Recreational Nature Management Research Articles

RECREATIONAL NATURE USE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: PRINCIPLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC TOOLS

Topicality. In the context of sustainable development as the leading concept of the modern stage of human development, in particular ecological, economic and related social aspects, there are contradictions of various nature in different economic sectors and social spheres. In case of social exacerbation, these contradictions turn into a conflict form, namely in the form of environmental, including natural-resource and other conflicts. Their timely resolution is one of the requirements of national and, in particular, environmental safety. In the sphere of recreational nature management, the issues of contradictions and conflicts are certainly relevant and need improvement both from a theoretical point of view and in terms of formation of organizational-economic instruments for resolving relevant conflict situations. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to summarize and analyze the provisions that underlie the formation of principles and instruments for managing recreational nature use in the context of resolving the contradictions of sustainable development. Research results. The article deals with the methodological principles of nature management research (as a key category for understanding the contradictions of sustainable development), namely: the principle of genetic unity of nature and society, the principle of mediating the role of social production in the relationship "society - nature", the principle of nature reproduction. Theoretical provisions on ecological contradictions and conflicts, in particular regarding recreational nature use, are generalized. The classification of instruments for resolving the contradictions of ecologically sustainable development (both in general and in certain ecological-economic sphere, in particular, recreational use of nature) is proposed, namely: economic (financial-credit: subsidies, grants, preferential credits; preferential and discriminatory taxation of services and products, and the use of resources; environmental insurance; payments for pollution and nature use; accelerated depreciation of environmental funds; price instruments), administrative (decisions of territorial bodies, departmental prohibitions; regulatory framework, in particular, limits on pollution and use of resources, etc.; environmental audit and expertise; environmental monitoring; environmental and natural resource target programs; permits and licenses for any kind of environmental activity; instruments for resolving natural resource conflicts), social and psychological (promoting non-monetary forms of the market; environmental education and training; public pressure; environmental consulting; resolving environmental conflicts) and organizational. Conclusion. In the paper theoretical views that reveal the essence of recreational nature use in the context of contradictions of sustainable ecological and economic development are generalized. The principles of analysis of contradictions related to the methodology of nature use in its extended and narrow interpretations are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the fact that, in the aggravated state, ecological and economic contradictions become ecological conflicts. In the example of the Black Sea region, environmental conflicts related to tourism and recreation are actualized; positive is the fact that their share in the structure of all ten kinds of environmental conflicts is negligible. The classification of organizational-economic instruments for resolving the contradictions of sustainable development, which are adapted to the sphere of recreational nature use, in which, in particular, along with the traditional economic management instruments, are presented organizational and socio-psychological tools for resolving environmental conflicts.

Mapping and monitoring recreational disturbance of the territory for the recreational nature management

Recreational nature management becomes vital in the context of continuously developing recreation. Regulation of recreational impact and control of acceptable changes in natural territorial complexes (landscapes) due to recreation is one of the main tasks of recreational nature management. The paper considers the approach to the analysis of the interaction of recreation and landscape based on a landscape-dynamic concept, as well as the method of mapping and monitoring recreational disturbance of the territory for managing recreational use of natural protected areas. We analyze the experience of monitoring recreational disturbance of the test area (Schuchye Lake Natural Reserve, Saint-Petersburg) during 2008 - 2019 years. There is a relationship of the distribution of recreants with landscape structure of the territory, namely, with the features of landscape sites and long-term states of landscapes. We have revealed a decrease in recreational disturbance despite an increase in the number of recreants. Positive dynamics is due to both the restriction of vehicle access to the coast of the lake and providing the territory with the special places for rest. We give recommendations for making priority management decisions related to the development of recreation in the studied area. Further attention should be focused on controlling the most attractive and vulnerable areas, especially complexes of sand hills near the lake coast.

Prospects for the rational use of water bodies of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia in the tourism sector

The purpose of the article is to show that it is economically viable and environmentally sound to use the water resources of the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) of Russia as a matrix for the development of tourism and recreational facilities in the region. Such specialization corresponds to the peculiarities of a very vulnerable northern nature and modern conditions when the sphere of recreational nature management and the market for services are actively developing all over the world. A large number of water bodies, unique monuments of natural and cultural heritage are located on the territory of the NWFD, which determines the possibilities of combining these resources in projects of recreational nature management. According to the authors of the article, the most promising resources are prehistoric monuments, including stone sculptures, structures and revered stones of different genesis and age. However, these objects are the least studied and protected. There are several problematic issues, which are related to the study, conservation and rational use of megalithic objects located on the region’s water and water routes. We consider the possibilities of researching such objects as the simplest astronomical tools of the Stone Age, list the main directions and research methods, and give some specific examples.

Development of the legal framework of recreational nature management in Russia

The article traces the history of the development of legal legislation related to the recreational development of the territory. Five stages of formation are considered. For each stage the types of recreational areas are characterized. These types are reflected in the regulatory legal acts of each time period. Recreational nature management takes a significant place in the structure of nature management in Russia. It's modern regulatory and legal framework is analyzed in particular. The study revealed the main problems of involving territories in the recreational sphere from the standpoint of the main normative documents — the codes of the Russian Federation: Land, Water, Forest and Town-planning and Federal laws supplementing them. The analysis of the current legislation and the terminology used in it provides the basis for the correlation of recreational nature management with five categories of land: forest lands, agricultural lands, water resources, build-up areas (settlements) and lands of specially protected areas and objects. The necessity of integration of the concepts of «cultural landscape», «landscape planning» and «landscape plan» in the legal field with the aim of streamlining the process of planning and design of recreational areas and synchronization of the legislation in the sphere of recreational nature management is suggested in the article.

Substantive features of the system of the sustainable recreational nature use on rural territories in Ukraine

In the article key characteristics of the system of the sustainable recreational natural resource management in rural areas of Ukraine are substantiated. The aim is to increase the efficiency of the natural recreational resources use taking into account social and ecological functions of the recreation enterprises. Recreational nature management is defined as an economic activity aimed at the rational use of natural recreational resources providing health and recreational services. It carries out a number of economic, social and environmental functions, which play an important role in improving the quality of life of people and contribute to the sustainable development’ goals. It is substantiated that recreational nature management is closely connected with recreational and tourist areas, which became integral parts of the economy of many countries of the world. Demand for recreation and tourism services is constantly increasing due to globalization, socio-economic and technological factors, which actualizes the need to develop comprehensive measures aimed at preserving and restoring recreational resources, their rational and efficient use. In this context, the main strategic goals of tourism and recreation development in rural areas and components of the sustainable recreational nature management system are determined. The expediency of providing an effective interaction of the developed system levels (like organizational, financial, economic, legal, information and communication, etc.) is underlined. Indicators of the sustainable recreational nature management system’s efficiency are determined and the relevance of further scientific researches on the development of mechanisms to meet interests of various stakeholders is proved.

Blocchine Technology in the Analysis of Sectoral Information for the Purpose of Regulating Anthropogenic Load on Special Protection Natural Areas

In order to regulate the relations between the issues related to environmental protection and the development of the tourism industry, a system of methods for organizing rational recreational nature management is needed, taking into account the specific nature of conservation of natural biocoenosis, based on a well-founded conceptual apparatus, as well as a system of classifications and regulations that make maximal use of available potential and whichsimultaneously, does not allow the depletion and loss of biodiversity.

Assessment of Anthropogenic Activities on the Tourism and Recreation Territory of Olkhon Island (Irkutsk Region, Russia)

The article presents the current state of recreational nature management on the territory of Olkhon Island and gives estimation of the recreational load on natural complexes and vegetation cover digression in 15 key areas within the Olkhon region.

Improvement of Tools for Government Regulation of Tourist Activity Based on Analysis of Simplicial Complexes

The main aim of this research is conditioned by the need to improve efficiency of tourism in the context of economic modernization, which can lay the groundwork for sustainable development of both regions and the country. This is to be achieved using government regulation and support tools for sustainable development of tourist activity. The purpose of the article is to improve the existing tools for government regulation of tourist activity in the Russian Federation. The proposed method to investigate the problem is to analyze simplicial complexes of q-connectivity, which has allowed the authors to consider the structure of tools for government regulation of tourist activity and to identify their features and limitations. Because of the research, control elements of the structure of tools for government regulation of tourist activity have been identified, including: regulations to ensure safety of tourists and holidaymakers at resorts, advertising tourism opportunities, transportation of tourist flows, coordination with environmental institutions, and recreational nature management. The research has proved inconsistency of the existing structure of tools for government regulation of tourist activity, and, consequently, the need for its improvement based on sustainable development principles.

«GREEN» INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY OF RECREATIONAL NATURE USE

The purpose of the article is to identify environmental risks and economic problems of the formation of the national ecological network and development directions of “green” tourism in the recreational and protected areas in the context of the transition to sustainable development. Methodology. The abstract-logical method (in the process of theoretical generalizations and the formation of conclusions); methods of statistical, structural, and factor analysis (in the process of studying the structure and dynamics of the development of ecological networks); empirical research methods (comparison) are used. In preparing the article, the authors analysed the works of scientists, which reflect approaches to the definition of the role of ecological networks, the natural potential of recreational areas in the transition to sustainable development. Changes in nature are evaluated through indicators of the dynamics of areas of the nature reserve fund, which form the national ecological network. Results. According to the results of the study, it is determined that the area of Ukrainian land belonging to the components of the national ecological network increased by 201.3 thousand hectares in comparison with 2000, but since 2014 this area has decreased by 0.6 thousand hectares. The area of forests and forest cover area increased by 2.8 thousand hectares, and the area of grassland and pasture fell by 7.8 thousand hectares. There is a tendency to increase the area of arable land, since 2014 it has increased by 15.8 thousand hectares and is 32541.3 thousand hectares. Compared to 2014, the area of land under open development, quarries, mines, and related structures (157.1 thousand hectares) has increased by 0.8 thousand hectares and the land area used for transport and communication (496.8 thousand hectares) has increased (by 0.1 thousand hectares). In 2016, 32.5 billion UAH were spent on the protection of the environment by enterprises, organizations, and institutions of Ukraine, and in 2015 – 24.6 billion UAH respectively. Practical implications. The necessity of elaboration of regional measures to develop “green infrastructure” of ecosystem services is determined. In the regions of Ukraine, it is necessary to develop balanced approaches to the use of the potential of nature conservation area of tourist nature use, international experience of implementing cross-border tourism projects in the Carpathian National Nature Park, and to form integrated investment regional tourism projects of ecological orientation. State policy in the field of recreational nature management should regulate the development of recreation and tourism sphere, first of all, in view of compliance with the requirements of ecologically balanced use of natural resources and ecologically balanced development of territories. The introduction of green tourism development lines will have a positive effect on the formation of ecological networks. Particularly, these measures are necessary to find additional investments for environmental protection measures and the development of ecological networks in Ukraine. Value/originality. In regions of Ukraine, it is necessary to begin work on the creation of a network of hiking and cycle routes in nature protection recreational territories and in regional nature parks. Their operation will enable the development of ecological networks, green tourism, and ecological areas of hospitality in the country.

Рекреационное природопользование и туризм в планах нового освоения Севера России

Рекреационное природопользование и туризм в планах нового освоения Севера России

METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF IMPLEMENTATION DIFFERENT PROPERTY FORMS ON NATURAL RECREATIONAL RESOURCES

It is defined the essence of the ownership forms on natural recreational resources as a certain level of the subject's independence in the management and organization of appropriation of natural reactionary objects and the level of access restriction other entities to management and appropriation of income and losses from recreational nature management. The methodological approach to determining the ownership forms on recreational natural resources concludes that the land acts as a spatial basis for the allocation of all natural resources, including recreational ones, therefore the forms of ownership of recreational resources are mainly determined by the forms of ownership of land objects; through the ownership on land, economic relations of ownership of recreational natural resources are manifested. Justified socio-economic and environmental preconditions for the variety ownership forms formation on natural resources such as the lack of objective conformity of the productive forces in the economics of environmental to the economic relations of state ownership of natural reactionary resources; the contradiction of economic interests between the property on the main means of production and the natural factors of production at enterprises of the recreational sphere; lack of necessary material and financial resources for rational recreational use of the state: protection of degraded natural recreational resources, introduction of potential recreational resources into economic circulation; implementation of social programs for the improvement of human rights; creation of new jobs and general growth of macroeconomic indicators and others. The principles of determining the concrete form of ownership for a particular natural recreational resource, among which the main are minimization of the loss from use, maximization of the received income; optimization of material and financial resources in the process of use, protection, restoration and reproduction are considered. The main criteria for changing the forms and subjects of natural resources ownership are distinguished: the marginal cost of maintaining, using, introducing the natural recreational resource into economic circulation is higher than the marginal economic and ecological income obtained from the usage and introduction the natural resource into economic turnover; the marginal cost of maintaining, using, introducing a natural resource into economic circulation is higher than the marginal socio-ecological results of state investment in other areas of the national economy (education, health care, culture, etc.) is higher than that of a given natural resource; alternative ownership improves economic and environmental parameters of natural resources and so on.

Landscape-geographical model of ecological passport of basin system of Ozertse lake (Volyn Polissia)

Purpose. To substantiate the features of the landscape-geographic model of the ecological passport of the lake basin for the needs of preserved and recreational nature management. The article is focused on the acute need in development of ecological passports of local environmentally protected sites for formation of a regional inventory of nature reserve fund. The concept of a natural aquatic complex (NAC) of the lake, a lake-basin system (LBS) served as a methodological basis of the proposed work. The research is based on the methods of field instrumental landscape-limnological searches with the use of laboratory diagnostics of soil samples of the catchment and bottom sediments of the lake, and the landscape-based analysis of the LBS. The results of the study are presented in the form of landscape models of NAC of Ozertse lake and the natural territorial complexes (NTC) of the catchment. Landscape complexes of the rank of a tract and aquatic facies are allocated in the OBS of Ozertse lake. The geochemical features of the bottom sediments of the water body on the example of one of the points of sounding, hydrological and morphologic-morphometric parameters of NAC of the lake and its catchment, and the landscape-metric characteristics of the integrated lake-basin system are analysed. Conclusions. The developed landscape-geographic model of the lake basin system will be a base for the ecological passport of Ozertse lake. Ecological passports of such type are needed for ecological, tourist-recreational, water management and land reclamation institutions and establishments, as well as for the newly formed united territorial communities.

ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ТА КОНСТРУКТИВНО-ГЕОГРАФІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ЛІСОРЕКРЕАЦІЙНОГО ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ РІВНЕНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

The article examines the features of forest recreational nature management in Rivne region. The distribution of recreational- curative forests by forestry enterprises is considered. Recreational- curative forests are unevenly distributed throughout the region. The largest concentration of such forests is near cities. The main reason for this distribution of forests is the orientation of forest recreation on consumers. Forest recreation in the Rivne region is carried out mainly by state farms, which are subordinated to the Rivne Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting. The article describes the recreational infrastructure of forestry in the region. The list of services for vacationers is given. Indicators of permissible recreational pressure for recreational- curative forests, as well as indicators of maximum permissible recreational pressure are calculated. The assessment of forest-recreational activity and recreational capacity of recreational-curative forests of Rivne region within all forestry enterprises was carried out. In addition to the traditional characteristics of recreational forests, the results of their comprehensive sanitary and ecological assessment are presented. Comparison of indicators of forest-recreational activity of the population and sanitary-ecological condition of forests allowed to draw conclusions about the need to strengthen radiation and fire-fighting measures in some forestries (in Zarichne, Dubrovytsia, Volodymyrets). Important problems and prospects for the development of forest recreation have been identified. Priority forestries have been established for the creation of recreational and tourist infrastructure (Ostroh, Dubnivske, Mlynivske and others). As a result of the study it was found that areas of Rivne region with high forest recreational activity of the population often have a relatively unfavorable sanitary and ecological condition of forests, which indicates the need for additional environmental measures within them.

Перспективні аспекти оптимізації рекреаційного природокористування в межах Приудайського аквально-терального рекреаційного комплексу

Перспективні аспекти оптимізації рекреаційного природокористування в межах Приудайського аквально-терального рекреаційного комплексу

Recreational nature management as a factor for sustainable development of Russian Arctic Regions

We examine the current issues related to the promotion and development of recreation and international tourism in the Arctic. An analysis is made of foreign experience of recreational nature management, and of the socioeconomic role played by the promotion of the tourist-recreational sphere in polar latitudes under current climate and landscape change. The specific character of the organization of international tourism in the Russian sector of the Arctic is demonstrated having regard to the enhanced interest in the Arctic regions, and to an increase in the volume of cruise tourism and in anthropogenic pressure on polar landscapes. We present the results from an expert examination of recreational nature management in the key areas of the Russian polar protected natural territories which hold promise for the development of arctic tourism, such as the Khibiny and Franz Josef Land National Parks, the Putoranskii State Nature Reserve, the Beringia National Park as well as the area of Russian settlements of the Spitsbergen archipelago, and some areas of Polar Ural. We discuss the reasons behind inadequate development of the tourism resources of Russia’s Arctic sector and the transport infrastructure to ease accessibility to the polar regions. Expert analysis revealed the leading factors that are responsible for the negative influences of tourism on the environment of the Arctic. The issues related to determination of an optimal recreational carrying capacity of the insular and mainland territories are considered. We highlight the need for a scientific accompaniment of nature management projects in the Arctic, and the role of international programs of tourist-recreational promotion for purposes of sustainable development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation. A package of tasks to be solved for tourism development of the water areas and territories in the Russian sector of the Arctic is outlined.

Проблемы и перспективы организации устойчивого рекреационного природополь-зования в малой излучине Дона на примере реки Большая Голубая

Проблемы и перспективы организации устойчивого рекреационного природополь-зования в малой излучине Дона на примере реки Большая Голубая