Car Recycling Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Scrap Car Recycling Management Policies

With the rapid development of community economic and the constant improvement of the level of living in our country, the number of the private car owned by local residents is increasing rapidly, and scrap cars also bring serious problem in treatment and disposal of Solid Waste. In this paper GREET (The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model) was used to calculate energy use and GHG emissions in different ways of car recycling. Based on the result, the paper proposes some advice to optimize the management of recycling of scrap car.

Used–Car Dismantling and Recycling of Key Technologies

The scrap car recycling has drawn increasing attention, has become a global problem. Disposal of old vehicles fundamental measure is to establish a sound, professional recovery system. In this paper, my life vehicle dismantling and recycling of the status and features, combined with developed countries, automobile dismantling and recycling of waste professional characteristics, vehicles dismantling and scrap the key technologies of the inquiry.

Dessorção e lixiviação de chumbo em espodossolo tratado com agentes quelantes

A baixa degradabilidade no solo de quelantes sintéticos usados para induzir a fitoextração pode significar elevado risco ambiental pela lixiviação de metais pesados. Agentes quelantes naturais, mais rapidamente degradados no solo, podem ser uma alternativa para os quelantes sintéticos. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a capacidade de três agentes quelantes sintéticos e dois quelantes naturais de cadeia alifática na dessorção de Pb de um Espodossolo contaminado pela deposição de escórias resultantes da reciclagem de baterias automotivas. A lixiviação de Pb promovida pelos quelantes foi também estudada. O trabalho compreendeu dois experimentos: (1) dessorção de Pb utilizando as concentrações de 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 e 30 mmol kg-1 dos ácidos cítrico e oxálico e dos quelantes sintéticos EDTA, DTPA e NTA; (2) lixiviação realizada em colunas de PVC com concentrações de 0, 10 e 20 mmol kg-1 de ácido cítrico, ácido oxálico, EDTA e NTA. O uso do EDTA promoveu elevada dessorção e lixiviação de Pb, não sendo recomendado para programa de fitoextração na área em estudo. A elevada dessorção de Pb, aliada à baixa lixiviação promovida pelo NTA, qualifica o quelante para indução da fitoextração de Pb no solo. Os quelantes naturais não apresentaram riscos para a lixiviação de Pb nas concentrações estudadas, mas parecem pouco promissores para a fitoextração do elemento, devido à baixa dessorção.

Life Cycle Assessment as a Tool of Environmental Safety in Car Recycling

Numerous and wide-ranging initiatives are being pursued all over the world today to help pass on a sound natural environment to future generations. Automotive production is one of Slovakian leading industries. Because of urgent priority on protecting the environment, it is inevitable for manufacturers to be engaged in ongoing efforts to develop more environmentally friendly automobiles and a more viable infrastructure for them - one in which provisions for environmental protection, including recycling, constitute an essential part. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is atool for the systematic evaluation of the environmental aspects of aproduct or service system through all stages of its life cycle. The article is focused on some possibilities of improving the environmental safety of motor vehicles especially by application of the LCA in automobile production.

A case study of serial‐flow car disassembly: Ergonomics, productivity and potential system performance

AbstractA recent European Union (EU) directive increases demands on car recycling. Thus, present craft‐type disassembly systems need reconfiguration in order to be more efficient. A line‐based system tested in the Netherlands was investigated regarding system performance and ergonomics. The system had reduced performance compared to the design specifications due to such factors as system losses, operator inexperience, and teamwork deficiencies. Operators' peak low back loads were lower than in Swedish craft‐type systems. Direct, value‐adding work comprised 30% of the workday, compared to about 70% in the Swedish manufacturing industry. Alternative system configurations were simulated and discussed using a novel combination of flow and human simulations. For example, a smaller variation in cycle time implied higher output in number of cars per week and larger operator cumulative loading on the low back. In all models the cumulative load was high compared to the loads previously recorded in assembly work. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 17: 331–351, 2007.

Exergy as a tool for evaluation of the resource efficiency of recycling systems

Recycling contributes significantly to the natural resources preservation. However since recycling technology at the same time requires primary materials and energy input, both contributing to the natural resources depletion, it is important to evaluate the resource efficiency of the whole recycling chain to determine the actual benefit of recycling. For such an evaluation exergy analysis can be used by calculation of the exergy efficiency as an indicator for the resource efficiency of the recycling chain. In this paper exergy analysis is added as a metric to the fundamental recycling system optimisation model developed previously by the authors. This addition allows evaluation and optimisation of the recycling system environmental performance on a fundamental basis, capturing exergy efficiency in the system as a function of physical, metallurgical and thermal processing and the quality of recyclates. Several car recycling scenarios have been evaluated using the fundamental recycling system optimisation model. The results reveal the influence of legislatively required recycling/recovery quotas and recycling system architecture on the environmental benefits of recycling. The results suggest that legislation does not represent the best exergy and resource efficiency of the system supporting the view that the present stringent legislation for end-of-life vehicle recycling is violating fundamental thermodynamics.

Challenges for process industries in recycling

Increasing population and individual wealth have led to a higher demand for energy and raw material resources as well as for steady improvement of processing technology in view of efficient use of resources and avoiding emissions in production and recycling processes. Present situation and future trend of recycling processing are discussed by examples from the aluminium and steel industries, recycling of cars and post-consumer municipal recovery. The importance of more intense observance of thermodynamic laws and of a 4E strategy “Economy, Energy, Environment and Education” is outlined.

Closed loop supply chains – A study of US and Japanese car industries

System dynamics (SD) modeling approach is used to study the US and Japanese car industries' closed loop supply chains. The state of car recycling in the US and Japan and also end of life vehicle (ELV) regulation in Japan are reviewed. Disposal of cars that reach end of life phase in the US and Japan and export of used cars to emerging economies including potential threats to car manufacturers in these economies are examined. Relationships between reduce, reuse, recycle and disposal in the US and Japanese car markets are explored with base scenario analysis using the car consumption data and forecasts. The SD model was also subjected to extreme conditions test for structural validity. Dynamic analysis of different market scenarios for the US and Japanese reverse supply chains are also conducted. The study shows government regulations can have a significant impact on the car industries' reverse supply chains in the US and Japan.

Car disassembly and ergonomics in Sweden: current situation and future perspectives in light of new environmental legislation

Due to external environmental concern a new European Union (EU) legislation is now increasing the demands on car recycling. The aim of this paper is to present the ergonomics of today's disassembly production systems as well as initiatives and expectations about future systems. This is to provide a basis for development of production systems according to both productivity and workers’ musculoskeletal health. Explorative methodologies were utilized. The following results were found: (1) car disassembly today includes two main tasks: dismantling of components to meet environmental demands and dismantling of valuable parts. The latter allows for good business economics for all the investigated companies; (2) performance demands are in general low and resemble a craft-type production, i.e. the work comprises a rich variety of tasks and low time pressure; (3) musculoskeletal disorders seem not to be a significant issue; (4) design for disassembly/recycling is not a significant issue in the manufacturing industry today. Accordingly, communication between dismantlers and design engineers is sporadic. However, in a long-term perspective, the key stakeholders consider such interaction important to obtain more efficient disassembly systems. Due to the EU legislation more non-commercial parts of the car must be disassembled in the future. Thus, rationalization of disassembly systems is anticipated and possible ergonomic implications are discussed.

Glycolysis of waste flexible polyurethane foam

Glycolysis of flexible polyurethane (PU) was investigated to provide useful data for the recycling of waste cars. The glycolysis experiments were performed under atmospheric pressure and isothermal condition (220 °C). Diethylene glycol (DEG) and potassium acetate (KAc) were used as solvent and catalyst, respectively. The properties of glycolysis products were determined by analyzing the hydroxyl value, weight average molecular weight ( M w), viscosity, and the conversion (X) of the –NCOO– functional group in PU. The results indicate that the adequate concentrations of DEG and KAc are about 150 and 1% of the mass of the PU and an adequate reaction time is 90 min. Purification experiments on the glycolysis products were carried out in a stirred flask with a shell and tube condenser. The distilled materials were collected at the gas-phase temperature ranges of <245, 245–260, 260–275, 275–290, and >290 °C. The polyol-containing products are mostly in the temperature range of 245–260 °C. The recovery of polyol-containing products can be achieved by the distillation of glycolysis products.

Dynamic modelling and optimisation of the resource cycle of passenger vehicles

This paper discusses a dynamic optimisation model for the recycling of cars. Various case studies will illustrate the application of the model to the recycling of aluminium cast and wrought, steel, copper, remainder, which includes the organic fraction. The scope of the dynamic model covers the complete path of product design and manufacturing, the use-phase, mechanical recycling and metal recovery back to the product. The optimisation model determines the recovery rate and covers in detail the processing of the end-of-life vehicle, starting from dismantling, shredding, and various separation steps, including the metal production once again.

Japan vows to make a recycling-based society

The year 2000 in Japan is the inaugural year when this nation began its march towards a recycling-based society. Towards this end the The Basic Law for Establishing the Recycling-based Society was enacted. In addition, the Construction Material Recycling Act, the Food Recycling Law, and the Law on Promoting Green Purchasing were also enacted in 2000. The existing Waste Management and Public Cleaning Lawwas revised in 2000. The Container and Packaging Recycling Law and the Electric Household Appliance Recycling Law were fully enforced in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The Automobile Car Recycling bill is now being discussed in the legislature. The set of current recycling laws in Japan with their objectives is presented below:

European response to issues in recycling car plastics

This paper discusses the issue of recycling of plastics in the automobile industry which has gained importance due to the proposed European Commission regulation on End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) where the EC sets targets on the percent recyclablity or reusability of a car by the year 2015. This proposed regulation puts pressure on the car manufacturers to increase the recyclable and/or reusable components of their product. Plastic poses a critical challenge as on one hand it is necessary to meet the customer demands related to esthetics, light weight and the technological advantages, while on the other hand it is a hurdle in achieving a higher percent recyclability of the ELVs. A closer look on this issue from Europe is necessary as it is expected to set the trend in car recycling regulations all over the world. However, there are many related economic issues that have to be kept in mind while thinking of recycling of plastics (or other components) from ELVs. Tough regulations may not have the solution to the environmental question as the issue has ramifications outside the automotive industry and outside Europe. The significance of plastics in the automotive industry, the proposed ELV directive from the EC and the economic effects of the same, along with the future concerns is discussed here. Further, the paper takes a brief look at the environment in the Indian sub-continent which is considered an emerging market and is flooded with car manufacturers from all over the world, and where issues like recycling are still to attract the attention of the government and the local population.

Endogene Rücknahmepolitik in einem dualen Entsorgungssystem / An Endogenously Determined Repurchase of Scrap in a Dual Waste Disposal System

Zusammenfassung Mit dem neuen Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz, das auf die Produktverantwortung von Produzenten und die Schließung von Stoffkreisläufen abstellt, nimmt die Bedeutung von Rücknahmeverpflichtungen als abfallwirtschaftliches Instrument zu. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der gesamtwirtschaftliche Planungsprozeß einer Volkswirtschaft mit einem dualen Entsorgungssystem modelliert, um endogen die Charakteristika einer optimalen dynamischen Rücknahmepolitik zu bestimmen. Es wird gezeigt, daß selbst im langfristigen Optimum keine vollständige Rückführung aller Konsumrückstände erfolgt, sondern auch immer ein Teil an das ökologische System (Deponie) abgegeben wird. Der mit der Rücknahmeverpflichtung geschaffene Entsorgungsweg wird als Substitut zum herkömmlichen Entsorgungsweg aufgefaßt und dient nur sekundär der Erweiterung der Basis natürlicher Produktionsfaktoren. Für die optimale Bewirtschaftung der Räume auf der Entsorgungsseite der Volkswirtschaft werden verschiedene Analogien zur Theorie natürlicher Ressourcen herausgearbeitet.

Management of scrap car recycling

Abstract This report describes the current scrap car management system in Taiwan. In Taiwan, most metal scrap for recycling is imported from foreign countries. Since scrap cars contain 80% metal, they are a significant domestic feed source for metal recycling industries in Taiwan. However, many scrap cars are abandoned on the street by the last owner, causing traffic and environmental problems. Consequently, a scrap motor vehicles management regulation has been issued by the Environmental Protection Administration to promote scrap car recycling in Taiwan. According to this regulation, the Foundation for Reduction, Reuse and Recovery addresses the scrap car recycling issue in Taiwan by accumulating scrap car disposal fees from local car manufacturers and foreign car importers. The new management system for scrap car recycling in Taiwan was effected on 1 January 1995.

5423922 Delacquering of aluminum cans for recycling: Kirk Thomas E Henrico County, VA, United States Assigned to Reynolds Metals Company

Increasing population and individual wealth have led to a higher demand for energy and raw material resources as well as for steady improvement of processing technology in view of efficient use of resources and avoiding emissions in production and recycling processes. Present situation and future trend of recycling processing are discussed by examples from the aluminium and steel industries, recycling of cars and post-consumer municipal recovery. The importance of more intense observance of thermodynamic laws and of a 4E strategy “Economy, Energy, Environment and Education” is outlined.

金属のリサイクリング

Almost of all metallic materials are generally finite underground resources and because of huge energy consumption and generation of environment pollution materials based on their production, the recycling of metals has a various profitable effects.The technology of recycling of metallic materials consists basically of the applications of their each extraction technology, but in some cases, unique treatment processes had been developed.In this paper, recent developments on recycling of various metals had been introduced and then as practical examples, recycling of waste cars and treatment of electric furnace steelmaking dusts are explained.

The effect of changing patterns of materials consumption on the recycling of cars and domestic appliances in the U.K.

The pattern of materials use in the manufacture of vehicles and domestic appliances is changing. Steel is still the major material used in these industries but there has been a gradual increase in the use of other materials. In the car industry in particular there is a strong incentive to use lighter, more energy-efficient materials. Plastics, aluminium and low-alloy steels are all expected to increase at the expense of conventional mild steel. The extent to which these changes will occur is still not clear, but the impact on the reclamation industry by the end of the century could be substantial. The proportion of steel in the product stream from fragmentiser plants could fall from 75 to 35%, while aluminium alloys and polymers might increase to 25–30%. The prospect for the reclamation industry is for higher value products, but improved sorting procedures for aluminium alloys will be required. The disposal of polymers and other miscellaneous materials will pose an increasingly difficult problem for the industry in the future.