Abstract
Large amounts of a solid waste consisting mainly of outer bracts and stems are produced from the indus trial processing of artichokes. In this study, the recove ry of polyphenols from the two waste components was investigated. Extraction experiments were carried o utby an environmentally friendly procedure using aq ueous ethanol as solvent. The total polyphenol content, e xpressed as mg of GAE per g of dry weight, was 10.23±0.68 mg/g for bracts and 16.36±0.85 mg/g for stems. To evaluate the effect of Temperature (T), Extraction t ime (E) and liquid-to-solid Ratio (R) on the extraction yie lds, a central composite design coupled with respon se surface methodology was used. Under the best conditions (T = 50°C, E = 110.4 min and R = 20 mL g -1 ), extraction yields between 90 and 93% were obtained. Statistica l analysis of the data showed that E was the most i nfluential factor, followed by T and R. Simplified polynomial models were developed to describe the effect of ind ividual factors and their interactions on the extraction yi eld of polyphenols. Overall, the results of this st udy support the potential of using artichoke waste as a source of n atural phenolic antioxidants and give useful direct ions on how to improve recovery by proper selection of extracti on conditions.
Highlights
Globe artichoke (Cynarascolymus L.), a perennial plant originating from the Mediterranean region, is commercially grown for its edible buds
The results of this study support the potential of using artichoke waste as a source of natural phenolic antioxidants and give useful directions on how to improve recovery by proper selection of extraction conditions
The first point emerging from the results presented here is that artichoke waste is a good source of phenolic compounds and that stems are richer in polyphenols than bracts
Summary
Globe artichoke (Cynarascolymus L.), a perennial plant originating from the Mediterranean region, is commercially grown for its edible buds. Is the world’s largest producer of artichokes, with an annual production of over 400,000 tons (FAOSTAT, 2011). From the industrial processing of artichokes, large amounts of solid and liquid wastes are generated. Solid residues constitute about 80-85% of the total plant biomass and consist mainly of the stems and the external parts of the flowers, known as bracts. This material is not suitable for human consumption and is usually discarded. Waste disposal represents an additional cost to the producers and contributes to the environmental impact of this industrial activity
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