Recovery Phase Research Articles

Enhancement of the reactivation process of long-term starved anammox granular sludge with gravel balls: Microbial succession and metabolic impact

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process is an economical and energy-efficient method of wastewater nitrogen removal. However, they are highly susceptible to starvation stress caused by sudden environmental changes. Rapid reactivation of starved anammox sludge is a crucial method to address seed sludge shortages and expand practical applications. This study investigated the impact of gravel balls on the reactivation of long-term starved anammox granular sludge (628 days). The results showed that gravel balls enhanced the recovery of nitrogen removal performance in starved anammox sludge, with nitrogen removal efficiency being 19.88% higher than the control group at the end of the recovery phase. The gravel balls also increased extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion, contributing to the stability of the anammox system. Furthermore, the gravel balls promoted the proliferation of anammox bacteria, with the relative abundance of anammox bacteria reaching 38.25% on the 80th day. The analyses of microbial functions indicated that gravel balls facilitated cross-feeding and co-metabolism among microbes, while enhancing quorum sensing associated with anammox bacteria, forming a multifunctional community network centered on anammox bacteria. This indicates that gravel balls can effectively accelerate the reactivation process of long-term starved anammox sludge, aiding the reutilization of long-term starved anammox sludge.

Overcoming Exercise Barriers In The Early Recovery Phase Among Breast Cancer Patients

Overcoming Exercise Barriers In The Early Recovery Phase Among Breast Cancer Patients

Effects of Storm‐Time Winds on Ionospheric Pre‐Midnight Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Over South America as Observed by ICON and GOLD

AbstractThis study uses satellite measurements of plasma densities and thermospheric winds to analyze the effects of the November 2021 geomagnetic storm on ionospheric pre‐midnight topside plasma bubbles over South America. Using observations from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) and the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) satellites, we find that pre‐midnight topside plasma bubbles were inhibited over eastern South America during the recovery phase of the storm. This is particularly notable because of the otherwise high occurrence rate of plasma bubbles at these longitudes during this season. This inhibition coincided with the recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm, marked by a northward turning of the z‐component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMFBz) and quiet‐time values of the SuperMAG Auroral Electrojet Index (SME). We observed a westward turning of the zonal wind before the bubble inhibition, so we conclude the inhibition of topside plasma bubbles is likely related to a westward disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF) causing a downward drift and suppress the growth of the instability responsible for bubble development. Contrary to theoretical predictions, we do not observe notable changes to the meridional wind during the event. These results provide new insights into the ionosphere‐thermosphere system's response to geomagnetic storms and highlight the role of wind patterns in inhibiting ionospheric irregularities, contributing to better predictive models for these phenomena.

Hypercalcemia in the Recovery Phase of Pigment-Induced Acute Tubular Necrosis

Hypercalcemia in the Recovery Phase of Pigment-Induced Acute Tubular Necrosis

Interplanetary Causes and Impacts of the 2024 May Superstorm on the Geosphere: An Overview

The recent superstorm of 2024 May 10–11 is the second largest geomagnetic storm in the space age and the only one that has simultaneous interplanetary data (there were no interplanetary data for the 1989 March storm). The May superstorm was characterized by a sudden impulse (SI+) amplitude of +88 nT, followed by a three-step storm main-phase development, which had a total duration of ∼9 hr. The cause of the first storm main phase with a peak SYM-H intensity of −183 nT was a fast-forward interplanetary shock (magnetosonic Mach number M ms ∼ 7.2) and an interplanetary sheath with a southward interplanetary magnetic field component B s of ∼40 nT. The cause of the second storm's main phase with an SYM-H intensity of −354 nT was a deepening of the sheath B s to ∼43 nT. A magnetosonic wave (M ms ∼ 0.6) compressed the sheath to a high magnetic field strength of ∼71 nT. Intensified B s of ∼48 nT were the cause of the third and most intense storm main phase, with an SYM-H intensity of −518 nT. Three magnetic cloud events with B s fields of ∼25–40 nT occurred in the storm recovery phase, lengthening the recovery to ∼2.8 days. At geosynchronous orbit, ∼76 keV to ∼1.5 MeV electrons exhibited ∼1–3 orders of magnitude flux decreases following the shock/sheath impingement onto the magnetosphere. The cosmic-ray decreases at Dome C, Antarctica (effective vertical cutoff rigidity <0.01 GV) and Oulu, Finland (rigidity ∼0.8 GV) were ∼17% and ∼11%, respectively, relative to quiet-time values. Strong ionospheric current flows resulted in extreme geomagnetically induced currents of ∼30–40 A in the subauroral region. The storm period is characterized by strong polar-region field-aligned currents, with ∼10 times intensification during the main phase and equatorward expansion down to ∼50° geomagnetic (altitude-adjusted) latitude.

Disaster debris management and the Maine floods of December 2023

A major disaster declaration was granted to designated areas in Maine for a severe flood that occurred in December of 2023. The purpose of this research is to examine the disaster debris management in the preparedness, response, and recovery phases of the flood. A purposive sample of emergency management personnel who worked with the debris management participated in structured interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded with NVivo software. Through the two-step process of open and focused coding, four themes were identified. These include debris management planning, resource constraints, home rule, and concerns over more extreme weather events. In several instances, resource constraints inhibited debris management planning opportunities. This research recommends that partnerships be developed between state and local emergency management agencies and academics to assist with grant writing to address resource constraints. Furthermore, coalitions of stakeholders with diverse backgrounds in debris management should be formed to develop guidelines to tailor debris management plans to a given area's needs. The growth in extreme weather events emphasizes the urgency in developing such debris management planning projects.

Явления гистерезиса в отклике геомагнитной активности и параметров космических лучей на вариации межпланетной среды во время магнитной бури

The dynamics of the intensity of cosmic rays is known to be different on the ascending and descending branches of the 11-year solar cycle, i.e., hysteresis phenomena are observed. Recently, it has been obtained that at shorter intervals on the scale of magnetic storms there are also signs of hysteresis in dependences of cosmic ray cutoff rigidities R (geomagnetic thresholds) on heliosphere and geosphere parameters. R is the rigidity below which a particle flux is cut off due to geomagnetic shielding. In this paper, we have analyzed the dependence of the geomagnetic storm index Dst and the variation of the ΔR thresholds on interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind (SW) parameters during the two-step magnetic storm on September 7–8, 2017. We have found hysteresis phenomena in the following paired series: (1) dependences of Dst on SW and IMF parameters, and (2) dependences of ΔR on SW and IMF parameters. We have established that the dependence curves in the storm descending phase (main phase) and ascending phase (recovery phase) do not coincide — hysteresis loops are formed. A specific feature of the storm under study is the second lowering of Dst in the recovery phase. The hysteresis pattern reflects this specific storm dynamics, forming two hysteresis loops in response to the two Dst drops.

Hysteresis phenomena in the response of geomagnetic activity and cosmic ray parameters to variations in the interplanetary medium during a magnetic storm

The dynamics of the intensity of cosmic rays is known to be different on the ascending and descending branches of the 11-year solar cycle, i.e., hysteresis phenomena are observed. Recently, it has been obtained that at shorter intervals on the scale of magnetic storms there are also signs of hysteresis in dependences of cosmic ray cutoff rigidities R (geomagnetic thresholds) on heliosphere and geosphere parameters. R is the rigidity below which a particle flux is cut off due to geomagnetic shielding. In this paper, we have analyzed the dependence of the geomagnetic storm index Dst and the variation of the ΔR thresholds on interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind (SW) parameters during the two-step magnetic storm on September 7–8, 2017. We have found hysteresis phenomena in the following paired series: (1) dependences of Dst on SW and IMF parameters, and (2) dependences of ΔR on SW and IMF parameters. We have established that the dependence curves in the storm descending phase (main phase) and ascending phase (recovery phase) do not coincide — hysteresis loops are formed. A specific feature of the storm under study is the second lowering of Dst in the recovery phase. The hysteresis pattern reflects this specific storm dynamics, forming two hysteresis loops in response to the two Dst drops.

Effect of intravenous different drugs on the prevention of restlessness during recovery period of pediatric laparoscopic surgery: a randomized control trial.

To explored the impact of dexmedetomidine and esketamine in mitigating restlessness during the postoperative recovery phase following laparoscopic surgery in children. 102 individuals aged 1 to 7years experiencing laparoscopic surgery were randomly allocated into three groups, each accepting 1μg/kg of dexmedetomidine, 0.3mg/kg of esketamine, or saline immediately at the end of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Emergence agitation(EA) occurrence was assessed by PAED scale and 5-point agitation scale. Pain was judged using Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale. The recovery time, extubation time, and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay time were recorded for all three groups. Patients administered 1μg/kg of dexmedetomidine (8.8%) and individuals given 0.3mg/kg of esketamine (11.8%) showed lower incidences of emergence agitation compared to those receiving saline (35.5%; P = 0.009). There was no statistically significant difference in the time to discharge from the PACU among the three groups of patients (P > 0.05). The recovery time and extubation time were notably extended in the dexmedetomidine group (40.88 ± 12.95min, 42.50 ± 13.38min) when compared to the saline group (32.56 ± 13.05min, 33.29 ± 11.30min; P = 0.009, P = 0.010). Following CO2 pneumoperitoneum in pediatric laparoscopic surgeries, the intravenous administration of 1μg/kg dexmedetomidine or 0.3mg/kg esketamine effectively lowers EA occurrence without extending PACU time.

The April 2023 SYM‐H = −233 nT Geomagnetic Storm: A Classical Event

AbstractThe 23–24 April 2023 double‐peak (SYM‐H intensities of −179 and −233 nT) intense geomagnetic storm was caused by interplanetary magnetic field southward component Bs associated with an interplanetary fast‐forward shock‐preceded sheath (Bs of 25 nT), followed by a magnetic cloud (MC) (Bs of 33 nT), respectively. These interplanetary structures were led by a coronal mass ejection erupted from the Sun in association with an M1.7 X‐ray flare. At the center of the MC, the plasma density exhibited an order of magnitude decrease, leading to a sub‐Alfvénic solar wind interval for ∼2.1 hr. Ionospheric Joule heating accounted for a significant part (∼81%) of the magnetospheric energy dissipation during the storm main phase. Equal amount of Joule heating in the dayside and nightside ionosphere is consistent with the observed intense and global‐scale DP2 (disturbance polar) currents during the storm main phase. The sub‐Alfvénic solar wind is associated with disappearance of substorms, a sharp decrease in Joule heating dissipation, and reduction in electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave amplitude. The shock/sheath compression of the magnetosphere led to relativistic electron flux losses in the outer radiation belt between L* = 3.5 and 5.5. Relativistic electron flux enhancements were detected in the lower L* ≤ 3.5 region during the storm main and recovery phases. Equatorial ionospheric plasma anomaly structures are found to be modulated by the prompt penetration electric fields. Around the anomaly crests, plasma density at ∼470 km altitude and altitude‐integrated ionospheric total electron content are found to increase by ∼60% and ∼80%, with ∼33% and ∼67% increases in their latitudinal extents compared to their quiet‐time values, respectively.

Study on correlation between Chinese medicine syndromes in stroke and neurological deficits during recovery phase: Perspective.

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide, necessitating effective rehabilitation strategies for successful recovery. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained recognition as a complementary and alternative approach in stroke rehabilitation, owing to its unique syndromes that offer valuable insights for personalized treatment plans. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between TCM syndromes observed during the recovery phase of stroke and the associated neurological deficits. Syndromes such as Blood stasis, Phlegm-dampness, Qi deficiency, and Yin deficiency were systematically examined, while standardized neurological assessments, encompassing motor function, sensory perception, and cognitive abilities, were employed to evaluate the extent of neurological impairment. Rigorous statistical analyses were conducted to discern potential correlations between TCM syndromes and the severity of neurological deficits. The results revealed statistically significant positive associations between certain TCM syndromes, particularly Blood stasis and Phlegm-dampness, and heightened neurological deficits during the recovery phase post-stroke. These findings suggest that these syndromes may serve as indicators of more severe brain injury post-stroke, thereby guiding the development of tailored rehabilitation strategies. By establishing robust connections between TCM syndromes and neurological deficits, this study contributes to advancing our understanding of stroke recovery through an integrated approach that incorporates TCM principles. Moreover, it underscores the potential benefits of integrating TCM into conventional rehabilitation protocols, offering valuable insights for healthcare professionals and potentially improving patient outcomes.

Personal relationships during and after an initial psychotic episode. First-person experiences

Background Psychosis is often associated with loneliness, the absence of a confidant and a perceived lack of social support. In addition, the social isolation and solitude experienced can aggravate internalised stigma, depressive symptoms and/or suicidal tendencies, and worsen the course of the disorder. Aim This study explores the experiences and perceptions of persons with psychosis concerning how their interpersonal relationships have evolved from the earliest symptoms of the disorder to its subsequent clinical stabilisation. Method A qualitative content analysis was performed of the findings from five focus groups and six in-depth interviews (36 participants). Results In the prodrome and initial symptoms stage, five themes were coded: social withdrawal, loss of friends, loss of personal skills, communication difficulties and breakdown of life project. During the recovery phase, four themes were coded: family support, partner support, loneliness and the desire for more close relationships. Finally, during the clinical stabilisation phase, three themes were coded: the recovery of interpersonal relationships, including with peers; reconstruction of the life project and increased interpersonal sensitivity. Conclusions These findings highlight the impact that psychosis can have on social life and show that recovery is also related to the development of maeningful interpersonal relationships.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE AS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCE IN THE HISTORICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONTEXT

In the scientific research the analysis of the economic activity of Ukrainians and their motivation for entrepreneurial activity in the historical and pedagogical contexts has been conducted. The authors have identified the factors influencing the formation of entrepreneurial initiative of modern Ukrainians, determined the reasons for their demotivation in engaging in entrepreneurship, highlighted the historical factor, which has a significant impact on the economic behavior, motivation, and self-motivation of Ukrainians. The article emphasizes the importance of incorporating an economic component into the training programs of future professional (vocational) education teachers, the necessity of developing their entrepreneurial competence, the need to enhance motivation and self-motivation for entrepreneurship.The study concludes that the entrepreneurial activity of the Ukrainians represents a continuous process of developing entrepreneurial competence. The authors propose considering the historical factor when designing national strategic programs, both during the current wartime period and in the post-war recovery phase for maintaining business activity within small and medium-sized enterprises. They substantiate the need to include an economic component and implement a motivation system in the training programs for future professional education teachers, who initially serve as recipients and later as providers of educational services. The necessity of integrating a motivation system and entrepreneurial practice into these programs has also been demonstrated for fostering the development of entrepreneurial competence, increasing motivation and self-motivation for entrepreneurship, enabling these future teachers to implement entrepreneurial competence in their subsequent work.

CGS-21680 defers cisplatin-induced AKI-CKD transition in C57/BL6 mice

Acute kidney injury (AKI), with a high mortality and morbidity, is known as a risk factor for developing progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Targeting transition of AKI to CKD displays an excellent therapeutic potential. This study aims at investigating the role of CGS-21680, selective A2AR agonist, in deferring Cis-induced AKI-CKD transition. The AKI-CKD transition model was induced in C57/BL6 mice by repeated low doses of Cis (2.5 mg/kg i.p for 5 consecutive days in two cycles with a recovery phase of 16 days between two cycles). CGS-21680 was administered daily for 6 weeks (0.1 mg/kg, i.p). Urine, blood, and kidney were collected at three different time points to track the disease progression. CGS-21680 administration preserved kidney function and attenuated tubular damage as evidenced by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) histopathology. CGS-21680 significantly restored oxidative status as reflected by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC). CGS-21680 showed anti-inflammatory effect as indicated by decreased TNF-α and iNOS. Additionally, CGS-21680 ameliorated endothelial dysfunction and enhanced renal vasodilation as evidenced by upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) expression and down regulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptor endothelin-A (ET-A) receptor expression. CGS-21680 also attenuated renal fibrosis as reflected by the reduction of percentage of fibrosis in Masson's trichome-stained renal sections and down regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) protein expression in IHC-stained renal sections. In conclusion, CGS-21680 could defer Cis-induced AKI-CKD transition via its vasodilatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects.

Dynamic phase measurement based on two-step phase-shifting interferometry with geometric phase grating

Abstract This paper proposes a novel dynamic 2-step phase-shifting interferometry method with a geometric phase grating and direct aberration-free object phase recovery algorithm. By exploring the amplitude-phase modulation property of the geometric phase grating, two-step phase-shifting interferograms with π / 2 phase shift can be obtained in a single shot through two kinds of spatial-multiplexing arrangements. Then the restriction on the background uniformity of the 2-step phase-shifting algorithms and the system aberration can be avoided simultaneously, based on the presented direct and fast object phase demodulation strategy with an object-free state recorded in advance, so an accurate object measurement result can be guaranteed. Accordingly, a detailed analysis of the theoretical model of error sources is conducted by taking the depolarization error of geometric phase grating and phase measurement model error into consideration, with a Least Squares Iteration optimization strategy established to further improve the measurement accuracy. Experiments on various types of phase objects, such as a photo-etched quartz substrate, the spatial light modulator, and a silicon chip, validate the effectiveness and accuracy of our method when compared with the reference phase obtained from 4-step temporal phase-shifting method. The dynamic phase measurement capability is demonstrated by exhibiting the evaporation process of alcohol droplet.

Ultra-Wideband Common-Mode Rejection Structure with Autonomous Phase Balancing for Ultra-High-Speed Digital Transmission.

For ultra-high-speed digital transmission, required by 5G/6G communications, ultra-wideband common-mode rejection (CMR) structures with autonomous phase-balancing capability are proposed. Common-mode noise, caused by phase and amplitude unbalances, is one of the most undesired disturbances affecting modern digital circuits. According to the circuit design guides with a typically used differential line (DL) for high-speed digital transmission, common-mode rejection is achieved using CMR filters, and the unbalanced phase, caused by a length difference between the two signal lines of a DL, is compensated by inserting an additional delay line. However, due to nonlinear phase interactions between the two DLs and unbalanced electromagnetic (EM) interferences, the conventional compensation method is frequency-limited at around 10 GHz. To significantly enhance the common-mode rejection level and extend the phase recovery bandwidth, the proposed CMR structure utilizes a planar balanced line (BL), such as a coplanar stripline (CPS) or a parallel stripline (PSL), along with additional conductor strips arranged laterally near the BL. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed BL-based CMR structures, various types of CMR structures are fabricated, and the measurement results are compared with the 3D EM simulation results. As a result, it is proven that the proposed BL-based CMR structures have the capability to reject the common-mode noise with suppression levels of more than 10 dB and to simultaneously recover the phase balance from near DC to over 40 GHz.

Unusual patterns of codeswitching in an unbalanced bilingual person with aphasia: effects of language and executive functions impairment

ABSTRACT Background Bilingual individuals with aphasia may exhibit unique patterns of language impairment and recovery. While code-switching (CS) is a common feature of bilingual speech, pathological CS following brain damage can provide insights into the neural mechanisms controlling bilingual language processing. Aims This study aimed to examine language impairment and recovery patterns in IZ, an unbalanced Hebrew-English bilingual with non-fluent aphasia, focusing on the unusual CS behavior observed during his subacute phase of recovery. Methods and procedures IZ underwent language and narrative assessments in both languages during the subacute and chronic phases of recovery. Ten cognitive tests were administered to assess various domains of cognitive function. Language performance was evaluated through naming and syntactic processing tasks in L1-Hebrew and L2-English. The frequency and type of CS were analyzed using the matrix language frame model. Outcomes and results During the subacute phase, IZ displayed significant language deficits in both L1-Hebrew and L2-English, with more severe impairment in L1-Hebrew naming and L2-English syntactic processing. He exhibited frequent involuntary CS, primarily using L1-Hebrew as the matrix language while embedding L2-English content words. Cognitive testing revealed reduced performance across multiple domains. In the chronic phase, IZ showed parallel improvements in both languages, particularly in L1-Hebrew naming and L2-English syntactic processing, along with a marked reduction in CS frequency. Conclusions IZ’s case demonstrates a double dissociation between lexical and syntactic processing across L1 and L2. The results suggest that matrix language selection in bilinguals may be governed by distinct neural mechanisms for each language, with specific brain regions responsible for activating lexical representations. Damage to these regions may lead to pathological CS, as observed in this case. This study underscores the importance of understanding bilingual language control mechanisms in aphasia rehabilitation.

Zona Incerta GABAergic Neurons Facilitate Emergence from Isoflurane Anesthesia in Mice.

The zona incerta (ZI) predominantly consists of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neurons, located adjacent to the lateral hypothalamus. GABA, acting on GABAA receptors, serves as a crucial neuromodulator in the initiation and maintenance of general anesthesia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of ZI GABAergic neurons in the general anesthesia process. Utilizing in-vivo calcium signal optical fiber recording, we observed a decrease in the activity of ZI GABAergic neurons during isoflurane anesthesia, followed by a significant increase during the recovery phase. Subsequently, we selectively ablated ZI GABAergic neurons to explore their role in general anesthesia, revealing no impact on the induction of isoflurane anesthesia but a prolonged recovery time, accompanied by a reduction in delta-band power in mice under isoflurane anesthesia. Finally, through optogenetic activation/inhibition of ZI GABAergic neurons during isoflurane anesthesia, we discovered that activation of these neurons facilitated emergence without affecting the induction process, while inhibition delayed emergence, leading to fluctuations in delta band activity. In summary, these findings highlight the involvement of ZI GABAergic neurons in modulating the emergence of isoflurane anesthesia.

Response of bacterial communities and soil chemistry to flood durations and recovery phases

Response of bacterial communities and soil chemistry to flood durations and recovery phases

Recovery control of autonomous underwater vehicles based on modified delay-product-type functional

This paper focuses on the recovery process of autonomous underwater vehicles, emphasizing a hierarchical framework in which autonomous underwater vehicles are categorized into a mothership and sub-vessels. In the recovery phase, following the completion of an underwater mission, sub-vessels navigate towards a location designated by the mothership. The crux of the recovery hinges on the design of the controller for adapting communication delays induced by environmental in underwater communication transmissions. The mothership and sub-vessels constitute a collaborative multi-autonomous underwater vehicles network equipped with these controllers, making them operate through the synchronized adjustment of their states represented in error terms. A delay-dependent controller condition criterion is proposed based on the modified delay-product-type Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. The controller with the gain obtained from the criterion manages the system effectively and ensures successful recovery. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study involving a network comprising one leading and four following autonomous underwater vehicles.