Recovery Research Articles

Physiological and Perceptual Effects of a Cooling Garment During Simulated Industrial Work in the Heat

Work in the heat increases physiological strain, especially when clothing limits heat dissipation. Using phase change cooling garments (CG) to mitigate core temperature rise may reduce physiological strain and prevent heat illness. PURPOSE: Evaluate the physiological and perceptual effects of using a phase change CG while conducting simulated industrial work in the heat. METHODS: Male participants (n=20, age 25 ± 4 y, ht 1.79 ± 0.08 m, body mass 75.0 ± 10.7 kg, body fat 13.6 ± 5.2%) wearing compression undergarments, coverall suit, gloves, and hard-hat to mimic industry clothing, completed two randomly assigned trials in an environmental chamber (34.2 ± 0.05°C, 54.7 ± 0.3%RH). Trials consisted of two 20 min work bouts (W1 and W2; separated by five min seated rest) and involved treadmill walking, lifting and moving boxes, tests of dexterity, and carrying dumbbells over steps. A final performance (PER) bout (maximum number of repetitions in 15 min of box moving, dexterity tests, and carrying dumbbells over steps) was followed by 10 min of recovery (REC). Phase change inserts (10°C) were added to the compression undergarment during the CG trial after baseline measures and replaced pre-PER, while the control (CON) trial included no inserts. Physiological and perceptual measures were recorded post W1, W2, and PER, and at three and 10 min of REC. Heat storage (HS) was also calculated. RESULTS: Rectal temperature was different at 3 min (CON 38.78 ± 0.38°C, CG 38.52 ± 0.39°C, P=0.003) and 10 min (CON 38.72 ± 0.37°C, CG 38.36 ± 0.40°C, P<0.001) of REC. Heart rate was lower in the CG trial (P<0.05) post-W2, pre-PER, and at 3 min and 10 min REC (CON 118 ± 13, CG 100 ± 12 bpm, P<0.001). Skin temperature was reduced with CG from post W1 (P<0.001) through 10 min REC (CON 36.9 ± 0.6°C, CG 32.9 ± 1.2°C, P<0.001). HS was reduced with CG (27.0 ± 7.6W·m-2) compared to CON (42.7 ± 9.9W·m-2, P<0.001). Rating of perceived exertion was decreased with CG from W2 (P=0.04) through 10 min REC (P=0.004). PER repetitions were not different between trials (CON 5.6 ± 1.1, CG 5.8 ± 1.1, P=0.10). CONCLUSION: The data indicated that the cooling intervention attenuated thermal, physiological, and perceptual strain during work in the heat. This CG could increase safety, facilitate performance, and reduce heat illness risk in occupational settings. Funded by PreventaMed, Inc.

Experimental Study of a Novel Rapid Pressure-Swing Adsorption Based Medical Oxygen Concentrator: Effect of the Adsorbent Selectivity of N2 over O2

It was experimentally demonstrated that the performance of a medical oxygen concentrator based on rapid pressure swing adsorption (RPSA) process using a LiLSX zeolite was improved [lower bed size factor (BSF) and higher oxygen recovery (RO)] when the adsorbent exhibited higher selectivity of adsorption of N2 over O2. The effects of N2 selectivity on BSF and RO as functions of the RPSA process cycle times were found to be complex and nonintuitive. The key properties of a LiLSX zeolite sample for adsorption of N2 and O2 (pure and binary gas isotherms, binary selectivity, pure gas isosteric heats, pure gas mass-transfer characteristics, and degrees of adsorbent heterogeneity), which exhibited a relatively higher selectivity of adsorption for N2 over O2 compared to a previously reported sample, were measured and used in this study.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Tea Plant Responding to Drought Stress and Recovery.

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is an economically important beverage crop. Drought stress (DS) seriously limits the growth and development of tea plant, thus affecting crop yield and quality. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of tea plant responding to DS, we performed transcriptomic analysis of tea plant during the three stages [control (CK) and during DS, and recovery (RC) after DS] using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Totally 378.08 million high-quality trimmed reads were obtained and assembled into 59,674 unigenes, which were extensively annotated. There were 5,955 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the three stages. Among them, 3,948 and 1,673 DEGs were up-regulated under DS and RC, respectively. RNA-Seq data were further confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. Genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling were generally up-regulated under DS and down-regulated during RC. Tea plant potentially used an exchange pathway for biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid under DS. IAA signaling was possibly decreased under DS but increased after RC. Genes encoding enzymes involved in cytokinin synthesis were up-regulated under DS, but down-regulated during RC. It seemed probable that cytokinin signaling was slightly enhanced under DS. In total, 762 and 950 protein kinases belonging to 26 families were differentially expressed during DS and RC, respectively. Overall, 547 and 604 transcription factor (TF) genes belonging to 58 families were induced in the DS vs. CK and RC vs. DS libraries, respectively. Most members of the 12 TF families were up-regulated under DS. Under DS, genes related to starch synthesis were down-regulated, while those related to starch decomposition were up-regulated. Mannitol, trehalose and sucrose synthesis-related genes were up-regulated under DS. Proline was probably mainly biosynthesized from glutamate under DS and RC. The mechanism by which ABA regulated stomatal movement under DS and RC was partly clarified. These results document the global and novel responses of tea plant during DS and RC. These data will serve as a valuable resource for drought-tolerance research and will be useful for breeding drought-resistant tea cultivars.

Dobutamine-stress echocardiography speckle-tracking imaging in the assessment of hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenosis in patients with moderate and high probability of coronary artery disease

Background and objectiveMyocardial deformation indices are considered as sensitive markers of ischemia and may be useful in the quantification of hemodynamic significance of coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to determine the diagnostic value of speckle-tracking echocardiography derived myocardial deformation parameters at rest and during stress to determine hemodynamically significance coronary artery stenosis in patients with moderate and high probability of CAD. Materials and methodsIn 81 patients (mean age, 64±8.6 years) with stable CAD inducible myocardial ischemia was evaluated by dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) and adenosine magnetic resonance imaging (AMRI). Based on AMRI patients were divided into two groups: nonpathologic (n=41) and pathologic (n=40). Strain and strain rate (SR) parameters and their changes from the rest (BASE) to low stress (MIN), peak stress (MAX), and recovery (REC) were analyzed using 2D speckle-tracking imaging (STI). ResultsIn the nonpathologic group, systolic longitudinal and circumferential strain increased significantly from BASE to MIN, as well as systolic SR from BASE to MIN and from MIN to MAX in longitudinal plane. In contrast, in the pathologic group, insignificant longitudinal systolic SR increase and radial and circumferential systolic SR decrease from MIN to MAX was observed. Discriminant function analysis revealed that select STI derived parameters best classify patients into predefined AMRI groups (pathologic and nonpathologic) with the accuracy respectively 90.9% and 83.3%. According to ROC analysis these myocardial deformation parameters had the greatest predictive value of significant coronary artery stenoses: longitudinal strain at high dose (AUC 0.811, sensitivity 89.4%, specificity 64.7%), longitudinal strain rate at high dose (AUC 0.855, sensitivity 88.1%, specificity 71.0% at high doses). The sensitivity and specificity of inducible wall motion abnormalities were 74.0% and 85.0% (AUC 0.798) and was lower compared with the diagnostic value of longitudinal myocardial deformation parameters. ConclusionsLeft ventricular strain and strain rate analyses during DSE can be used in the assessment of hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenosis in patients with moderate and high risk for CAD.

교통사고로 유발된 치골골절 환자의 골반통 치험1례

ABSTRACT Case Report of a Pelvic Pain Patient with Pubic Fracture Caused by Traffic AccidentJi-Hyun Lee, Mi-Hwa Song, Chang-Min ChoiDept. of Korean Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology,College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang UniversityObjectives: This study is to report the effectiveness of Korean medical treatment in case of pubic fracture with pelvic pain. Methods: Pubic fracture patient with pelvic pain was treated by Gamigunggwui-tang and acupuncture. This study was evaluated by VAS (visual analogue scale) and radiography. Results: After treatment, VAS of pain decreased and radiography image s howed that fracture is healing. Conclusions: We could prove Korean medical treatment is effective for recov ery of pubic fracture and pelvic pain. Key Words: Pelvic pain, Pubic fracture, Traffic accident, Korean medical treatment, Gamigunggwui-tang 9) Corresponding author(Chang-Min Choi) : Korean Hospital of Won-Kwang University, 1140-23, Hoejae-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju, KoreaTel : 062-670-6437 Fax : 062-670-6767 E-mail : myway7582@hanmail.net

과체 토법을 병용한 돌발성 난청으로 인한 이명 환자 치험 1례

Abstract Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the efficacy of using o riental medical treatment with Melonis Calyx vomiting therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL). Methods : We experienced one case of SSNHL treated with oriental medical treatment(acupuncture, herbal medicine) and Melonis Calyx vomiting therapy(MCVT). MCVT is a traditional treatment, which induces vomiting by eating Melonis Calyx powder with water. To evaluate the results of this treatment, we measured the hearing recovery, decrease of tinnitus and vertigo. The degree of heari ng improvement was evaluated by Siegel’s Criteria. Decrease of tinnitus and vertigo was assessed by Visual Analogu e Scale(VAS). Results : The pure tone 5 frequency average improved by 39㏈(marked recov ery, from 64㏈ to 25㏈). VAS of tinnitus decreased from 10 to 1, and vertigo decreased from 4 t o 0. Conclusions : This study suggests that using MCVT with oriental medical treatment is effective on SSNHL.Key words : Sudden sensorineural hearing loss; SSNHL; Melonis Calyx vomiting therapy; Tinnitus

Effects of Nitrogen Rates on Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium Partitioning, Accumulation, and Use Efficiency in Seepage-irrigated Fresh Market Tomatoes

Florida had the largest fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in the United States, with a value of $437 million and 13,355 ha harvested in 2014. Despite the development of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) fertilizer recommendations, tomato growers often use fertilizer rates above the recommended ones, especially when seepage irrigation is used and a longer growing season is foreseen. If a mass balance of N–P–K partitioning could be made in field conditions, a better understanding of nutrition applications could be reached. Therefore, a field study was conducted on seepage-irrigated tomato on a commercial farm in southwest Florida, during the spring and winter season of 2006 to evaluate the nitrogen (N) rate and season effects on tomato plant growth, fruit yield, N, phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) accumulation and use efficiency. The UF/IFAS N-recommended rate (224 kg·ha−1) was compared with a commercial grower (CG) rate (358 kg·ha−1). Both N rates were incorporated at bedding with 61 and 553 kg·ha−1 of P and K, respectively. Fruit yield and plant growth were measured and roots, stems, leaves, and fruit samples were analyzed to determine total N, P, and K content and accumulation in different plant parts. Nutrient recovery (REC) and the partial factor of productivity of applied nutrients (PFP) were calculated for each N rate. In the spring, 120 days after transplanting, plants dry biomass was 11.5% higher (P = 0.01) in the CG N rate than with UF/IFAS N rate, while no significant differences were observed in the winter season. In the spring, N, P, and K accumulation were 250, 56, and 285 kg·ha−1 in plants grown with CG N rate and were significantly lower (23%, 5%, and 23%, respectively) with the UF/IFAS N rate, respectively. In the winter, total N accumulation was 231 kg·ha−1 in plants fertilized at CG N rate and significantly lower (16%) with the UF/IFAS N rate. N rate did not significantly affect P and K accumulation, which were on average 64 and 312 kg·ha−1, respectively. Marketable fruit yield was significantly higher (P = 0.03) with CG N rate than with UF/IFAS N rate (91.1 vs. 81.5 Mg·ha−1), and was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in the spring than in the winter (100.8 vs. 71.8 Mg·ha−1). The NREC was significantly higher (P = 0.01) with the UF/IFAS N rate than with CG N rate and was not significantly affected (P = 0.94) by seasons. The PFPN was significantly higher (P = 0.001) with the UF/IFAS N-rate than with CG N-rate, and was significantly higher (P = 0.04) in the spring than in the winter season. These results suggest that current UF/IFAS N recommendations are more conservative of N and this should lead to reduced leaching potential but, UF/IFAS recommendations must be season specific due to the difference in environmental conditions of fruit maturation in cooler weather of the winter season compared with a warmer environment of the spring season.

Effect of N-acetylcysteine infusion on exercise-induced modulation of insulin sensitivity and signaling pathways in human skeletal muscle.

-Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in skeletal muscle may play a role in potentiating the beneficial responses to exercise; however, the effects of exercise-induced ROS on insulin action and protein signaling in humans has not been fully elucidated. Seven healthy, recreationally active participants volunteered for this double-blind, randomized, repeated-measures crossover study. Exercise was undertaken with infusion of saline (CON) or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to attenuate ROS. Participants performed two 1-h cycling exercise sessions 7-14 days apart, 55 min at 65% V̇o2peak plus 5 min at 85%V̇o2peak, followed 3 h later by a 2-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (40 mIU·min(-1)·m(2)) to determine insulin sensitivity. Four muscle biopsies were taken on each trial day, at baseline before NAC infusion (BASE), after exercise (EX), after 3-h recovery (REC), and post-insulin clamp (PI). Exercise, ROS, and insulin action on protein phosphorylation were evaluated with immunoblotting. NAC tended to decrease postexercise markers of the ROS/protein carbonylation ratio by -13.5% (P = 0.08) and increase the GSH/GSSG ratio twofold vs. CON (P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity was reduced (-5.9%, P < 0.05) by NAC compared with CON without decreased phosphorylation of Akt or AS160. Whereas p-mTOR was not significantly decreased by NAC after EX or REC, phosphorylation of the downstream protein synthesis target kinase p70S6K was blunted by 48% at PI with NAC compared with CON (P < 0.05). We conclude that NAC infusion attenuated muscle ROS and postexercise insulin sensitivity independent of Akt signaling. ROS also played a role in normal p70S6K phosphorylation in response to insulin stimulation in human skeletal muscle.

EEG topography during sleep inertia upon awakening after a period of increased homeostatic sleep pressure

ObjectiveBehavioral and physiological indexes of high sleep inertia (SI) characterize the awakening from recovery (REC) sleep after prolonged wakefulness, but the associated electroencephalogram (EEG) topography has never been investigated. Here, we compare the EEG topography following the awakening from baseline (BSL) and REC sleep. MethodsWe have recorded the EEG waking activity of 26 healthy subjects immediately after the awakening from BSL sleep and from REC sleep following 40 h of prolonged wakefulness. In both BSL and REC conditions, 12 subjects were awakened from stage 2 sleep, and 14 subjects from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The full-scalp waking EEG (eyes closed) was recorded after all awakenings. ResultsSubjects awakened from REC sleep showed a reduction of fronto-central alpha and beta-1 activities, while no significant effects of the sleep stage of awakening have been observed. Positive correlations between pre- and post-awakening EEG modifications following REC sleep have been found in the posterior and lateral cortices in the frequency ranges from theta to beta-2 and (only for REM awakenings) extending to the fronto-central regions in the beta-1 band, and in the midline central and parietal derivations for the alpha and delta bands, respectively. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the higher SI after REC sleep may be due to the fronto-central decrease of alpha and beta-1 activity and to the persistence of the sleep EEG features after awakening in the posterior, lateral, and fronto-central cortices, without influences of the sleep stage of awakening.

금융회사 단말PC 재해복구 효율에 관한 연구

ABSTRACT Financial companies have invested a lot in their disaster recov ery system and exercised training more than once a year to comply related laws and regulations. But massive PCs(Personal C omputers) became disrupted simultaneously and it took a lot of time to recover massive PCs concurrently when March 20 cyber attack occurred. So, it was impossible to meet the tartgeted business continuity level. It was because the importance of PC recovery was neglected compared to other disaster recovery areas.This study suggests the measure to recover massive branch termi nal PCs of financial companies simultaneously in cost-effective way utilizing the existing technology and tests recovery time. It means that in the event of disaster financial companies could recover branch terminal PCs in 3 hours which is recommended recovery time by regulatory body. Other financial companies operating similar type and volume of branches would refer to the recovery structure and method proposed by this study.Keywords: Terminal, PC, desktop, disaster, recovery, cyber attack, malco de, APT, BCP, DRP

Comparison of conventional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry versus microflow liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry within the framework of full method validation for simultaneous quantification of 40 antidepressants and neuroleptics in whole blood

Microflow liquid chromatography (MFLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is claimed to improve analysis throughput, reduce matrix effects and lower mobile phase consumption. This statement was checked within the framework of method validation of a multi-analyte procedure in clinical and forensic toxicology employing MFLC–MS/MS and conventional LC–MS/MS. 200μL whole blood were spiked with 50μL internal standard mixture and extracted by protein precipitation. The concentrated extract was separated into two vials. One was analyzed using a Thermo Fisher Ultimate liquid chromatography system coupled to an ABSciex 5500 QTrap mass spectrometer (LC–MS/MS) and one by an ABSciex Eksigent Microflow LC system coupled to an ABSciex 4500 linear ion trap quadrupole MS (MFLC–MS/MS). Both methods were fully validated and compared in terms of selectivity, stability, limits, calibration model, recovery (RE), matrix effects (ME), bias, imprecision and beta tolerance interval for 40 antidepressants and neuroleptics including 9 metabolites. Both methods had comparable LODs, LOQs and calibration models with some exceptions. The MFLC system showed slightly higher coefficients of variation (CVs) in the RE experiments. ME were reproducible in both systems but with lower CVs in the conventional LC system. Acceptance criteria for imprecision and bias were fulfilled for 32 analytes on the LC and for 28 analytes on the MFLC system. Beta tolerance intervals indicated better reproducibility in terms of narrower intervals for the conventional LC system. The advantages of the MFLC system were low mobile phase consumption, short run time, and better peak separation. The systems were comparable in terms of peak interference, LOD, ME, bias and imprecision. The advantages of the conventional LC system were more data points per peak, linear calibration models, stable retention times and better beta tolerance intervals. Due to higher robustness, the conventional LC system was finally chosen for routine application in forensic toxicology.

The effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on asoccer specific conditioning test in division III soccer players

Objectives: This study investigated the performance enhancing effects of bicarbonate ingestion on soccer specific performance. Design: A randomized and double-blinded study. Methods: Division III collegiate male soccer players (N = 7) participated in the study. Participants ingested either an alkaline treatment (.3 g/kg NaHCO3) or placebo (cornflower) 60 min prior to exercise on two separate testing sessions spaced 7 days apart. Distance to fatigue in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 was used to assess performance. Capillary blood was sampled pre-ingestion (PE), 60 min post ingestion (PI), exhaustion (EX), following 15 min of recovery (RC) and analyzed for lactate ([La–]) and pH. Results: No significant ( p > .05) differences between conditions existed for performance. A significant ( p .05) existed between time and condition. pH values at PE and PI were significantly greater than EX and RC in both conditions; however, pH was significantly ( p < .05) greater at PI than PE in treatment but not placebo. Conclusion: Bicarbonate ingestion increased extracellular buffering capacity but does not appear to enhance shuttle run performance in Division III soccer players. (Journal of Trainology 2015;4:19-24)

Effects of beverages with variable nutrients on rehydration and cognitive function.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CE), lemon tea (LT), and distilled water (DW) on rehydration and cognitive performance after 60 min of moderate exercise. 9 healthy males and 10 eumenorrheic females completed 3 runs in a randomized crossover study design. During the 4-h recovery (REC) period, they consumed either a volume of CE, LT or DW equal to 150% of their body mass (BM) loss during the previous run. The 3 beverages vary in carbohydrate and electrolyte content. A battery of cognitive tests was performed upon arrival, immediately after exercise, and at the end of REC. After the REC, the restoration of BM loss was lower in the DW and LT trials than that in the CE trial in the female participants (CE vs. LT vs. DW: 59.3±2.8 vs. 41.7±5.7 vs. 45.6±2.2%). When compared with the DW, the accuracy of performances during a working memory task in both males and females was higher in the CE and LT trials. The results suggested that during a short-term recovery, both LT and CE show certain beneficial effect in maintaining cognitive performance. However, CE appears to be more effective than LT and DW in rehydrating female participants.

RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS OF POLYPHENOL RECOVERY FROM ARTICHOKE WASTE

Large amounts of a solid waste consisting mainly of outer bracts and stems are produced from the indus trial processing of artichokes. In this study, the recove ry of polyphenols from the two waste components was investigated. Extraction experiments were carried o utby an environmentally friendly procedure using aq ueous ethanol as solvent. The total polyphenol content, e xpressed as mg of GAE per g of dry weight, was 10.23±0.68 mg/g for bracts and 16.36±0.85 mg/g for stems. To evaluate the effect of Temperature (T), Extraction t ime (E) and liquid-to-solid Ratio (R) on the extraction yie lds, a central composite design coupled with respon se surface methodology was used. Under the best conditions (T = 50°C, E = 110.4 min and R = 20 mL g -1 ), extraction yields between 90 and 93% were obtained. Statistica l analysis of the data showed that E was the most i nfluential factor, followed by T and R. Simplified polynomial models were developed to describe the effect of ind ividual factors and their interactions on the extraction yi eld of polyphenols. Overall, the results of this st udy support the potential of using artichoke waste as a source of n atural phenolic antioxidants and give useful direct ions on how to improve recovery by proper selection of extracti on conditions.

A comparison of factors involved in the development of central nervous system and pulmonary oxygen toxicity in the rat

Central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT) can occur in humans at pressures above 2atmospheres absolute (ATA), and above 4.5ATA in the rat. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity appears at pressures above 0.5ATA. We hypothesized that exposure to mild HBO following extreme exposure might provide protection against CNS, but not pulmonary oxygen toxicity. We measured the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and nitrotyrosine and nNOS levels in the brain and lung in the following groups: (1) Sham rats, no pressure exposure (SHAM); (2) Exposure to 6ATA oxygen for 60% of latency to CNS-OT (60%LT); (3) Exposure to 6ATA for 60% of latency to CNS-OT, followed by 20min at 2.5ATA for recovery (REC); (4) Exposure to 6ATA for 60% of latency to CNS-OT, followed by 20min at 2.5ATA oxygen and a subsequent increase in pressure to 6ATA until the appearance of convulsions (CONV); (5) Control rats exposed to 6ATA until the appearance of convulsions (C). SOD and CAT activity were reduced in both brain and lung in the REC group. GPX activity was reduced in the hippocampus in the REC group, but not in the cortex or the lung. nNOS levels were reduced in the hippocampus in the REC group. Contrary to our hypothesis, no difference was observed between the brain and the lung for the factors investigated. We suggest that at 2.5ATA and above, CNS and pulmonary oxygen toxicity may share similar mechanisms.

The effects of resting and exercise serum from children with cystic fibrosis on C2C12 myoblast proliferation in vitro.

Chronic systemic inflammation is a clinical symptom in children with cystic fibrosis (CF), but the effects on skeletal muscle development are unknown. The aims of this study were to determine (1) the effects of systemic factors from children with CF and healthy controls on myoblast proliferation, and (2) whether exercise serum can have an effect on proliferation in vitro. Eleven children with CF and 11 biological age‐matched controls completed two 30‐min bouts of cycling at an intensity set at 50% peak mechanical power. Serum samples were collected before exercise (REST), immediately following exercise (EX), and after 60 min of recovery (REC). Serum samples prepared in group‐specific pools were used for cell culture experiments. C2C12 myoblasts were incubated in 5% serum and media for 1 h and then immediately harvested for protein and mRNA analysis, or incubated in growth media for 2 days to examine proliferation. C2C12 myoblasts treated with CF serum displayed greater proliferation phenotype than myoblasts treated with control serum. Proliferation did not change with EX or REC serum from children with CF compared to CF REST serum, while proliferation was increased with EX and REC serum from control compared to control REST serum. These findings suggest that systemic factors from children with CF at rest and after exercise can alter myoblast proliferation responses when compared to systemic factors from healthy children, which may have implications on skeletal muscle development.

Hydrogen ions instead minutes: The Initial pH level may predict survival without neurological impairment in the not witnessed prehospital cardiac arrest

Objective: To analyze the possible association of venous pH values collected in blood sample at the beginning of resuscitation and neurological recovery (CPC I-II). Methodology: Prospective analytical study in adult patients withnon-traumatic cardiac arrest attendedbyEMSwithphysicians on scene during 2012–2013. Inclusion Criteria: Prehospital Cardiac arrest not witnessed. Exclusion Criteria: traumatic-cardiac arrest. Variables: venous pH, time from onset of OOHCA until arrival first EMS unit, rate of spontaneous circulation recovery (REC)and REC time, rate of survival without neurological impairment (CPC I–II) during the first year. Statistical quantitative: Central and DispersionMeasures. Qualitative: percentages. Pearson correlation. Curve COR. ACCES, Excel, SPSS: v17. Data confidentiality. Results: 454 non-traumatic prehospital cardiac arrests. 94% (427) had analytical register. The average time from receipt of notification to obtain the blood sample was 12min (IQR: 9–14). There’s an inverse association between levels of pH and time of obtaining the blood sample (p=0.007). The prevalence of patients with neurologic recovery ad integrum was 20.14%. Initial pH was also associated to arrival time. Ph levels below 6.77 were associatedwith 100%mortality. RECwas not associatedwith initial pH (p=0.48). However, the initial pH was associated with survival without neurological impairment (CPC I–II) (p=0.001). The interval (7.09–7.25) was associated with improved survival. The initial pH above 7.06 had 82% specificity for predicting recovery ad integrum and positive predictive value of 89%. Initial pH values greater than 7.06 were associated with survival (CPC I–II) OR=3.027 (95% CI 1.6 to 5.5).

Factors associated to the survival in pre-hospital Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Objective: To analyze the possible association of venous pH values collected in blood sample at the beginning of resuscitation and neurological recovery (CPC I-II). Methodology: Prospective analytical study in adult patients withnon-traumatic cardiac arrest attendedbyEMSwithphysicians on scene during 2012–2013. Inclusion Criteria: Prehospital Cardiac arrest not witnessed. Exclusion Criteria: traumatic-cardiac arrest. Variables: venous pH, time from onset of OOHCA until arrival first EMS unit, rate of spontaneous circulation recovery (REC)and REC time, rate of survival without neurological impairment (CPC I–II) during the first year. Statistical quantitative: Central and DispersionMeasures. Qualitative: percentages. Pearson correlation. Curve COR. ACCES, Excel, SPSS: v17. Data confidentiality. Results: 454 non-traumatic prehospital cardiac arrests. 94% (427) had analytical register. The average time from receipt of notification to obtain the blood sample was 12min (IQR: 9–14). There’s an inverse association between levels of pH and time of obtaining the blood sample (p=0.007). The prevalence of patients with neurologic recovery ad integrum was 20.14%. Initial pH was also associated to arrival time. Ph levels below 6.77 were associatedwith 100%mortality. RECwas not associatedwith initial pH (p=0.48). However, the initial pH was associated with survival without neurological impairment (CPC I–II) (p=0.001). The interval (7.09–7.25) was associated with improved survival. The initial pH above 7.06 had 82% specificity for predicting recovery ad integrum and positive predictive value of 89%. Initial pH values greater than 7.06 were associated with survival (CPC I–II) OR=3.027 (95% CI 1.6 to 5.5).

Gene expression signatures in tree shrew choroid during lens-induced myopia and recovery

Gene expression in tree shrew choroid was examined during the development of minus-lens induced myopia (LIM, a GO condition), after completion of minus-lens compensation (a STAY condition), and early in recovery (REC) from induced myopia (a STOP condition). Five groups of tree shrews (n = 7 per group) were used. Starting 24 days after normal eye-opening (days of visual experience [DVE]), one minus-lens group wore a monocular −5 D lens for 2 days (LIM-2), another minus-lens group achieved stable lens compensation while wearing a monocular −5 D lens for 11 days (LIM-11); a recovery group also wore a –5 D lens for 11 days and then received 2 days of recovery starting at 35 DVE (REC-2). Two age-matched normal groups were examined at 26 DVE and 37 DVE. Quantitative PCR was used to measure the relative differences in mRNA levels in the choroid for 77 candidate genes that were selected based on previous studies or because a whole-transcriptome analysis suggested their expression would change during myopia development or recovery. Small myopic changes were observed in the treated eyes of the LIM-2 group (−1.0 ± 0.2 D; mean ± SEM) indicating eyes were early in the process of developing LIM. The LIM-11 group exhibited complete refractive compensation (−5.1 ± 0.2 D) that was stable for five days. The REC-2 group recovered by 1.3 ± 0.3 D from full refractive compensation. Sixty genes showed significant mRNA expression differences during normal development, LIM, or REC conditions. In LIM-2 choroid (GO), 18 genes were significantly down-regulated in the treated eyes relative to the fellow control eyes and 10 genes were significantly up-regulated. In LIM-11 choroid (STAY), 10 genes were significantly down-regulated and 12 genes were significantly up-regulated. Expression patterns in GO and STAY were similar, but not identical. All genes that showed differential expression in GO and STAY were regulated in the same direction in both conditions. In REC-2 choroid (STOP), 4 genes were significantly down-regulated and 18 genes were significantly up-regulated. Thirteen genes showed bi-directional regulation in GO vs. STOP. The pattern of differential gene expression in STOP was very different from that in GO or in STAY. Significant regulation was observed in genes involved in signaling as well as extracellular matrix turnover. These data support an active role for the choroid in the signaling cascade from retina to sclera. Distinctly different treated eye vs. control eye mRNA signatures are present in the choroid in the GO, STAY, and STOP conditions. The STAY signature, present after full compensation has occurred and the GO visual stimulus is no longer present, may participate in maintaining an elongated globe. The 13 genes with bi-directional expression differences in GO and STOP responded in a sign of defocus-dependent manner. Taken together, these data further suggest that a network of choroidal gene expression changes generate the signal that alters scleral fibroblast gene expression and axial elongation rate.

Breast reconstruction with pedicle fat dermal layer associated pectorallis muscle flap

A Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica é o órgão oficial de divulgação da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica (SBCP), tem como objetivo registrar a produção científica em Cirurgia Plástica, fomentar o estudo, aperfeiçoamento e atualização dos profissionais da especialidade.