Industrial Recovery Research Articles

Understanding the Behavioral Intentions about Holidays in the Shadow of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of Protection Motivation Theory.

The research aims to investigate the emotional response and protective behaviors of domestic tourists’ post-pandemic period and their holiday intentions or holiday avoidance behaviors. For this reason, understanding tourist behavior during and after significant tourism crises is critical for the recovery of the tourism industry. To achieve this aim, first, we examine the effects of perceived vulnerability and perceived severity factors in the threat appraisal of domestic tourists, the effects of the response efficacy, response cost, and self-efficacy factors in the coping appraisal, and the effects of fear and hope factors as the anticipatory emotion responses regarding protection motivation. Second, we measure the effect of protection motivation on the factors of taking a vacation and avoiding a vacation, which constitute behavioral intention. This study applies the health-related protection motivation theory to explore how domestic tourists’ behavioral intentions are influenced by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the post-pandemic period. The study includes citizens residing in Türkiye who have had at least one-holiday experience in the last five years. Online questionnaire surveys were administered to 1391 domestic tourists. In the research, in addition to testing the validity and reliability of the scales, simple linear regression analysis was used to test the model based on the hypotheses experimentally. The results show that factors have internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Response cost and hope variables are ineffective in predicting the protection motivation, and all other effect sizes (f2) are positive. All hypotheses have been supported. However, the response cost (β = −0.029, p > 0.05) has no effect on protection motivation, thus only one is rejected. As a result, domestic tourists would like to maintain the assurance of their health and safety during a holiday. An integrated model with protection motivation theory and different theories as theory of planned behavior should be implemented. As a result, this will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complexity involved in the sustainable behavioral intentions in the post-COVID era.

Characterizing Ride-Hailing Driver Attrition and Supply in the City of Chicago Through the COVID-19 Pandemic

The flexible nature of on-demand ride services provided by transportation network companies (TNC) has resulted in unique supply-side challenges as the industry deals with the COVID-19 pandemic. Early during the pandemic, there was a 70% decrease in the number of drivers accepting trips on TNC platforms, as individual drivers chose to reduce their risk of viral infection and abide by social distancing recommendations. Given the two-sided market nature of TNCs, the decrease was also the effect of reduced rider demand creating a less desirable driver experience. This paper characterizes and quantifies this change in supply as it relates to driver residency, tenure, attrition, and the number of trips provided. The distribution of drivers accepting trips shifted slightly toward the lower income and higher minority areas of Chicago. Using survival analysis methods, we find that retention among drivers who started in the early months of the pandemic was significantly lower than in reference years, after six months of driving. The results of the negative binomial regression show that drivers on a single TNC platform provided 20% less trips than drivers on multiple platforms. This difference increases to 30% during the pandemic. Additionally, new drivers joined multiple apps during COVID-19, likely to serve more trips and secure higher income. The results of this paper can be used to understand and target driver retention to accelerate the recovery of the TNC industry.

Holiday travel intention in a crisis scenario: a comparative analysis of Spain's main source markets

ObjetivoEste estudio propone una extensión del modelo de la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TPB) para comprender las intenciones de visitar España de los viajeros internacionales. El objetivo es comparar si las variables que predicen la intención de viajar difieren según la nacionalidad. Esta extensión del modelo incluye variables como: riesgo percibido, lealtad al destino, experiencia de viaje anterior, clima de la opinión pública y el boca a boca electrónico (eWOM).Diseño/metodología/enfoqueSe desarrolló un modelo de indicadores y causas múltiples (MIMIC) como modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para predecir la intención de viajar de los 1978 participantes. El modelo estructural se utilizó para comprobar el modelo teórico para la muestra total y por nacionalidades (alemanes, británicos y otros países europeos).RecomendacionesLos modelos ampliados propuestos se ajustaron bien a los datos, explicando entre el 64% y el 68% de la varianza total, si bien se encontraron diferencias en función de la nacionalidad del turista. El modelo MIMIC indicó que la intención de los alemanes de viajar a un destino de vacaciones estaba influenciada por su percepción de riesgo, el eWOM y la lealtad a España. En el grupo británico, solo las variables TPB resultaron relevantes. Para el grupo de otras nacionalidades europeas, la lealtad y el eWOM también fueron significativas. Sin embargo, la experiencia de viaje, utilizada en estudios previos, se mostró no significativa en todos los grupos. En general, estos resultados ofrecen información sobre cómo las personas de diversos países y culturas adoptan los constructos antes mencionados cuando toman decisiones de viaje.Originalidad/valorEstudios previos han aplicado varios TPB extendidos a un país específico o han comparado los resultados entre países asiáticos. Nuestra propuesta hace una comparación de las variables utilizadas para predecir la intención de visitar un destino vacacional entre países europeos.

РОЗВИТОК СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА НА ОСНОВІ СТВОРЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ БІЗНЕС-МОДЕЛІ ПОВОЄННОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТУРИЗМУ В УКРАЇНІ

The article reveals the essence of the development of a strategic partnership based on the creation of an innovative business model for the post-war development of the tourism industry in Ukraine. A number of factors were identified that had a negative impact on the state of tourism in Ukraine during the war. It was established that the development and further implementation of an innovative business model of the post-war development of the tourism industry on the basis of strategic partnership practices will help to form a strategy for the development of the tourism industry in Ukraine on an innovative basis to restore the potential of the tourism industry in Ukraine and achieve its competitive advantages. It has been proven that in order to develop a strategic partnership based on the creation of an innovative business model of the post-war development of the tourism industry in Ukraine, it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis of the existing methodological and methodical support for the factors of the development of the tourism industry of Ukraine, to analyze the world experience and best practices in the field of the tourism industry. It was found that the result of the development and further implementation of the innovative business model of the post-war development of the tourism industry on the basis of strategic partnership practices is the improvement of the strategy for the development of the tourism industry in Ukraine on an innovative basis, which, in turn, contributes to the restoration of the potential of the tourism industry in Ukraine and the achievement of its competitive advantages in the international arena. There will also be further recommendations on the practical use of advanced information technologies in the provision of hotel services and the development of new tourist services, focused on the creation of new tourist products, new methods of customer service and pricing policy. It was determined that the priority goal of creating an innovative business model for the post-war development of the tourism industry in Ukraine is: substantiation of directions for the strategic development of tourism in Ukraine; solving tasks related to the recovery and development of the tourism industry at the stage of post-war recovery; introduction of advanced information technologies, development and development of new tourist products in the tourism industry of Ukraine. An algorithm for the development of scientific-methodical and organizational foundations of Ukraine's strategic partnership in the post-war period through the implementation of an innovative business model for the development of the tourism industry is proposed.

PERAN DINAS PARIWISATA PROVINSI BALI DALAM IMPLEMENTASI CHSE PADA HOTEL DAN RESTORAN DI BALI

Bali is a province whose economic sector is dominated by the tourism industry and is one of the victims of the impact of restrictions on the movement of world tourists caused by Covid-19. PHRI published since the beginning of the pandemic until April 2020 there were 281 hotels and 19 restaurants in Bali that had stopped operating. Kemenparekraf helps the Bali Government Tourism in taking a role for the recovery of the tourism industry and continue to operate in the pandemic situations. This study aims to explain the role of the Bali Government Tourism during the Covid-19 pandemic in implementing CHSE in hotel and restaurant businesses in Bali. This study uses a qualitative method with purposive techniques in determining informants, namely the Bali Provincial Tourism Office, PHRI Bali, hotel and restaurant business actors in the Sanur, Ubud and Nusa Dua areas. Data was collected by means of structured and open interviews. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study explain that the role of the Bali Provincial Tourism Office as a facilitator, regulator and catalyst is implemented with programs that is carried out as well as the implementation of CHSE to suppress the spread and education of Covid-19 prevention in hotel and restaurant businesses and gain the trust of potential tourists to come to Bali so that the wheels of the economy Bali goes on. All of these activities involve various parties such as associations, academics, government institutions, national media, business actors, Balinese people to tourists who are stay in and want to go to Bali.

Building information modelling a key for construction industry recovery post-Covid-19

Several countries have introduced and several kinds of research have discussed the performance of building information modelling (BIM) as an information technology trend. Despite its potential impact on construction performance, this concept has not attracted the attention of many countries such as Morocco. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) broke out when the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry was suffering from several shortcomings, mainly the poor technology exploitation cited in the literature. Although this has weakened the sector, it is a real opportunity to assimilate and understand the role of technology, particularly BIM. In this context, the main objective is to draw conclusions on the role of BIM during and after Covid-19 through the analysis of the AEC industry in Morocco and the benchmarking of BIM contributions during this health crisis. A qualitative approach was conducted, including the analysis of the pre-Covid-19, Covid-19 and post-epidemic phases and the benchmarking of the contribution of BIM. This study demonstrates the inevitability of adopting critical thinking when it comes to solutions about the evolution of the construction sector and the practical implications for a successful revival of the AEC industry post-Covid-19. It contributes to the body of knowledge on AEC in the face of this universal pandemic. The findings are relevant to all countries where information technology exploitation is absent or weak.

Practical teaching tips on designing authentic assessments in Tourism, Hospitality and Events (THE) higher education

ABSTRACT This paper presents practical teaching tips on how to design authentic assessments in THE education. As higher education providers are placing more emphasis on preparing students to be job ready, resulting in pivoting courses to deliver new approaches due to the pandemic. Considering new frameworks that assist in student learning and positive student experience are now essential. New ways of delivery that involve virtual platforms, students as co-creators, and industry are key pedagogical shifts in the reengineering of assessments. Therefore, ensuring assessments continue to reflect real-world practices while considering how students rebuild trust for industry recovery are current critical key considerations.

What Safety and Security Measures Really Matter in the Post-COVID Recovery of the Hospitality Industry? An Analysis of the Visitor’s Intention to Return in Spain

In times of COVID-19, trust in safety and security measures in the hospitality industry has become a key variable for destination management and recovery; but what are the main measures that should be applied to ensure visitors’ confidence? This paper seeks to understand and identify the main tools proving efficient in ensuring the return of visitors. With this aim, the perception of tourists visiting the Region of Murcia (Spain) during 2021 is analyzed. Main results state that the adoption of anti-COVID measures by establishments positively influences user’s satisfaction and their intention to repeat. Moreover, disinfection and hygienic measures along with capacity restrictions are identified as the preferred measures. Visitors were also asked about how new technology measures recently developed by the industry could influence their intention to return. Results show that those aimed at monitoring air quality and cleaning and disinfection of spaces are crucial. These findings contribute relevant recommendations for the hospitality industry and destination managers in a post-COVID horizon.

Marketing of iron ore products under COVID-19 pandemic conditions

Marketing of iron ore products under the COVID-19 pandemic conditions became a robustness test for the metallurgy sector and the whole global economy. Most of the countries imposed various restrictions on the frontier crossing and business activities, the industrial scheduling and freight flows were essentially revised, and the supply and demand for goods and raw materials was accordingly restructured. The raised social expenditures in many countries resulted in higher issues of banknotes by central banks. The commodity markets experienced alternating price behavior of basic materials. Staring from the second half of 2020, the deferred demand for metal grew gradually, which entailed the additional requirement of the raw material and the rising prices quotes. In 2021, including recovery of metallurgy industry, the iron ore prices on the world markets continued rising. In the conditions of periodically shut-off paths of supplies (mostly because of the pandemic) and under varying demand for mineral raw materials, Lebedinsky GOK maintained its production capacity utilization and remained present on all critical markets. To this effect, Lebedinsky GOK improved the range of products, flexibly changed sales and logistics depending on the market situation, closely cooperated with all production units within the Metalloinvest Group and preserved the yield of iron ore and hot briquetted iron (HBI). Within a short term, Lebedinsky GOK successfully tuned up production of premium quality pellets, which was internationally appreciated, as well as increased production of re-enriched concentrate and its shipment to Mikhailovsky GOK for manufacturing higher quality pellets in the framework of economic cooperation at the Metalloinvest Group of Companies. In the period of the pandemic, Lebedinsky GOK successfully maintained stable iron ore production and shipment at the effective healthcare and health protection.

Deferred Demand for Tourist Services as a Factor of Tourism Development in the Post-Pandemic Period in the World and Ukraine

The study reveals the essence of the phenomenon of deferred demand as an engine of the development of post-COVID tourism. Professor Simon Hudson's opinion on the peculiarities of tourism development in the COVID and post-COVID periods according to his published work “COVID-19 & Travel Impacts, Responses and Outcomes” is presented. The trends of the development and recovery of the tourism industry in the world in the post-pandemic period are highlighted, taking into account the effect of the deferred demand factor. The peculiarities of the development and restoration of the tourism industry and the field of hospitality in Ukraine in the post-pandemic period are shown, with examples from the domestic practice of outbound and inbound tourism.

Formation of a brand of sustainable industrial development in the postwar period

Purpose. To develop the main directions of industrial recovery as a necessary stage for the formation of a sustainable economy in the postwar period. To develop tools and approaches to rebuild war-torn industries. Methodology. Methods used are: abstraction and critical analysis in forming the theme and purpose of the work; content analysis for analytical review of the literature; ascent from the abstract to the concrete to form an algorithm for developing a strategy for reconstruction; analysis and synthesis to analyze the amount of losses; idealization and formalization to formulate directions of industrial recovery; system analysis to form a project approach to reconstruction; comparative analysis to stratify the losses of industries. Findings. The amount of losses of the mining and metallurgical industry is analyzed and it is pointed out that the reason was not only physical destruction, but also the forced closure of enterprises. Assessment of the amount of assistance by its types is performed, which allowed estimating the approximate amount and direction of assistance for recovery in the postwar period. It is noted that the main task in the process of recovery of industries is their deep modernization and introduction of the latest technologies into the production cycle, which will create the preconditions for a sustainable economy. Originality. It is stated that a single strategic development program is needed to restore the work of industrial infrastructure. The solution of tactical tasks should be consistent with the strategic program. To implement the program and the tasks of a sustainable economy, an Algorithm for developing a strategy for economic reconstruction has been developed. To increase the efficiency of reconstruction industries, use of the project approach is proposed. Projects must be implemented in accordance with the single strategic development program. Practical value. The main directions of industrial recovery with the emphasis on its reform are formulated and recommendations on tools and approaches of implementing the strategic program of industrial reconstruction are given.

LOSSES AND RESCUE AREAS OF TOURISM BUSINESS UNDER THE WAR IN UKRAINE

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to assess the losses of domestic tourism from Ukraine’s war with russia and to provide recommendations for saving the tourist business based on this analysis. The analysis of tourism losses from the war with russia was carried out in several directions: actual expenses in the form of a decrease in tax revenues to the budgets of various levels (including due to a reduction in the number of taxpayers); direct losses from the destruction of tourist industry facilities; indirect losses from the reduction of income from tourism in the future; the need to restore the tourism industry. Thus, since the beginning of the armed invasion of Russia, there has been a 10% decrease in the number of tourist enterprises with a 24% decrease in the total amount of taxes paid by tourism entities. The total amount of direct losses due to the destruction of tourism industry assets, of which 28 objects were destroyed and 21 objects were damaged (excluding cultural and religious buildings), is UAH 0.40 billion. The total indirect losses of the tourism industry, measured by the decrease in income from tourism, are estimated at UAH 110.8 billion, which is 3% of all indirect losses of the Ukrainian economy from the russian invasion. The total preliminary need for the restoration of the tourism industry is estimated at 16.80 billion UAH, which is only 0.26% of the total need for the restoration of the economy of Ukraine. We concluded that the costs of restoring the tourism industry can also be divided into direct (repair and reconstruction of tourist industry facilities, costs of demining, etc.) and indirect, for example, costs of the restoration / construction of roads, bridges, airports, without which the tourist industry cannot function normally. So, the projected costs for the recovery of the tourism industry are much higher because they include the costs for the recovery of many other branches of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the losses of the tourism business of Ukraine from the war, we proposed a set of measures for the gradual recovery of tourism activities, which can be divided into 5 blocks or parts that are interconnected and complement each other’s effectiveness: financial support; territorial improvement of tourist flows (transport logistics); industry optimization (combination of enterprises into cluster formations); improving marketing through the creation of a national tourism marketing organization and its affiliates; sectoral improvement of tourism in Ukraine. The implementation of these measures, combined with the synergistic effect of their simultaneous application, will save the tourism industry of Ukraine for posterity. Key words: tourism, tourism business, tourism industry, tourism subjects, losses, expenses, tourist tax.

Quality Service Delivery Between Service Failure and Service Recovery in Hospitality Industry - A Place for Enjoyment

Having good customer satisfaction by providing excellent quality services are important in running a successful hospitality business. Every establishment needs to deliver quality service and quality products, which are critical, factors for the success of any business. Also, Managers need to understand how to encourage their staff to implement quality measures to assure service guarantee and retain customer relationships to implicate the re-visit and deliver the positive word of mouth. This study aims to explore the effect of delivery of quality service and service recovery on tourism satisfaction including the success of the business. The exploration involves how to recover a service failure and how to improve employee performance through examination of the gap between management and customer’s expectation. This study has revealed that quality service and customer satisfaction are critical factors for the success of hospitality and tourism business. In this research as a part of the qualitative research, the focus group interviewing is used to obtain adequate information from the participants to understand their perception to assess the delivery of the quality service and the techniques of recovery approach after showing the service failure.

Optimization of Container Shipping Network Reconfiguration under RCEP

Due to its advantages of large transportation volume and low transportation cost, container shipping has become an important transportation mode in current international trade. The recovery of the shipping industry in 2021 and the signing of RCEP make the reconfiguration and optimization of the container shipping network a very important task at present. The network service capability is an important factor affecting the container shipping network. Based on the complex network theory, the coefficients of port location, the importance of distance and route among ports are taken as the service capacity reconfiguration coefficients of the global container shipping network. A max-min mixed integer model is established for global container shipping network reconfiguration. A sort of communication-reducing conjugate gradient method based on Krylov Subspace (CR-CG-KS) is proposed to reduce the reconfiguration computation. The results show that the global container shipping network does not need large-scale reconfiguration but requires small-scale changes to optimize the network feature vector centrality and make the network more balanced and stable. This study is beneficial for business managers to proactively respond to the future development of the shipping network and improve the operational efficiency of the global container shipping network.

Effects of COVID-19 on China's civil aviation passenger transport market

COVID-19 has had an unprecedented impact on the civil aviation transportation sector. This study uses COVID-19 statistics and socioeconomic development data for various cities in China, combined with the Moran index and econometric models to analyse the spatial distribution of China's epidemic and civil aviation passenger throughput, as well as the impact of COVID-19 and socioeconomic factors on the civil aviation passenger transport market. We find that COVID-19 spread from Wuhan to the surrounding cities, showing a positive spatial autocorrelation; civil aviation passenger throughput decreased significantly in cities where the virus continued to spread and recurred frequently. Due to the effective prevention and control of the pandemic in China, the domestic passenger transport industry recovered rapidly, while international air passenger services continued to suffer; major cities with high social and economic development still show a large decline in passenger transport, but they are again undertaking most passenger transport services. COVID-19's impact on tourism has affected the civil aviation industry significantly, whose recovery depends on the tourism industry's recovery; this, in turn, is led by regions with a high degree of social and economic development.

Proposition of a structural model for business value creation based on circular business models, innovation, and resource recovery in the pet industry

AbstractBased on the assumptions of circular economy, resource recovery, and innovation, the aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between innovation constructs, resource recovery practices, Circular Economy Business Models (CEBMs), and value creation in a fast‐growing emerging economy. A set of empirical data from 443 companies in the pet industry were used. In terms of methodology, the study was processed using the SPSS software, using Structural Equation Modeling, with manipulation of primary data. CEBMs demand greater engagement, internalization of initiatives, and synergy with the operating ecosystem of the pet industry. Innovation is present but has the potential for expansion through adherence to the innovation ecosystem and its technological package, partnerships, and relationships so that companies can scale up and create value with the support of resource recovery practices. The results of this study can be useful for companies in the pet industry, as it allows the identification of areas and practices that require their attention to improve organizational performance and create value for the business based on initiatives supported by the assumptions of circular economy and sustainability.

The effect of threat and fear of COVID-19 on booking intentions of full board hotels: The roles of perceived coping efficacy and present-hedonism orientation

This study proposes a novel theoretical model on the negative effect of the perceived cognitive threat and fear of COVID-19 on full board hotel booking intentions, which includes the moderating effects of perceived coping efficacy and present-hedonism orientation. The model was tested with a representative online sample (N = 400) of the Spanish population older than 35 years. The results confirmed negative effects of threat and fear of COVID-19 on hotel booking intentions, as well as a negative moderating effect of perceived coping efficacy on the influence of fear of COVID-19. However, coping efficacy did not moderate the effect of perceived cognitive threat on hotel booking intentions. The present-hedonism orientation positively affected full board hotel booking intentions, but did not, however, reduce the negative effect of threat or fear on those intentions. The findings provide new insights for hospitality managers that can contribute to accelerate the recovery of the hospitality industry.

A DFT Study of the Ag-Doped h-BN Monolayer for Harmful Gases (NO2, SO2F2, and NO)

In the post-epidemic era, the rapid recovery of industry and commerce has significantly improved the economic development level of countries. However, the attendant problem of harmful gas emissions has received renewed attention. To solve this problem, the first thing is to use appropriate methods for real-time, accurate, and convenient monitoring of harmful gases. In this study, based on the first-principles density functional theory, we proposed an Ag-doped h-BN monolayer gas sensor for monitoring harmful gases (NO2, SO2F2, and NO). The DMol3 and CASTEP modules were used to optimize the molecular structures, and the optimal structure was obtained through a large number of calculations. Then, the adsorption process was modeled and simulated according to different positions and orientations. The results show that the proposed Ag-doped h-BN monolayer is very effective for the detection of three kinds of harmful gases. The adsorption between the substrate and the target gas is between physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, and the gas sensing performance is SO2F2 > NO2 > NO. In this study, the microscopic gas sensing mechanism and macroscopic gas sensing characteristics were clarified from the theoretical point of view, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of Ag-doped h-BN monolayer and provide new ideas and ways for the development of gas sensors.

The Main Trends and Challenges in The Development of the Different Industries During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract The purpose of the research in this article is to investigate the main trends in the development of the different industries during the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify the main problems facing the different industries in the context of the global crisis, as well as to form the basic concepts necessary for a real recovery of the global industry. The authors identify the main problems facing the aviation industry in the developing world crisis and possible ways to solve them. As a working hypothesis, it is proposed to form the basic concepts necessary for preparing and implementing operational measures to restore passenger and cargo aviation. Considering the main threats facing the aviation industry during COVID-19, the article proposes the organizational and economic mechanisms to restore the industry. Furthermore, several recovery scenarios are considered, considering the relevant factors that have a particular impact. Next, a novel mathematical model for pharmaceutical products, which are the most important in COVID-19 pandemics, is proposed. Moreover, the model considers the uncertainty, and a robust optimization approach is applied. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of documentary data provided by government agencies in several European countries. An analysis of global and Russian passenger traffic for Q1-Q4 (quartile) of 2020 and a development forecast for Q1-Q2 of 2021 is provided. The scenario problems facing the aviation industry in the context of the COVID-19 crisis are identified. There are key concepts necessary to prepare and implement effective measures to restore the aviation industry.

Determination of Pressure Drop Correlation for Air Flow through Packed Bed of Sinter Particles in Terms of Euler Number

In order to clearly understand the air flow resistance characteristics in vertical tanks for sinter waste heat recovery in the steel industry, experimental research on the air flow pressure drop (FPD) performance in a sinter bed layer (BL) was conducted. Based on a self-made experimental device, the measurement values of air FPD for different experimental conditions were determined firstly, and then the concept of Euler number (Eu) in heat exchangers was introduced into the study of air FPD in BL; the change rules of Eu under different particle diameters were analyzed. Finally, the air FPD correlation in sinter BL was obtained and described in the form of Eu, and the error analysis of obtained air FPD correlation was performed. The results show that, the air FPD increases as a second power relationship with the increase in air superficial velocity when the particle diameter is constant. The decrease amplitude of Eu gradually dwindles when increasing the Reynolds number (Re), and the decrease in the Eu shows a reciprocal relationship with the Re. As the bed geometry factor increases, the FPD coefficient, A, decreases as an exponential relationship, while the FPD coefficient, B, increases as a first power relationship. The obtained air FPD correlation in the form of Eu in the experiment is well compatible with the measurement values, and the mean deviation of obtained correlation is 4.67%, showing good originality.