Recovery Studies Research Articles

Determination of trace amounts of metobromuron herbicide residues in fruits by QuEChERS and DLLME methods

Food products have the potential to contain herbicide residues that may pose a threat to human health and the environment, and the determination of these residues at trace levels is extremely important. In this study, a rapid, simple, accurate and environmentally friendly DLLME-QuEChERS method was developed for the sensitive determination of metobromuron at trace levels in coconut-strawberry samples. Mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography was used to perform the analysis. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for the DLLME-GC-MS method providing a highly linear range with a coefficient of determination of >0.99, were found to be 4.2 and 13.9 ng/mL, respectively. Following QuEChERS and DLLME, recovery studies on coconut-strawberry samples showed that the developed method can be accurately applied to food matrices with the giving results close to 100 % and low standard deviation values.

Simultaneous UV Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form

A simple, specific, precise, and accurate UV spectrophotometric method has been created for the simultaneous measurement of Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The absorption maxima of the drugs were found to be at 240 nm and 258 nm for Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir respectively. Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 12-18 µg/ml and 8-12 µg/ml respectively. Different analytical parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined as per ICH guidelines. Limit of detection and quantification values for Nirmatrelvir 1.25 and 3.85 μg/ml and for Ritonavir 0.34 and 1.12 μg/ml respectively. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies and recovery values between prescribed limit of 99-101 % shows that method is free from interference of excipients present in formulation. The developed method was free from interferences due to excipients present in formulation and it can be used for routine quality control analysis. The results were validated statistically as per ICH Q2 R1 guideline and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of for Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir in commercial pharmaceutical dosage form

Waste heat recovery from exhaust gases using porous metal fins: a three-dimensional numerical study

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of different porous metal samples on the hydro-thermal characteristics of a single cylinder with porous fins using computational fluid dynamics. Commercially used porous samples with pore densities of 10, 20, and 40 PPI were used in this study for heat recovery from exhaust flue gas. The three-dimensional computational domain with porous aluminium fins attached to a tube over which high-temperature exhaust gas flows in a crossflow arrangement mimics a waste heat recovery system. Computations were performed at Reynolds number of 6000-9000, using the realisable κ-ϵ turbulence model. Three fin diameter to tube diameter ratios (Df/D = 2, 2.5, and 3) were considered. The local thermal non-equilibrium model is implemented for energy transfer, as it is more accurate for a high-temperature gradient scenario in a waste heat recovery system. The foam sample with the highest pore density was observed to have the highest pressure drop due to low permeability. A maximum heat transfer and Nusselt number were achieved for a 40 PPI foam sample due to a reduced flow rate inside the porous zone. The overall performance of metal foam samples at varying fin diameters was evaluated based on the area goodness factor (j/f) and a heat transfer coefficient ratio to pumping power per unit heat transfer surface (Z/E). Analysis of these two parameters suggests using 20 PPI foam at Df/D = 2.

A navigated, robot-driven laser craniotomy tool for frameless depth electrode implantation. An in-vivo recovery animal study.

Objectives: We recently introduced a frameless, navigated, robot-driven laser tool for depth electrode implantation as an alternative to frame-based procedures. This method has only been used in cadaver and non-recovery studies. This is the first study to test the robot-driven laser tool in an in vivo recovery animal study. Methods: A preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan was conducted to plan trajectories in sheep specimens. Burr hole craniotomies were performed using a frameless, navigated, robot-driven laser tool. Depth electrodes were implanted after cut-through detection was confirmed. The electrodes were cut at the skin level postoperatively. Postoperative imaging was performed to verify accuracy. Histopathological analysis was performed on the bone, dura, and cortex samples. Results: Fourteen depth electrodes were implanted in two sheep specimens. Anesthetic protocols did not show any intraoperative irregularities. One sheep was euthanized on the same day of the procedure while the other sheep remained alive for 1 week without neurological deficits. Postoperative MRI and CT showed no intracerebral bleeding, infarction, or unintended damage. The average bone thickness was 6.2 mm (range 4.1-8.0 mm). The angulation of the planned trajectories varied from 65.5° to 87.4°. The deviation of the entry point performed by the frameless laser beam ranged from 0.27 mm to 2.24 mm. The histopathological analysis did not reveal any damage associated with the laser beam. Conclusion: The novel robot-driven laser craniotomy tool showed promising results in this first in vivo recovery study. These findings indicate that laser craniotomies can be performed safely and that cut-through detection is reliable.

A Straightforward, Sensitive, and Reliable Strategy for Ethyl Carbamate Detection in By-Products from Baijiu Production by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

Baijiu is a renowned Chinese distilled liquor, notable for its distinctive flavor profile and intricate production process, which prominently involves fermentation and distillation. Ethyl carbamate (EC), a probable human carcinogen, can be potentially formed during these procedures, thus prompting significant health concerns. Consequently, the contamination of EC during Baijiu production has become an increasingly pressing issue. In this study, we developed a rapid and easily operable immunoassay for determining EC in the fermented materials used in Baijiu production. The development of a high-quality antibody specific to EC facilitated a streamlined analytical procedure and heightened method sensitivity. Furthermore, we systematically evaluated other essential parameters. Following optimization, the method achieved an IC50 value of 11.83 μg/kg, with negligible cross-reactivity against EC analogs. The recovery study demonstrated the method's good accuracy and precision, with mean recovery rates ranging from 86.0% to 105.5% and coefficients of variation all below 10%. To validate the feasibility of the technique, we collected and analyzed 39 samples simultaneously using both the proposed immunoassay and confirmatory gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A robust correlation was observed between the results obtained from the two methods (R2 > 0.99). The detected EC levels ranged from 2.36 μg/kg to 7.08 μg/kg, indicating an increase during the fermentation process.

Development of electrochemical sensors based on silver nanoparticles electrodeposited on gold screen-printed electrodes: application to nitrate trace analysis in water

Abstract. A simple, reusable and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a gold screen-printed electrode modified with silver nanoparticles has been developed for the detection of nitrate in water. Scanning electron microscopy, square wave voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the modification of the electrode surface. The modified electrode with different silver nanoparticle loadings was also tested, as well as the influence of scan rate on the reduction of nitrate. The sensor exhibited a wide linear response to nitrate from 100 to 1500 µM and a detection limit of 7.7 µM, which is significantly less than the maximum contaminant level admitted in drinking water (800 µM). The reproducibility, repeatability and selectivity of the sensor have also been examined. The suitability of the proposed sensor for real sample detection was successfully demonstrated via recovery studies performed in spiked tap water samples. The proposed approach was used to determine nitrate in freshwater, and the results were in good agreement with those obtained from a commercial nitrate sensor. These advantages make the developed sensor a promising alternative approach for integration into an online monitoring system for water monitoring.

Traumatic Brain Injury and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

This article reviews the mechanisms of primary traumatic injury to the brain and spinal cord, with an emphasis on grading severity, identifying surgical indications, anticipating complications, and managing secondary injury. Serum biomarkers have emerged for clinical decision making and prognosis after traumatic injury. Cortical spreading depolarization has been identified as a potentially modifiable mechanism of secondary injury after traumatic brain injury. Innovative methods to detect covert consciousness may inform prognosis and enrich future studies of coma recovery. The time-sensitive nature of spinal decompression is being elucidated. Proven management strategies for patients with severe neurotrauma in the intensive care unit include surgical decompression when appropriate, the optimization of perfusion, and the anticipation and treatment of complications. Despite validated models, predicting outcomes after traumatic brain injury remains challenging, requiring prognostic humility and a model of shared decision making with surrogate decision makers to establish care goals. Penetrating injuries, especially gunshot wounds, are often devastating and require public health and policy approaches that target prevention.

The influence of olfactory experience on the birthrates of olfactory sensory neurons with specific odorant receptor identities.

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are one of a few neuron types that are generated continuously throughout life in mammals. The persistence of olfactory sensory neurogenesis beyond early development has long been thought to function simply to replace neurons that are lost or damaged through exposure to environmental insults. The possibility that olfactory sensory neurogenesis may also serve an adaptive function has received relatively little consideration, largely due to the assumption that the generation of new OSNs is stochastic with respect to OSN subtype, as defined by the single odorant receptor gene that each neural precursor stochastically chooses for expression out of hundreds of possibilities. Accordingly, the relative birthrates of different OSN subtypes are predicted to be constant and impervious to olfactory experience. This assumption has been called into question, however, by evidence that the birthrates of specific OSN subtypes can be selectively altered by manipulating olfactory experience through olfactory deprivation, enrichment, and conditioning paradigms. Moreover, studies of recovery of the OSN population following injury provide further evidence that olfactory sensory neurogenesis may not be strictly stochastic with respect to subtype. Here we review this evidence and consider mechanistic and functional implications of the prospect that specific olfactory experiences can regulate olfactory sensory neurogenesis rates in a subtype-selective manner.

Synthesis of magnetic nanocomposite for the ultrasound-assisted removal of antibiotic and dye from aqueous solution: Characterization, modeling, and optimization

In this study, the efficiency of the nickel ferrite/magnesium oxide magnetic nanocomposite (NiFe2O4@MgO) was investigated for the removal of amoxicillin (AMX) antibiotic and crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous media in a discontinuous system. The required experiments and result analysis were predicted using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of pH (3–11), concentration (10–50 mg/L), and the amount of NiFe2O4@MgO (0.01–0.03 g) at various time intervals (10–50 min) during the removal process were examined. The central composite design (CCD) predicted the optimal conditions for AMX and CV removal using the NiFe2O4@MgO nanocomposite, showing excellent agreement between the predicted model response and the experimental results. According to the CCD experimental design analysis, the highest removal of AMX and CV was achieved at a pH of 8, a concentration of 24 mg/L, and 0.019 g of NiFe2O4@MgO for 35 min. Under optimal conditions, the removal efficiency for AMX and CV was 96.12 % and 93.30 %, respectively. Eluent determination results indicated that ammonia exhibited the best efficiency for the desorption of AMX and CV. Additionally, recovery studies demonstrated that the NiFe2O4@MgO adsorbent had the capability for multiple reuses in AMX and CV removal. The application of this method in real sample analysis showed successful removal of AMX and CV from various water samples.

Molnupiravir detection by tandem mass spectrometry

Background: After the COVID-19 epidemic that broke out in 2019, studies on antiviral drugs accelerated. In clinical studies with both re-purposed drugs and newly discovered drugs, the need for reliable methods that allow the measurement of drug levels in the blood has increased. Molnupiravir is one of the drugs considered under the treatment of COVID-19 and is on the agenda with conflicting findings. However, there are limited validated methods that report the measurement of molnupiravir levels. Therefore, our aim in this study was to develop a practical, robust validated tandem mass spectrometric method that allows the measurement of molnupiravir levels. Methods: Method development studies for the measurement of molnupiravir levels were performed with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) device and the method was validated according to CLSI (The Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute) protocols. Linearity, recovery, precision, stability, matrix effect, carry-over and lower limit determination studies were performed. Results: The method was linear with a correlation coefficient value of 0.993 in the range of 20 ng/mL-20 µg/mL. The sensitivity of the method was 20 ng/mL. The CV% obtained from the intra- and inter-assay studies was below 6.2% and the mean recovery was over 95%. Total analysis time was 5 minutes for each sample. Conclusions: A simple, cost-effective, reliable tandem mass spectrometric method with high sensitivity and accuracy based on protein precipitation alone has been developed for the measurement of molnupiravir levels.

Innovative models for cardiotoxicity assessment in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes that enable clinically relevant treatment regimen

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by the European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases 807 (2016T092) and Hartstichting (2019T104) Background/Introduction/Purpose Cardiotoxicity continues to be a significant factor in drug withdrawal, partly due to the unpredictable nature of animal models. Moreover, the limitation of cancer treatment arises from the potential risk of cardiotoxicity. Identifying patients at risk of developing heart symptoms after therapy will strongly contribute to improved treatment possibilities. Cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent an inexhaustible cell reservoir and hold the potential to provide personalized solutions to address this issue. However, conventional 2D cultures have several limitations, such as tissue complexity and the difficulty to apply repeated dose treatments. Methods Therefore, we developed an engineered heart tissue (EHT) platform to predict functional aspects of cardiotoxicity. We evaluated the effect of several anti-cancer drugs on cardiomyocyte contractility after repetitive treatment and quantified force of contraction and contraction kinetics. However, these traditional EHTs lack the complexity of diverse cell types. Thus, in a next step, we generated an innovative and user-friendly Heart-on-Chip (HoC) model from hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Under flow, these miniaturized micro-EHTs (μEHTs) self-organize into a cardiomyocyte core surrounded by an endothelial barrier layer mimicking the cardiomyocyte-endothelial interface as observed in vivo. Results Our versatile drug screening systems permit following individual tissues over time. We therefore treated EHTs with DMSO or 1 µM Doxorubicin for 24 hours and monitored tissue contraction force over a time course of 28 days. Doxorubicin treatment initially caused a drop of force, but demonstrated a recovery of force and kinetics 10 days after treatment. To recapitulate a clinically relevant intermittent treatment regime, a second treatment of 1 µM Doxorubicin was administered 21 days after the first dose and showed a similar decrease in contraction force compared with the first exposure to the drug. μEHTs cultured under flow exhibit improved contractile performance and conduction velocity when compared to static culture conditions. Importantly, the presence of an endothelial barrier delayed the cardiotoxic effect of drugs, indicating that endothelial cells form a barrier mimicking the systemic delivery route of drugs to the heart. Conclusions Our systems are characterized by increased physiological accuracy and enable the study of hPSC-cardiomyocyte recovery and the effects of accumulated dose after multiple dosing, allowing individualized cardiotoxicity evaluation. In the future, we can further increase the complexity by including multi-organ-on-chip approaches, as for example heart-liver-on-chip to revolutionize the screening of therapeutic targets and the prediction of drug efficacy.

Derivative UV Spectroscopic Cleaning Method Development and Validation of Darunavir API incorporated into Dissolving Oral Film

A new UV spectrophotometric technique was developed and validated for Darunavir API by using oral film. The drug was analyzed using a UV spectrophotometric technique, and its linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness were determined by ICH guidelines. Acetonitrile was the solvent used, and 263nm was shown to be the wavelength. R2=0.9989 shows that the method was linear in the range of 2 to 16µg/ml. Method precision was carried out and RSD was found to be 0.933. The accuracy values obtained from testing at three levels were 99.8, 100.7, and 99.4 in (50,100,150%). The residues are collected using the swab sample technique on a 10cm2 stainless steel plate. To collect the residue, swab sticks are used to stripe the SS plate in three directions: horizontally, vertically, and diagonally. Forced Degradation studies were conducted for API and Synthetic mixture at various conditions and the % degradation was recorded. The proposed method was used for the synthetic mixture of Darunavir API which has its application in formulating OSD. An assay of oral films was done which obeys the beers lambert law in the concentration of 3.27µg/ml. Recovery studies gave statistical confirmation and support for the analysis's conclusions

Formulation & Evaluation of Anti Migrane Mouth Dissolving Tablet

The objective of this study is to improve the safety, efficacy, and rate of action of the existing molecule by utilising novel techniques to the administration of medication. This will be accomplished by the application of novel approaches. Orally disintegrating pills containing rizatriptan benzoate were made by the direct compression technique in order to provide migraine sufferers with a more expedient manner of gaining relief from their condition. For the purpose of this inquiry, a 32-factororial design method was utilised, and eight different formulations were examined for each of the super disintegrants that were explored. There were a number of tests that were performed on the batches of tablets that were manufactured. These tests included weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, invitro dispersion time, drug content, and invitro dissolution. A UV spectrophotometric approach that is easy, sensitive, rapid, accurate, cost-effective, and repeatable was created in order to identify the dose form of Rizatriptan Benzoate tablets. This method was designed in order to determine the dose form. It has been determined that rizatriptan benzoate has the maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 225 nm, and its molar absorption is measured to be 1.619 Ao. According to Beer's law, the application of the law was observed between 1 and 10 μg/ml. In order to validate the conclusions of the investigation, statistical analysis and recovery studies were carried out. In order to validate the method, a number of various criteria were utilised. These criteria included linearity, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), Sandell's sensitivity, and specificity were among the criteria that were utilised. The practice of determining the regular dosage of Rizatriptan Benzoate in both tablet and bulk forms was found to be one that is accurate and precise via the utilisation of the preferred method. This was identified through the utilisation of the recommended method. A time period ranging from fifteen to thirty seconds was required for the optimised formulation to be distributed throughout the body. Furthermore, it demonstrated a greater water absorption ratio and released 99.60% of the medication over a period of two minutes and fifteen seconds. This was in addition to everything else that it shown.

The role of load and distributed energy resources modeling in voltage recovery studies

Load modeling in power systems is crucial to stability studies. The analysis of certain dynamic phenomena requires proper load modeling. Fault Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery (FIDVR) relates directly to Residential Air Conditioner (RAC) stalling. Therefore, the modeling of induction motor (IM) loads is essential to this analysis. Delayed voltage recovery in the system can result in delayed power recovery in inverters connected to the transmission system, which connects photovoltaic and wind power plants to the Brazilian Interconnected Power System (BIPS). In the last few years, there has been a considerable growth of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in Brazil. Modern and legacy ride-through settings coexist in power systems around the world. Inverters with legacy settings are more likely to disconnect in systemic events. This creates a context that has been assessed in this paper. The modeling of induction motors in the Acre-Rondonia system leads to a deterioration of this system’s dynamic performance, which can lead to collapse. DER’s voltage support can contribute to post-fault system voltage recovery, mitigating the delay caused by RAC stalling and avoiding collapse. Thus, more robust ride-through settings are required to avoid inverter disconnection. Moreover, dynamic voltage support and reactive current priority requirements are demands from inverters connected to the system. The results obtained show that this consideration enable more consistent results than the ones obtained by the classic ZIP load model.

Suitable forestry machines for mechanical fuel load reduction and salvage recovery: a short review

Forest fires are one of the most severe incidents that can destroy large areas of forest lands and cause substantial damages to the nearby residential areas and farmlands. Human efforts to reduce the likelihood of starting forest fires include prescribed burning, mechanical fuel load reduction and livestock grazing. Following natural disasters in forest areas, a salvage recovery operation is usually conducted that may cause some environmental impacts. This article aimed to review the literatures to provide a summary of different types of machines and working methods that have been studied in different countries. The review results showed that the most common method for mechanical fuel load reduction was mechanised cut-to-length using a harvester and a forwarder. This method has been widely applied in Canada, USA, Europe, and Oceania. In some countries (e.g. Australia and USA) the whole tree method is also applied for mechanical fuel load reduction. This method was often conducted using feller-bunchers, grapple skidders and chippers/grinders. The majority of mechanical fuel load reduction projects produced the extra fibre which could be used for bioenergy purposes. The number of salvage recovery studies was limited compared with studies on mechanical fuel load reduction. Salvage recovery operations applied a cut-to-length and whole tree harvesting methods. Windthrown trees were extracted to the roadside using heavy size forwarders or grapple skidders in flat/moderate terrains while tower yarders were applied in steep terrains. Detailed information on work productivity is described in this article which can be of use to the academic and industrial users. 

Photoremoval of Ibuprophenin and Oxytetracycline and some microorganisms from a pharmaceutical wastewater via Ag-Fe3O4 nanocomposites

In İzmir Turkey, a pharmaceutical industry wastewater produces drugs and antibiotics. The removals of these parameters were not sufficient with the conventional activated sludge process. In order to remove these organics some photocatalysts like Fe3O4 and FeO were solely used with enhanced magnetic properties. However low photodegradation yields (75% - 77%) were detected for the Ibuprophenin drug and Oxytetracycline antibiotic. Although Ag effectively destroys the pharmaceutical chemicals and the pathogenic microorganisms the low photogenerated carrier-separation efficiency limits its application in water treatment. Therefore, it is practically significant to develop a magnetic material to a couple of Ag with Fe3O4 through heterojunctions to separate the nanocomposite magnetically from wastewaters. In order to improve the photocatalytic degradation of Fe3O4, Ag was loaded onto a magnetic nanoparticle to develop Ag-Fe3O4 nanocomposite under laboratory conditions. On the other hand, the toilet wastewater was mixed with the process wastewater due to the dilution purpose of pollutants in the pharmaceutical wastewater. Due to the high working personnel capacity of the industry (10,000 people) the concentrations of Salmonella, Pseudomonas, yeast, fungi, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and heterotrophic bacteria were found to be high in the raw pharmaceutical industry wastewaters. Therefore, in this study to maximize the removal yields of these pollutants and organisms with Ag-Fe3O4 photodegradation the operational conditions were optimized. The effect of increasing Ag-Fe3O4 nanocomposite concentrations (0.05 - 6.0 mg/l), pollutant concentrations (10 - 500 mg/l), contacting times (5 - 90 mins), pH levels (4.00 - 10.00), power (10 - 100 W/m2), on the photodegradation yields of organisms (Salmonella, Pseudomonas, yeast, fungi, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, heterotrophic bacteria) and ibuprophene, oxytetracycline removal yields were studied. The particle shapes and properties were investigated with field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD pattern of Ag-Fe3O4 nanocomposites showed the same diffraction peaks at 26.9°, 33.0°, 38.3°, 55.1°, 65.7°, and 68.7° for Ag and at 28.26°, 34.53°, 44.01°, and 61.88° for Fe3O4, indicating a good coupling of Ag and Fe3O4 with no change in their crystal structure. The maximum organism and pollutant yields were detected at 1 mg/l Ag-Fe3O4 nanocomposite concentration, after 45 mins at a pH 7.00 and 5.00 for Ibuprophenin drug and Oxytetracycline antibiotic, respectively. 99% treatment yields were recorded for ibuprophene, oxytetracycline, and organisms during photocatalysis. The recovery studies with Ag-Fe3O4 NPs showed that all organisms and both pollutants can be used 120 times with the same yields. The photodegradation kinetics was found to be pseudo-first-order and the rate constants (k) for oxytetracycline and ibuprophene were calculated as 5 × 10−2 min−1, and 5.02 × 10−2 min−1, respectively. From 1.5 mg/l Ag- Fe3O4 nanocomposite 0,95 mg/l Fe3+ and 0,39 mg/l Ag +1 was leached during ibuprophene photodegradation. For oxytetracycline from 1.5 mg/l Ag- Fe3O4 nanocomposite 0,89 mg/l Fe3+ and 0,34 mg/l Ag +1 was leached.

Electrochemical detection platform based on graphene-zinc oxide composite nanomaterials for 17β-estradiol determination in milk

This research presents the development of an innovative electrochemical detection platform using a graphene-zinc oxide (G-ZnO) nanocomposite for the quantification of 17β-estradiol in milk. The G-ZnO nanocomposite, synthesized via a facile one-pot method, exhibited a unique wrinkled structure with a high specific surface area of 143 m²/g. Characterization through SEM, TEM, and XRD confirmed the effective integration of ultrafine ZnO nanoparticles onto graphene sheets. The electrochemical performance of the G-ZnO modified glassy carbon electrode was evaluated, revealing a notably low detection limit of 8.3 nM for 17β-estradiol, a significant improvement over traditional sensors. The sensor demonstrated a wide linear range of 0.05–100 μM and exceptional reproducibility with less than 3.5 % RSD over repeated measurements. Recovery studies in spiked milk samples yielded highly accurate results, with recovery percentages ranging from 97.8 % to 104.6 %. These findings underscore the potential of G-ZnO nanocomposites in creating sensitive, efficient, and reliable sensors for healthcare and environmental applications.

Biotin labeling allows for post-transfusion functional assessment of stored human platelets in mice.

Platelet radiolabeling with radioisotopes is currently used for human platelet recovery and survival studies. Biotinylation enables ex vivo post-transfusion platelet function testing. Whether platelet biotinylation itself affects platelet function is controversial. Platelet concentrates from healthy humans were stored for 6 days. Samples were obtained at 1 or 2 and 6 days, and platelets were labeled following a radiolabeling protocol using saline instead of radioactive indium-111 (sham radiolabeling [sham-RL]). Alternatively, a newly developed biotinylation protocol, a washing protocol, or an unmanipulated control sample were used. Platelet function was assessed by flow cytometry after stimulation with platelet agonists and labeling of platelets with platelet activation markers. To test whether platelets can be activated after transfusion, labeled platelets were transfused into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice, and samples were obtained 1 h after transfusion. The activation profile of biotinylated platelets was comparable to sham-RL platelets before transfusion except for significantly less α-degranulation and more phosphatidyl serine exposure on storage day 1/2. There was no significant difference between sham-RL and biotinylated platelets on storage day 6. Sham-RL and biotinylated platelets were significantly less activatable than washed and unmanipulated control platelets. After transfusion, the activation profile of biotinylated platelets was largely indistinguishable from unmanipulated ones. The decrease in activation level in biotinylated platelets we and others observed appears mainly due to the physical manipulation during the labeling process. In conclusion, biotinylated platelets allow for post-transfusion function assessment, a major advantage over radiolabeling.

Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation and forced degradation of Sitagliptin and determination of Pharmacokinetic application study in Human Plasma by RP-HPLC method

In the present investigation, an attempt was made for the development, validation, forced degradation and pharmacokinetic application of sitagliptin in the human plasma spiking studies by UV - HPLC method. The experimentation was developed based on the extensive literature survey and ascertained by the statistical parameters of the sampling. A simplified, accurate method was created by the liquid chromatographic system from Shimadazu LC 20AD consisting of manual injection. The optimized chromatogram was obtained with acetonitrile in the isocratic mobile phase method at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. A thermo C-8 column (4.6X250mm,5μm) was used as a stationary phase, and 265.0nm was selected as the detection wavelength with the aid of a UV-Vis detector. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The technique was linear in the range of 10-50μg/mL with correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9746, respectively. Recovery studies postulated that % RSD 19.14, 3 & 9.95 respectively. Injection repeatability values were found to be % RSD 17 & 10.63 for intraday and interday, respectively. Stress degradation studies revealed that sitagliptin degrades more rapidly when subjected to 0.1 NaoH. Human plasma spiking studies reported 3.02 ng/mL at 3.02+/-60 min of C and T max, respectively. Keywords: Sitagliptin, Method development, HPLC, Validation, Stress degradation studies, Human plasma spiking studies

Plant-based zinc nanoflowers assisted molecularly imprinted polymer for the design of an electrochemical sensor for selective determination of abrocitinib

The first electrochemical sensor application in the literature is described for the sensitive and selective determination of the selective Janus kinase (JAK)-1 inhibitor abrocitinib (ABR). ABR is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based sensor was designed to incorporate zinc nanoflower (ZnNFs)-graphene oxide (GO) conjugate (ZnNFs@GO), synthesized from the root methanolic extract (RME) of the species Alkanna cappadocica Boiss. et Bal. to improve the porosity and effective surface area of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Furthermore, the MIP structure was prepared using ABR as a template molecule, 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) as a functional monomer, and other additional components. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the surface and structure of the synthesized nanomaterial and MIP-based surface. Among the electrochemical methods, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were preferred for detailed electrochemical characterization, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was preferred for all other electrochemical measurements using 5.0 mM [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– solution as the redox probe. The MIP-based sensor, which was the result of a detailed optimization phase, gave a linear response in the 1.0 × 10–13 – 1.0 × 10–12 M range in standard solution and serum sample. The obtained limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values and recovery studies demonstrated the sensitivity, accuracy, and applicability of the sensor. Selectivity, the most important feature of the MIP-based sensor, was verified by imprinting factor calculations using ibrutinib, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, zonisamide, and acetazolamide.Graphical