A Study on the Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Red Sword Bean Extract in Functional Cosmetics for Skin Care

In this study, to analyze and determine the bioactive compounds of red sword bean as natural ingredients for functional cosmetics, hot water extraction was performed with ethanol contents of 20%, 50%, and 80%. In addition, for the respective extracts, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for the determination of bioactive compounds and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis for the determination of polyphenol and flavonoid contents were performed along with the determination of antioxidant capacity. Moreover, experiments were performed to test the skin whitening and anti-wrinkle effects; a cytotoxicity evaluation was also conducted. As a result of the colorimetric assay, the lightness (L) value decreased with increasing ethanol content, whereas the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values tended to increase. This is presumed to be because the active compounds of the double bond structure increased as the ethanol content increased. As a result of GC-MS analysis to determine chemical composition, the detection of ethyl gallate, an antioxidant, and mandelic acid, an active compound with whitening and wrinkle improvement effects, was confirmed; the detected concentrations increased with increasing ethanol content. In the experiment to examine the antioxidant effect of red sword bean extract, the IC50 value of the 80% ethanol extract showed a high antioxidant capacity comparable to that of the control, ascorbic acid. As a result of the tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay, the highest inhibition (%) was confirmed at 80% ethanol content. Furthermore, in the collagenase inhibitory activity assay, all extracts showed high collagenase inhibitory activity of over 90%. Specifically, at 20% ethanol content, a higher inhibition (%) was confirmed than that of the control, ascorbic acid.

Chromatogram Profile of Vigna radiata and Phaseolus vulgaris Related to Chemical Hydrolysis

Mungbean (Vigna radiate) and red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a type of food containing isoflavone in the form of glycoside (genistin, daidzin, glycitin). Isoflavones are one type of phytoestrogen which have similar chemical structure with estradiol. Therefore, it can be used not only to inhibit but also to prevent many symptoms related to estrogen deficiency. Human body cannot adsorb isoflavone in the glycoside form. In order to make it absorbable, isoflavone should be hydrolyzed to defuse its glycoside chain to be aglycon (genistein, daidzein, glycitein). The aim of this study was to determine the influence of hydrolysis on chromatogram profile of mungbean and red bean. Hydrolysis was conducted by chemical method using hydrochloride acid (HCl). The chromatogram profile was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography method (HPLC) using C18 reverse phase column, the mobile phase was methanol : water (7:3), the sample injected automatically as much as 10 ml, the flow rate of 1 ml/min with a temperature of 28°C, at a wavelength of 254 nm. This study showed that chemical hydrolysis successes to remove the glycoside chain in both mungbean and red bean extract.

Effect of Phenolic Extract from Red Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on T-2 Toxin-Induced Cytotoxicity in HepG2 Cells.

Red beans contain human bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Several in vitro studies have proposed the natural compounds as an innovative strategy to modify the toxic effects produced by mycotoxins. Hence, in this work, a complete investigation of the polyphenolic fraction of red beans was performed using a Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. Notably, epicatechin and delphinidin were the most detected polyphenols found in red bean extracts (3.297 and 3.108 mg/Kg, respectively). Moreover, the red bean extract was evaluated against the T-2 toxin (T-2) induced cytotoxicity in hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) by direct treatment, simultaneous treatment, and pre-treatment assays. These data showed that T-2 affected the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, as well as observing a cytotoxic effect and a significant increase in ROS production at 30 nM. The simultaneous treatment and the pre-treatment of HepG2 cells with red bean extract was not able to modify the cytotoxic T-2 effect. However, the simultaneous treatment of T-2 at 7.5 nM with the red bean extract showed a significant decrease in ROS production, with respect to the control. These results suggest that the red bean extract could modulate oxidative stress on HepG2 cells.

Evaluation of bran extracts of rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) and selected bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.) varieties for their antioxidative and anti-hyperglycemic potentials

Search of therapeutic potential of natural and locally available food has become a trend due to increasing health concerns among consumers around the world. In this study, extracts of rice bran (<em>Oryza sativa </em>L.) and selected beans (red bean, red kidney bean, and white bean) (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris </em>L.) were obtained using 80% ethanol-water mixture to compare their anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-oxidative potentials. The total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and the carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitory potentials of the extracts were studied in-<em>vitro </em>using relevant assays. The highest phenolic content (0.122 mg of Gallic Acid Equivalent /g of extract) was found with red bean extract. FRAP values of the extracts were found to range from 48.98 to 75.94 μmol FeSO4 /g bran extract. The highest ferric reducing power (75.94 μmol FeSO4/g) was displayed by the bran extract of red kidney bean. The highest inhibitory effect against α-amylase (96.18%) was displayed by rice bran extract and the highest inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase (39.57%) was exhibited by red bean extract. This study concluded that the bran extracts of rice and the selected beans were potent sources of natural antioxidants and good postprandial hyperglycaemia regulators.

Effects of fermented red bean extract on nephropathy in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

BackgroundThe antioxidant effects of Bacillus subtilis-fermented red bean (natto-red bean) extract (NRBE) in young (6 weeks old) Sprague–Dawley rats and aged (12 months old) mice had been reported previously.ObjectiveTo evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of NRBE in the kidneys of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.DesignNormal control rats and diabetic rats were orally gavaged with saline and low-dose NRBE (100 mg/kg body weight [BW]), medium-dose NRBE (200 mg/kg BW), and high-dose NRBE (500 mg/kg BW), for 12 weeks and then sacrificed. Concentration of fasting glucose, adiponectin, renal function markers, antioxidative markers, and pro-inflammatory markers were measured.ResultsOral administration of 50% ethanolic extract of NRBE with a dosage of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, or 500 mg/kg BW could improve the symptoms of kidney enlargement and renal function. Supplementation of NRBE can effectively inhibit the formation of renal reactive oxygen species and advanced-glycation end-products and increase renal glutathione content and serum adiponectin. A low dose of NRBE (100 mg/kg BW) decreased fasting blood sugar and renal interleukin (IL)-6 expression. Serum C-reactive protein, renal tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations were decreased, and renal superoxide dismutase activity was increased in the medium-dose NRBE group. Twenty-four hour creatinine clearance and urinary albumin excretion also improved by medium-dose NRBE supplementation. In NRBE, total phenols and flavonoids were 6.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 12.02 mg rutin equivalent/g, respectively, and kampherol was the major active antioxidant compound.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that appropriate amount of NRBE, 200 mg/kg BW in rats, could prevent diabetic nephropathy by improving antioxidant status and inhibiting inflammation in renal tissue.

KEMAMPUAN FERMENTASI BAL DENGAN SUBSTRAT SUSU KACANG MERAH

The oligosaccharide content in red beans can be broken down with groups of microorganisms, namely lactic acid bacteria. This decomposition is done by the fermentation process. Lactic acid bacteria used in this study were Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NBRC 12007. This study aims to determine BAL Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis NBRC 12007 in the fermentation process of red bean juice and regulates the difference in quality by fermentation of UHT cow's milk with the same starter bacteria. Beginner Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NBRC 12007 was added 3% to the substrate of red bean extract and UHT cow's milk. Fermentation is carried out for 24 hours at 37oC. The results showed that the total cell, total acid, total protein, pH, antibacterial and physical values were much better and improved the quality of the fermented red bean extract substrate product compared to the fermentation with UHT cow's milk substrate.

Effect of Red Bean Extract (Phaseolus vulgaris, L) on the Development of Female Mice Eggs (Mus musculus) Balb/C strains

Research was conducted to study the effect of red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris, L) on the development of mouse egg follicles (Mus musculus) This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatment groups. Each treatment group used 5 female mice aged 2 months weighing 18-22 grams. The research parameters were the number of egg follicles at various stages of development which were observed from the histological incision of the ovarium. The data obtained were analyzed by Two Way Variance Analysis and DMRT Test. The results showed that the treatment of red bean extract had a significant effect on the development of egg follicles in mice with balb/c strains

Supplementation of Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) Extract Decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels of Stressly Induced Activity of Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

This study aims to prove that supplementation of red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of stressly induced activity of male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research was an experimental with pre-test post-test control group design. The rats were randomly divides into 3 groups: negatif control group (P0), positive control group (treated with overtraining and aquades 2ml/P1), and treatment group (treated with supllementation of red bean extract 650 mg/200 g body weight and overtraining/P2). The rats were swam for 45 minutes everyday. Data were analysed by one way anova test. The study showed that MDA level pretest of the each group was 69,70±0,52 mmol/L; 70,12±0,54 mmol/L and 69,59±0,51 mmol/L respectively. MDA level posttest of the each group was 69,66±0,27 mmol/L; 90,08±0,20 mmol/L and 62,85±0,50 mmol/L respectively. From the result of this study, it can be concluded that suplementation of red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of stressly induced activity of male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).&#x0D; Keyword: red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) extract, rats, overtraining, MDA, stress oxidative.

Red Bean Extract Inhibits Immobilization-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C57BL/6N Mice.

Muscle atrophy, which is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass, function, and protein content, can be caused by aging, disease, and physical inactivity. Red bean or Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) has been consumed as an edible legume. Red bean possesses various functional properties, such as antidiabetes, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and hepatoprotective activities. However, little is known about its potential inhibitory effect on muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of red bean extract (RBE) on muscle atrophy in an immobilized hindlimb muscle of C57BL/6J mice. RBE dose-dependently increased grip strength, exercise endurance, muscle weight, and myofiber area. At the molecular level, RBE significantly reduced the mRNA expression of proteolysis-related genes, such as muscle ring finger and muscle atrophy F-box by preventing the translocation of Forkhead box 3. RBE also activated the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathway, subsequently stimulating the mammalian target of rapamycin/70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 pathway involved in protein synthesis. Overall, red bean could be used as a functional food ingredient or therapeutic agent to inhibit muscle atrophy.

Effect of Red Bean (Vigna angularis [Willd] Ohwi &amp; Ohashi) Extract Administration on Lipid Profile, Uric Acid, and Blood Glucose Level in Male White Rat

Effect of Red Bean (Vigna angularis [Willd] Ohwi &amp; Ohashi) Extract Administration on Lipid Profile, Uric Acid, and Blood Glucose Level in Male White Rat

Repressive effects of red bean, Phaseolus angularis, extracts on obesity of mouse induced with high-fat diet via downregulation of adipocyte differentiation and modulating lipid metabolism.

Obesity is generally caused by quantitative changes in adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism. Only a few studies have been determined the effect of red beans extract on obesity and plasma cholesterol concentration. We have been studied the functional activities of red-bean extracts including anti-oxidative effect against DNA and cell damages. Histological study including micro CT analysis showed that the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes and intestines was significantly decreased in red bean extract treated group. In addition, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were decreased in blood samples. In addition, it was confirmed that the red bean extract inhibited the expression of PPARγ, Fabp4 and RETN genes, which regulate total adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Red bean extract inhibits the expressions of transcription factors associated with adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting fat accumulation and decreasing blood lipid levels in obese mice induced by high fat diet.

Evaluacion fisicoquimica, microbiologica y sensorial de una salsa y una bebida funcional a base de extracto de frijol rojo (Phaseolus vulgaris) con pulpa de Guayaba en el municipio de Valledupar

&#x0D; Objetivo: evaluar de manera fisicoquímica, microbiológica y sensorial una salsa y una bebida funcional a base de extracto de fríjol rojo (phaseolus vulgaris) con pulpa de guayaba. Metodología: el trabajo se desarrolló en una planta piloto, donde se tuvieron en cuenta la pulpa de la fruta y granos de frijoles rojos comercializados en los diferentes supermercados de la ciudad de Valledupar donde se tomaron muestras representativas de 5 kilos de guayaba y 5 kilos de fríjol para la obtención de la bebida y, con base en la NTC 659, se aplicó un diseño factorial de 22. Resultados: La consistencia de la salsa de extracto de fríjol rojo con mayor contenido de proteína (11,3 %) fue el atributo de mayor aceptación por parte de los evaluadores no entrenados con 67,3 %, y el color fue el de menor aceptación con 53,3 %. Sin embargo, en forma general, el producto tuvo una preferencia de 61 %. El sabor de la bebida tipo néctar con mayor contenido de proteína (11%) a base de extracto de fríjol rojo y extracto de guayaba fue el atributo que tuvo el mayor porcentaje de aceptación por parte de los evaluadores no entrenados, con 70,6%, y la consistencia fue el atributo con menor porcentaje de aceptación con 61,3. Sin embargo, otra vez en forma general, considerados todos los atributos, la bebida tuvo una preferencia de 64,5%. Conclusiones: la composición mineral (Fe, Na, K, Ca y Mg) tanto de la salsa de extracto de fríjol como de la bebida a base de extracto de fríjol rojo y extracto de guayaba fueron aportes valiosos, sobre todo en el contenido del potasio y del calcio, que contribuyen a mantener la estabilidad muscular y gástrica del ser humano.&#x0D;

Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Composition of a Red Bean (Phasoelus vulgaris) Extract and its Fractions

- The activities of the crude acetonic extract of red bean and its two fractions were determined using a 0-carotene-linoleate model system as well as the total antioxidant activity (TAA), the total phenolics content (TPC), the DPPH radical-scavenging activity, and the reducing power assays. Results from the in vitro assays showed the highest values when tannins (fraction II) were tested. Specifically, the TAA of the tannins fraction was 4.37 mmol Trolox eq./g fraction; whereas, the crude extract and fraction I were 0.481 and 0.093 μmol Trolox eqi/mg extract or fraction, respectively. The content of total phenolics in fraction II was the utmost (612 mg/g); the tannins content, assayed by the vanillin method and expressed as absorbance units at 500 nm per I g, was 938. RP-HPLC- PAD-MS profiling revealed the presence of 33 compounds: quercetin arabinoglucoside, quercetin rutinoside, quercetin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and kaempferol rutinoside were the most abundant phenolics in the extract.

Red bean extracts protect rats against intestinal inflammatory damage.

Red beans comprise part of the diet in Korean culture. Anti-inflammatory and anti-septic activities of the butanol fraction of red bean ethanol extracts (BF-RBEE) are known. The intestinal antiinflammatory activity of BF-RBEE and related mechanisms were studied using a rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis. Oral treatment with BF-RBEE (100 mg/kg of body weight) suppressed body weight loss and intestinal inflammatory damage in colitic rats. BF-RBEE treatment reduced the myeloperoxidase activity and the malondialdehyde level that were increased in colitic rats, and restored the reduced level of glutathione. BF-RBEE also inhibited acetic acid-mediated increases in mRNA levels of nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Similarly, treatment with 1mg/kg of prednisolone protected rats against intestinal colitic damage with corresponding decreases in levels of these inflammatory indicators. Red beans can be useful for treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases.