Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Research Articles

Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Aperture Coupled Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wireless Applications

This paper examines a dual-band circularly polarized (CP) Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (RDRA). The RDRA is excited by using triangular ring-shaped aperture and an additional parasitic strip, which is connected to the one side of the RDRA. Three striking features of the proposed design are: (i) modified feeding structure (triangular ring-shaped aperture along with microstrip line) and parasitic strip create dual-radiating modes in the RDRA (i.e. ${\mathrm {TE}}_{1,\delta ,1}^{\mathrm {y}}$ and ${\mathrm {TE}}_{\mathrm {1,4,1}}^{\mathrm {y}}$ ); (ii) modified feeding structure with parasitic strip generates CP wave in both the frequency bands; and (iii) The left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) of proposed antenna can be controlled by taking the mirror image of triangular ring-shaped aperture and parasitic strip. Simulated outcomes have been practically confirmed with the help of developed prototype of the proposed antenna. Measured and simulated results show high harmony to each other. The experimental results confirm that the proposed RDRA is operated over two frequency bands, i.e., 3.4–3.58 GHz and 5.1–5.9 GHz. The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of the proposed antenna is about 3.46–3.54 GHz (LHCP) and 5.18–5.34 GHz (RHCP) in lower and upper frequency band, respectively. The proposed antenna is fairly applicable for worldwide interoperability for microwave access and wireless local area network applications.

Design and Optimization of SIW Center-Fed Series Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array With 45° Linear Polarization

The modeling, design, and optimization of a new substrate integrated waveguide middle-fed series rectangular dielectric resonator antenna array with 45° linear polarization are presented. The implicit space mapping technique is applied for the optimization of the antenna array. A tunable circuit model is built, which serves as the coarse/surrogate mode, and a full-wave solver is used as the fine model. High design and optimization efficiency is demonstrated using an eight-element array. The reflection coefficient of the array antenna is optimized with only two iterations. The experimental data for the eight elements antenna array, operating at the millimeter-wave band (34–36 GHz), are used for the validation of both performance of the design and modeling techniques. The measured radiation pattern demonstrates a broadside beam with a maximum radiated gain of 13.55 dB over an operating impedance bandwidth of 2.2 GHz.

Study and analysis of single notched rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for cognitive radio applications

In this article a single notched ultra-wideband antenna which is integrated with dielectric ring resonator is proposed for cognitive radio applications. The proposed antenna consists of elliptical base and a split ring resonator on either side of the feedline for bandwidth enhancement. The rectangular dielectric resonator which is proposed is a rectangular dielectric resonator which give good isolation between the two ports. The proposed antenna has single rejection at 5.7GHz-8.4GHz at ultrawideband region. The proposed antenna has a peak gain of 6dB and average gain of 3. 1dB.Commercially equipped tool ANSYS EM 17 is used to characterise the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna provides good isolation between the two antenna ports confirming efficient integration. The antenna is best suitable for candidate of radar applications, medical imaging and cognitive radio systems.

Miniature high gain slot-fed rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for IoT RF energy harvesting

Radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting is a promising candidate for alternative power source that can reduce the dependencies on batteries. However, its power density is very low which makes it crucial to have a high gain antenna to increase the power received by the system. This study presents the design of miniature high gain dielectric resonator antenna for RF energy harvesting application with high figure of merit to increase the power received. Numerical approximation is used to assist the antenna design and modelling. The design focused on three parameters which are the width, length, and height of the dielectric resonator. The performance, electric field density, and the radiation patterns of the dielectric resonator antenna have been observed by varying the design parameters. The effect of air gap to the performance is investigated and it is found that 8.11–13% gain improvement and up to 36% improvement in impedance matching is achieved through incorporating thin air gap between the dielectric resonator. Soda-lime glass with relative permittivity 7.75 is used which allows miniaturization and transparency. Experimental results show reasonable agreement to the simulations. The work shows highest antenna gain with smallest size with high FOM at 5 GHz ISM band compared to previous works.

Filleted RDRA using novel ceramic dielectric (3G-BST) with stable gain and improved bandwidth for X-band application

In the present communication, a filleted rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (FRDRA) using novel synthesized ceramic dielectric is described. The proposed antenna has dual segment rectangular structure filleted at the edges of its upper surface. Teflon (εr = 2.1) occupies lower segment of the structure and liquid phase (3wt% of PbO-BaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass) sintered Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) namely 3G-BST (Average value of εr = 15) with filleted structure is used as upper segment. Liquid phase sintering reduces the manufacturing cost by reducing the sintering temperature of BST from 1250°C to 950°C without affecting the structure of ceramic with increasing density. The simulated impedance bandwidth of FRDRA is found to be 4.875GHz (7.735–12.610GHz), which is 8.57% greater than conventional dual segment rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DS-RDRA). The experimental impedance bandwidth of FRDRA is 6.048GHz (7.0–13.048GHz). Among different feeding mechanisms, aperture-coupled feed mechanism is opted in the proposed antenna to reduce the spurious response and improve the antenna performance. Proposed FRDRA reduces material requirement and provides wider bandwidth with stable radiation pattern over its entire frequency band. The developed antenna is appropriate for use as primary feed in radar and satellite communication.

Wideband rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for low‐profile applications

A new wideband low-profile omni-directional dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented. By joining back-to-back two thin identical rectangular high-permittivity dielectric resonators (DRs) and feeding the arrangement with a microstrip feed line inserted in-between the DRs, an impedance bandwidth covering the frequency range from 4.78 to 12.32 GHz, or ~88.2%, is achieved. Importantly, the measured results show that the proposed low-profile DRA also provides a stable omni-directional radiation pattern with low cross-polarisation. The proposed antenna size is 12 × 24 × 2 mm 3 or ~0.191 λ 0 × 0.384 λ 0 × 0.032 λ 0 at 4.8 GHz.

A coaxial probe fed wideband circularly polarized antenna using unequal and adjacent-slided rectangular dielectric resonators for WLAN applications

In this article, a coaxial probe fed wideband circularly polarized antenna has been designed and investigated using unequal and adjacent-slided rectangular dielectric resonators radiating in broadside direction (Φ = 0°, θ = 0°). Wi-Fi wireless network use radio signal either in 2.4 or 5 GHz band. Owing to high rush in 2.4 GHz band, the proposed antenna is designed for 5 GHz (5.15-5.825 GHz) WLAN band. The proposed design uses fundamental orthogonal modes and excited in two individual rectangular dielectric resonators to achieve wide axial-ratio bandwidth (below 3 dB). Measured input reflection coefficient (below −10 dB) and axial ratio bandwidth (below 3 dB) of 26.07% (5.27-6.85 GHz) and 26.85% (5.32-6.97 GHz) has been attained, respectively, in this proposed antenna. The measured far-field patterns such as gain and radiation patterns are showing consistent performance throughout the working band.

A two-segment rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for ultra-wideband application

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a novel two-segment rectangular dielectric resonator antenna is designed for ultra-wide application. These dielectric resonator antennas, having different dielectric material, are placed side by side and are excited with common micro-strip feed. Further, the effect of defected ground is also investigated. The proposed structure offers a wide bandwidth of 131.24% for |S11| < –10 dB from 2.8–13.49 GHz catering needs of many wireless applications for S-band, C-band, X-band, WLAN, and WiMAX. The proposed antenna is fabricated and tested to validate the simulated results. This antenna exhibits a maximum gain of 7.2 dBi at 10 GHz along with 95% of peak efficiency at 3 GHz.

Circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna fed by a cross aperture coupled spiral microstrip line

In this article, a circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna fed by a cross-aperture coupled spiral microstrip line is investigated. A quarter wavelength section of microstrip line is positioned between each arm of the cross slot in a spiral form to generate the circular polarization. The prototype of proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured |S11| and 3-dB axial ratio frequency range is 31.74%, (2.65–3.65) GHz and 20%, (3.12–3.74) GHz, respectively and the measured total gain and left handed circularly polarized gain are 4.5 and 3.1 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna may be suitable for WiMAX applications.

A Hybrid Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna with slot for WBAN Applications

A Hybrid Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna with slot for WBAN Applications

A Triple-Band Hybrid Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (RDRA) for 4G LTE Applications

A triple band hybrid rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) in place of multiple antennas to cover different bands of 4G long term evaluation (LTE) application is presented. An integrated approach using the combination of radiating slot and higher order mode techniques is employed to increase the number of resonances of a single RDRA. Multiple radiating modes are implemented to achieve three resonance bands 1.8, 2.6 and 3.4 GHz. The triple resonances are created simultaneously due to resonant modes of radiating rectangular ring slot feed coupled together with $$TE_{111}^{x}$$ and $$TE_{131}^{x}$$ modes of RDRA. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the triple resonances characteristics and to obtain optimal design parameters. The obtained optimized design is fabricated and validated experimentally. Impedance bandwidth (|S11| < − 6 dB) of 70% is achieved, fulfilling the broad coverage of LTE-time division duplex bands of (33–43). The measured return loss and radiation pattern are in good agreement with the simulated results.

Investigation of microstrip‐fed low‐profile broadband circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antennas

AbstractA microstrip‐fed low‐profile broadband circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) suitable for WLAN applications based on IEEE 802.11.a standards was designed and tested. In addition, a new iterative method for the estimation of resonance frequency with the consideration of the effect of the substrate was investigated in this article. The RDRA exhibits broadband and circular polarization (CP) by utilizing the asymmetrical offset feeding mechanism to excite two orthogonal degenerate modes ( and ). The RDRA provides the impedance bandwidths (|S11| &lt; −10 dB) of 10.2% and the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth (AR &lt; 3 dB) of 1.8%. Good agreements between the simulated and measured results have been obtained.

Circularly polarized rectangular DRA coupled through orthogonal slot excited with microstrip circular ring feeding structure for Wi-MAX applications

In this article, a wideband circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) coupled through orthogonal slots and excited with a new microstrip circular ring has been investigated. Circular polarization has been achieved by using plus shaped (+) slot on the ground plane and excited through a new microstrip circular ring feed. TE11δ mode has been excited in the RDRA which has been confirmed through the distribution of E-field and dielectric waveguide model (DWM) method of RDRA. Circularly polarized (CP) RDRA offering measured −10 dB input impedance bandwidth of 20.79% (centered at 3.27 GHz) and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth in broadside direction of 12.09% (centered at 3.39 GHz), respectively. From the CP radiation pattern, proposed design confirms that right-handed CP (RHCP) in broadside direction. The difference between RHCP field and left-handed CP (LHCP) field are above −26 dB in operational band. In addition, the proposed CP antenna offers stable gain and radiation efficiency in working bands and it is suitable for IEEE 802.16e/d Wi-MAX (3.3-3.7 GHz) band.

Compact Laterally Radiating Dielectric Resonator Antenna With Small Ground Plane

A unilateral probe-fed rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a very small ground plane is investigated. The small ground plane simultaneously works as an excitation patch that excites the fundamental TE111 mode of the DRA, which is an equivalent magnetic dipole. By combining this equivalent magnetic dipole and the electric dipole of the probe, a lateral radiation pattern can be obtained. This complementary antenna has the same E- and H-Planes patterns with low back radiation. Moreover, the cardioid-shaped pattern can be easily steered in the horizontal plane by changing the angular position of the patch (ground). To verify the idea, a prototype operating in 3.5-GHz long term evolution band (3.4–3.6 GHz) was fabricated and measured, with reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results obtained. It is found that the measured 15-dB front-to-back-ratio bandwidth is 10.9%.

Single-Feed Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna for CNSS Applications

A cross-slot-coupled dual-band circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) with a small frequency ratio (1.23) based on compass navigation satellite system (CNSS) applications is designed, fabricated, and measured. The RDRA is excited to resonate at two pairs of near-degenerate orthogonal modes of TE111 and TE113, and a cross slot is introduced to simultaneously achieve dual-band right-hand circular polarization. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 11.4% and 8.4%, 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidths of 2.1% and 2.2%, and antenna gains of over 5.4 and 4.3 dBic are obtained for CNSS B3 and B1 bands, respectively. Reasonable consistency is achieved between measured and simulated results of reflection coefficients, ARs, and radiation patterns.

High Gain Multiband Stacked DRA for WiMax and WLAN Applications

Dielectric resonator antennas find widespread applications in high speed wireless systems because of low loss, compact size and light weight. In this study, performance of a multiband Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) with higher gain and improved radiation efficiency for 3.8 GHz band Wi-Max, fixed point satellite links and 4.8GHz band 5G services and 5GHz wireless networks is presented. The proposed design consists of stacked rectangular dielectric resonator fed by a microstrip line placed above grounded Arlon substrate. Simulation results of the proposed DRA shows dualband operation from 3.65 to 4.45GHz and 4.7 to 5.6GHz with impedance bandwidth of 20.25 and 17.47% respectively. The gain and directivity of the DRA is 8.22 and 8.17dB respectively.

Low‐profile quad‐band perforated rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for wireless communications

A novel low-profile, high-efficiency quad-band perforated rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) for wireless communication applications has been introduced. The quad-band perforated RDRA consists of a single dielectric sheet virtually divided into four sections. The perforation technique is used to alter the dielectric constant of each section. The effective dielectric constant is changed according to the perforation radii and their separation distances. The quad-band RDRA is made of four blocks of different materials. An investigation of the radiation characteristics of the quad-band perforated RDRA has been introduced. Two quad-band perforated RDRA array elements are introduced for multiple-input–multiple-output applications. The effect of separation distances between the array elements for two different array arrangements has been studied. Cutting slots in the ground plane is employed to minimise the mutual coupling between the perforated RDRA array elements. The antenna structure is designed and analysed using the finite-integration technique, and confirmed using the finite-element technique.

A new dual-mode wideband circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna coupled with stubs and asymmetric ground plane for WiMAX applications

In this article, a new radiating stub microstrip feed has been investigated with asymmetrical ground plane for generation of circular polarization (CP) in a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). Here, asymmetrical ground plane and 3 radiating stubs with microstrip feed line are used for generation of 2 different modes namely TE11δ and TE12δ in rectangular DRA. By using mode matching concepts, these modes are responsible for enhancing the impedance bandwidth (TE12δ ie, and ) and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth (TE11δ ie, and ) in proposed antenna. Designed antenna offers measured input impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −10 dB) and AR bandwidth (AR < 3-dB) of 44.78%, ranging from 4.6 to 6.9 GHz and 23.32%, ranging from 4.6 to 6.9 GHz, respectively. It has been observed that proposed antenna shows left-handed CP fields in boresight direction with average gain of 3.15 dBic and radiation efficiency of 90.54%. Designed antenna is suitable for Wi-MAX (3.3-3.7 GHz) applications.

Microstrip Line Fed Wideband Circularly-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for Microwave Image Sensing

A high-gain circularly-polarized (CP) wideband rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array, fed by microstrip lines, has been proposed for microwave image sensing. Initially, two orthogonal microstrip lines have been used to feed a single element DRA for obtaining circular polarization. A four element linear array has been conceived with such CP-DRA for obtaining higher directive gain, as well as circular polarization. Both single element DRA and four elements DRA array have been fabricated with Arlon AD270 substrate and Emerson & Cuming make Eccostock HIK materials. A 17 (6.2-7.35 GHz) measured impedance bandwidth and 10 (6.26.85 GHz) measured axial-ratio have been noticed for the proposed DRA array. The peak gain of the proposed DRA array varies between 12.113.6dBi over the entire axial-ratio bandwidth with a maximum gain of 13.6dBi. The simulated and measured results show good agreement.

Double stub microstrip fed two element Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for multiband operation

This article presents a design of multiband Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (RDRA) using two elements with different aspect ratio. The proposed DRA is excited by means of micro-strip feedline with double stubs which not only improves the bandwidth of each band but also achieves good impedance matching. The proposed DRA operates at “C” band, “WLAN” and “X” band frequencies and yields wide bandwidth of about 6.5%, 13.5% and 17.4% respectively. Two Rectangular DRs of completely different aspect ratio and double stub microstrip feeding achieve this multiband operation. The designed antenna is very compact and has a volume of 1737mm3 only. It provides stable radiation patterns in all the three bands and has a maximum gain of 6.35dBi with radiation efficiency of more than 82% over the operating band of frequencies. The proposed antenna has been studied, analyzed and optimized using Ansoft HFSS simulation software. The designed antenna is fabricated, tested and compared with other multiband designs. Good agreement is achieved between simulated and measured ones.