Gain Recovery Research Articles

Active Modelocking Improvement of MIR-QCL by Integrating Graphene as a Saturable Absorber

The active mode-locking technique of quantum cascade lasers is highly affected by the bias current level and the magnitude of the modulated signal because of the spatial hole burning effect. The laser generates a stable pulse train near the threshold current and for a high modulation magnitude. We show in this paper an improvement of these conditions with an integration of a single-layer graphene which works as a saturable absorber. The light-matter interaction in the laser active region is described by the two-level Maxwell-Bloch equations and in graphene layer by the Maxwell-Ampere equation and Maxwell-Bloch equations. These system equations are solved using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method which has the main advantage of not involving any approximation. The weakly coupled splitting scheme is adopted for the time discretization of Maxwell and Bloch equations. The graphene saturable absorption is modelled by a saturable conductivity in Maxwell-Ampere equation and with the dipole moment and carrier density in Maxwell-Bloch equations. For a QCL structure with a gain recovery time of 50 ps, simulation results show better stability of the mode-locking over a broad range of injection current and for smaller magnitude of the modulated signal. QCL structure with gain recovery time close to 1 ps reveals the generation of two pulses per roundtrip linked to spatial hole burning. The carrier grating strength can be reduced by changing the boundary conditions of the cavity such as with a high reflectivity mirror in front of graphene layer.

Carrier dynamics in quantum-dot tunnel-injection structures: Microscopic theory and experiment

Tunneling-injection structures are incorporated in semiconductor lasers in order to overcome the fundamental dynamical limitation due to hot carrier injection by providing a carrier transport path from a cold carrier reservoir. The tunneling process itself depends on band alignment between quantum-dot levels and the injector quantum well, especially as in these devices LO-phonon scattering is dominant. Quantum dots with their first excited state near the quantum well bottom profit the most from tunnel coupling. As inhomogeneous broadening is omnipresent in quantum dot structures, this implies that individual members of the ensemble couple differently to the injector quantum well. Quantum dots with higher energy profit less, as the phonon couples to higher, less occupied states. Likewise, if the energy difference between ground state and quantum well exceeds the LO-phonon energy, scattering becomes increasingly inefficient. Therefore, within 20–30 meV, we find quantum dots that benefit substantially different from the tunnel coupling. Furthermore, in quantum dots with increasing confinement depth, excited states become successively confined. Here, scattering gets more efficient again, as subsequent excited states reach the phonon resonance with the quantum well bottom. Our results provide guidelines for the optimization of tunnel-injection lasers. Theoretical results for electronic state calculations in connection with carrier–phonon and carrier–carrier scattering are compared to the experimental results of the temporal gain recovery after a short pulse perturbation.

Characterization of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) for Space Exploration

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are the devices, which along with scintillation detectors can be used for the radiation measurements. We are developing instruments using scintillation detector and SiPM arrays for the measurements of high-energy X-rays and charged particles. These instruments are being developed for the future space exploration programs. Here, we report the work carried out for the characterization of SiPM and its response in the hardened environments. Results from two different experiments are presented. In the first experiment: electrical characterizations of SiPMs from two manufacturers i.e. SensL (now Onsemi) and Ketek have been carried out. Three different pixel sizes 20 μm, 35 μm and 50 μm of MicroC series from SensL and 50 μm pixel size of PM3350 series of Ketek have been tested. In order to see ‘device – to - device’ variations, three SiPMs of each pixel size are used in the experiment i.e. total twelve SiPMs have been characterized for the breakdown voltage, quenching resistor and their temperature dependences. Variations in the gain and microcell recovery time due to temperature are also estimated. In the second experiment: one of the SiPM models (SensL make 35 μm pixel size) has been subjected to various environmental tests mimicking the space conditions. Matching of pre and post I-V measurements for each tests confirms that performance of the device is not degraded and hence selected model of SiPM can be explored for the future space instrumentation.

Long-Term Evolution of Vestibular Compensation, Postural Control, and Perceived Disability in a Population of Patients with Vestibular Neuritis.

Objectives. The aim was to analyze and compare the compensatory process, vestibular dysfunction, postural control, and perceived disability in a population of patients with vestibular neuritis (VN). Material and Methods. This is a prospective and longitudinal study of 67 patients diagnosed with VN. Inclusion criteria were sudden onset of vertigo, unidirectional spontaneous horizontal nystagmus, and impairment in vestibular test. Exclusion criteria were imaging or clinical findings of any neurotologic disorder. All vestibular tests were performed; vHIT, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), caloric test and computerized dynamic posturography (CDP), dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), and visual analogue scale (VAS) were also performed at every follow up. Results. We observed a correlation between the composite score of CDP and baseline vestibular function elicited either by caloric test, VEMPs, or vHIT. There was a significant correlation between baseline vestibular function and first visit questionnaire scores. The main gain recovery for the horizontal canal was 0.1 ± 0.04 for the first three months. After that, the gain recovery significantly decreased. The presence of covert and overt saccades’, latency and amplitude decreased, respectively, after the 6-month period, when compared to the baseline results. We also observed a decrease in the PR score from 3 months after the vestibular insult until the last follow up. We observed a significant decrease in DHI and VAS from the first visit until the last one. Those patients with an initial HC gain below 0.5 had significantly higher DHI and VAS scores at every follow up. Conclusions. There are different measurements that could become a complete measurement of the state of compensation, postural control, and disability of the patients. There is a time window in which the vestibular restoration could give us clinical insights regarding the management of VN patients.

Wearable Multimodal Vital Sign Monitoring Sensor With Fully Integrated Analog Front End

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a widespread disease and the leading cause of death worldwide. Home care is essential for patients with CVD, and it involves the daily monitoring of important CVD-related vital signs using methods including electrocardiography (ECG), heart rate monitoring, pulse oximetry (SpO2), and continuous blood pressure measurement. However, a wearable device that can monitor these parameters simultaneously remains unavailable; herein, we propose a lightweight, highly integrated sensor that can do so. In this sensor, an analog front end (AFE) integrated chip (IC) is implemented in the sensor to detect one-lead ECG and two-wavelength photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. The highly integrated IC minimizes both the size and power requirement of the sensor. Moreover, its comprehensive functions include adjustable gain, current compensation, lead off, and fast recovery—all of which are crucial for wearable applications in large populations. Accordingly, the sensor can apply the adaptive adjust method to automatically adjust the IC parameters to suit a range of applications and users. In addition, the heart rate is calculated from the R-R interval from the ECG signals, whereas the SpO2 is calibrated with a univariate quadratic equation with less than 1% mean error. Our sensor can also calculate the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by using a support vector machine based calibration-less model with the features of infrared PPG and ECG signals. The model is trained on our pre-collected wearable dataset and has a mean error ± standard deviation of −2.10 ± 7.07 mmHg for SBP and 0.04 ± 7.34 mmHg for DBP in 16 volunteers. In conclusion, this paper reports on a multimodal, vital sign monitoring sensor—with small size, low power, and dynamic compatibility—suitable for patients with CVD under home care.

Combining ground-penetrating radar sections with different antenna frequencies including time-frequency domain noise suppression filters

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most useful geophysical methods that rapidly and efficiently provide high-resolution subsurface images depending on antenna frequencies and target depth. Recently, to enrich the interpretation of GPR sections, multifrequency sections have been combined at deeper and shallower levels in a profile. In this context, the techniques of combination and image quality improving processes of GPR data also have gained importance. For this, simple summation (SS) and time-shifted balanced summation (TSBS) techniques, frequency-domain local mean notch filter (FDLMNF), frequency-space ( f- x) filter, and automatic gain control (AGC) processes are sequentially applied within a workflow. Although the FDLMNF is used to effectively remove single-frequency spike-like noises without distortion around the notch frequency, the f- x filter is applied to suppress the random noise and improve the lateral traceability of the section, and AGC provides a statistically based gain recovery. In the proposed workflow, after generating synthetic and field GPR data with 100 and 250 MHz frequencies, data were combined using SS and TSBS techniques. Finally, FDLMNF, f- x, and AGC were applied to increase the image quality of this combined section. The result sections were evaluated and compared using the Fourier average amplitude and f- k spectra. According to the spectra, the TSBS technique provides good spectral balancing and offers wider spectral content. At the same time, it was observed that the image quality of the combined GPR sections increased significantly after applying FDLMNF, f- x, and AGC processes. As a result, when the sections resulting from SS and TSBS techniques are examined, the image enhancement processes that protect and strengthen the spectral bandwidth of the data are successful. Thus, the temporal resolution and spatial continuity of GPR sections also will be increased, and a better quality interpretation will be provided.

Hybrid fiber laser integrating fast and slow active media for accurate synthesis of high-energy arbitrary optical waveforms by cavity dumping

We demonstrate the possibility of the accurate direct laser synthesis of high-energy arbitrary optical waveforms by the programmable driving of partial cavity dumping in a specific continuous-wave fiber laser. To this effect we have developed an original hybrid laser configuration which integrates two different active media. The first medium, a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), acts as a saturated lumped preamplifier. It features a relatively fast (sub-nanosecond) gain recovery, and thus effectively suppresses the intracavity power fluctuations induced by cavity dumping. The second active medium, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), acts mainly as a booster amplifier. This distributed inertial amplifying medium effectively accumulates pump energy, thereby providing an enhancement of output energy upon cavity dumping. Our simple proof-of-concept laser setup has allowed the synthesis of nanosecond arbitrary optical waveforms with an energy up to 40 nJ and arbitrarily tunable repetition rate. The proposed combination of a slow (EDFA) and fast (SOA) amplifying stages prevents the laser from strong relaxation oscillations and power flux fluctuations which essentially restrict cavity dumping in conventional rare-earth-doped fiber lasers. The applied two-stage intracavity spectral filtering ensures spectral purity of a rather narrowband (⩽0.1 nm) laser output. For the purpose considered, the integrated SOA-EDFA laser configuration is preferable to a conventional architecture ‘master oscillator—power amplifier’ whose nonlinear gain can obstruct the accurate synthesis of high-energy optical waveforms.

Collision and State Transition of Dissipative Solitons Induced by Gain Dynamics

Based on the experimental platform of an L-band normal-dispersion mode-locked fiber laser, we report the first observation, to the best of our knowledge, of the collision of dissipative solitons (DSs) and concomitant state transition with chaotic behavior by the dispersive Fourier transform technique (DFT). The gain depletion and recovery of Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> in L-band cause the DSs that are close to each other to experience different gain spectra, thus giving them different central wavelengths and group velocities. As a result, collisions occur and lead to transitions between different pulsation and stable DS state. The experimental results provide new insights into the complex multi-soliton dynamics under unstable mode-locking conditions. It is confirmed that more than one soliton solution can coexist in a multi-pulse situation related with the gain dynamics. Our experimental results extend the exploration of multisoliton and soliton pulsation in laser state transition, and contribute to the study of soliton stability and laser dynamics.

Resonantly induced mitigation of supermode noise in a harmonically mode-locked fiber laser: revealing the underlying mechanisms.

We have performed experimental and numerical studies enabling clear insight into the physical mechanisms underlying the super-mode noise mitigation in harmonically mode-locked (HML) fiber lasers using the resonant continuous wave (CW) injection. New experiments have refined the requirements to the positions inside the laser spectrum assigned to the injected CW component, a Kelly sideband, and the transparency peaks of the birefringent fiber filter. In particular, we have proved experimentally that the noise mitigation effect is dominating with the CW injected to the long-wavelength side of laser spectrum. Injection to the opposite side destroys the HML operation regime. Our numerical simulations confirm these specific features. To get the result, we have simulated phase-locking between the CW and a single soliton. Then, the developed model has been applied to the laser cavity operating multiple pulses in the presence of the gain depletion and recovery mechanism responsible for harmonic pulse arrangement. We clearly demonstrate how the CW injection accelerates or slows down the HML process enabling the generation of additional inter-pulse forces.

Short- and long-range temporal cavity soliton interaction in delay models of mode-locked lasers.

Interaction equationsgoverning slow time evolution of the coordinates and phases of two interacting temporal cavity solitons in a delay differential equationmodel of a nonlinear mirror mode-locked laser are derived and analyzed. It is shown that long-range soliton interaction due to gain depletion and recovery can lead either to a development of a harmonic mode-locking regime or to a formation of closely packed incoherent soliton bound state with weakly oscillating intersoliton time separation. Short-range soliton interaction via electric field tails can result in an antiphase or in-phase stationary and breathing harmonic mode-locking regimes.

Antioxidative, Antidiabetic, and Hypolipidemic Properties of Probiotic-Enriched Fermented Camel Milk Combined with Salvia officinalis Leaves Hydroalcoholic Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats.

Antioxidative, antidiabetic, and hypolipidemic properties of probiotic-enriched fermented camel milk (FCM) combined with Salvia officinalis L. leaves hydroalcoholic extract (SOHE) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats were investigated. Phytochemicals analysis and antioxidant capacity indicated that S. officinalis contained high phenolics with super antioxidant activity. Subsequently, HPLC analysis demonstrated 13 phenolic acids and 14 flavonoids in considerable amounts with ferulic acid and resveratrol as predominant, respectively. The antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties of FCM and SOHE were examined in a designed animal model consisting of seven treated groups for four weeks. There was a negative group (G1); the positive group (G2) received a single dose (50 mg kg−1) of streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.); in G3, diabetic rats (DRs) orally received 5 mL FCM kg−1 daily; in G4, DRs orally received 50 mg GAE SOHE kg−1 daily; in G5, DRs orally received 5 mL FCM contains 25 mg GAE SOHE kg−1 daily; in G6, DRs orally received 5 mL FCM contains 50 mg GAE SOHE kg−1 daily; in G7, DRs orally received 50 mg metformin kg−1 daily. Combining FCM with SOHE at 25 or 50 mg kg−1 exhibited a synergistic effect in significantly lowering random blood glucose (RBG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and improved weight gain recovery %. The hypolipidemic effect of FCM + 50 mg GAE SOHE kg−1 was significantly higher than using FCM or SOHE individually, and attenuation in triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHO), and high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL), and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) was remarked. Combining FCM with SOHE at 25 or 50 mg kg−1 ameliorated liver and kidney functions better than individual uses of FCM, SOHE, or metformin. Interestingly, FCM with 50 mg SOHE kg−1 presented significant improvement in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and a substantial reduction in malonaldehyde (MDA) levels with 53.75%, 89.93%, 63.06%, and 58.69% when compared to the STZ group (G2), respectively. Histopathologically, administrating FCM + 25, 50 mg SOHE kg−1 or 50 mg kg−1 metformin showed a normal histological structure of both islets of Langerhans cells and acini. In conclusion, combining FCM with SOHE presented synergistic and therapeutical efficacy. It could be beneficial and profitable for controlling diabetes mellitus complications and protecting against oxidative stress.

Divergent Impact of Enzyme Replacement Therapy on Human Cardiomyocytes and Enterocytes Affected by Fabry Disease: Correlation with Mannose-6-phosphate Receptor Expression.

Background: The impact of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on cardiomyocytes and intestinal cells, affected by Fabry disease (FD), is still unclear. Methods: Six patients with FD, including five family members with GLA mutation c.666delC and one with GLA mutation c.658C > T, manifesting cardiomyopathy and intestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea and malabsorption) were included in the study. Clinical outcome, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), endomyocardial and gastro-intestinal biopsies were evaluated before and after 2 years of treatment with agalsidase-α (0.2 mg/kg every other week). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assessments of mannose-6-phosphate receptors (IGF-II-R) on intestinal and myocardial frozen tissue were obtained at diagnosis and after 2 years of ERT. Results: After ERT left ventricular maximal wall thickness, ranging from pre (<10.5 mm) to mild (<15 mm) and moderate hypertrophy (16 mm), was not associated with significant changes at CMR. Degree of dyspnea, mean cardiomyocyte diameter and % vacuolated areas of cardiomyocytes, representing intracellular GL3, remained unmodified. In contrast, intestinal symptoms improved with disappearance of diarrhea, recovery of anemia and weight gain, correlating with near complete clearance of the enterocytes from GL3 inclusions. IGF-II-R expression was remarkably higher even at histochemistry in intestinal tissue compared with myocardium (p < 0.001) either at baseline and after ERT, thus justifying intestinal recovery. Conclusions: Human cells affected by FD may respond differently to ERT: while cardiomyocytes retain their GL3 content after 2 years of treatment, gastro-intestinal cells show GL3 removal with recovery of function. This divergent response may be related to differences in cellular turnover, as well as tissue IGF-II-R expression.

Laser Frequency Combs with Fast Gain Recovery: Physics and Applications (Laser Photonics Rev. 16(2)/2022)

Fast Gain Recovery In article number 2100403, Marco Piccardo and Federico Capasso discuss the history, underlying physical mechanisms, and new perspectives of lasers with fast gain recovery. The review focuses on the most representative example of the class—the quantum cascade laser—and, in particular, its frequency comb regimes, from frequency-modulated states to harmonic combs to the novel spatiotemporal structures of ring lasers.

Feeding by Logistic Feed (Mash, Silage, Pellet and Wafer) Compared with Conventional Feed on Physiological, Blood Biochemical and Body Weight Gain Recovery in Tropical Sheep Pasca Transportation

Feeding by Logistic Feed (Mash, Silage, Pellet and Wafer) Compared with Conventional Feed on Physiological, Blood Biochemical and Body Weight Gain Recovery in Tropical Sheep Pasca Transportation

Design and analysis of an all-optical NAND logic gate using a photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier based on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer structure

In this study, a high-speed all-optical NAND logic gate (AO-NAND-LG) was designed and numerically simulated. The simulation was performed using the photonic crystal-semiconductor optical amplifier (PC-SOA) structure based on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer and nonlinear cross-phase modulation mechanism. The input optical pulse sequence used in the design was the return-to-zero type. Moreover, two PC-SOAs were utilized in the design of the NAND-LG. The rate and propagation equations were solved using the finite difference method. The optimal mode was achieved for NAND-LG with an energy value of 2.2 fJ for input pulse trains A and B, and an injection current of 1 mA at a bit rate of 80 Gbps. Furthermore, the impacts of the pattern effect, conversion efficiency, extinction ratio, and gain recovery on the design of the AO-NAND-LG were analyzed for the first time in simulations to enhance the performance and efficiency of the PC-SOA. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the PC-SOA exhibited better logical performance than the ordinary SOA, and it is a suitable candidate for integrated optical circuits because it is much shorter than the SOA.

Design and simulation of the all-optical XOR logic gate by XPM mechanism using photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer

In the presented structure, the performance of the all-optical XOR logic gate (AO-XOR-LG) is investigated. The XOR-LG is designed and simulated using a photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier (PC-SOA) based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) nonlinear mechanism. The input optical pulse train used in this simulation is the type of RZ (Return-to-Zero). The finite difference method (FDM) has been used to solve the rate and propagation equations. The effect of input signal energy, bias current, and group refractive index on the output signal and gain of the XOR-LG is studied. The optimal mode is obtained for the XOR-LG with a bit rate of 80 Gbps. Furthermore, for the first time, the effects of quality factor (QF), conversion efficiency (CE), extinction ratio (ER), pattern effect (PE), and gain recovery are simultaneously analyzed in the simulation to increase PC-SOA performance. According to the results, PC-SOA has a more reasonable logic performance than conventional SOA, and due to its much shorter length than SOA, it can be a much better choice for integrated optical circuits.

Laser Frequency Combs with Fast Gain Recovery: Physics and Applications

AbstractThe dynamics of semiconductor lasers with fast gain is generally considered to suppress amplitude modulation, resulting in a frequency‐modulated output. Since their first demonstration of frequency comb operation, quantum cascade lasers—ideal representatives of this class of lasers with fast gain dynamics—were indeed shown to emit frequency‐modulated combs. The understanding of these frequency comb regimes has progressively evolved, being refined from simpler arguments to more advanced theories, considering the role of Kerr nonlinearity and linewidth enhancement factor. By now, the traditional frequency‐modulated combs are rather well understood in quantum cascade lasers, but new types of frequency combs have emerged, reopening interesting physics questions in these lasers. Recent advancements on two open frontiers will be discussed: harmonic frequency combs, characterized by mode skipping of many free spectral ranges, and spatiotemporal structures with solitonic features, recently reported in unidirectional ring cavities. These new types of frequency combs open technological and fundamental perspectives, sprouting new interest in quantum cascade lasers.

Field-resolved high-order sub-cycle nonlinearities in a terahertz semiconductor laser

The exploitation of ultrafast electron dynamics in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) holds enormous potential for intense, compact mode-locked terahertz (THz) sources, squeezed THz light, frequency mixers, and comb-based metrology systems. Yet the important sub-cycle dynamics have been notoriously difficult to access in operational THz QCLs. Here, we employ high-field THz pulses to perform the first ultrafast two-dimensional spectroscopy of a free-running THz QCL. Strong incoherent and coherent nonlinearities up to eight-wave mixing are detected below and above the laser threshold. These data not only reveal extremely short gain recovery times of 2 ps at the laser threshold, they also reflect the nonlinear polarization dynamics of the QCL laser transition for the first time, where we quantify the corresponding dephasing times between 0.9 and 1.5 ps with increasing bias currents. A density-matrix approach reproducing the emergence of all nonlinearities and their ultrafast evolution, simultaneously, allows us to map the coherently induced trajectory of the Bloch vector. The observed high-order multi-wave mixing nonlinearities benefit from resonant enhancement in the absence of absorption losses and bear potential for a number of future applications, ranging from efficient intracavity frequency conversion, mode proliferation to passive mode locking.

Secure Data Sequence Recognition of All-Optical High-Speed Network Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) has nonlinear optical effect and integration advantages, and is widely used in all-optical logic gates. Hence, it is used in the identification of all-optical high-speed network security data sequences. First, the SOA model is established and then simplified based on the existing model. On this basis, the identification model of all-optical high-speed network security data sequence is established, and the concept of integrated turbo-switch is introduced. The structure of the turbo-switch is analyzed. Then, an integrated turbo-switch architecture based on SOA-Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed, and its performance is verified by simulation. A data sequence recognition method for all-optical high-speed network security is proposed based on the integrated acceleration switch, and the difficulty of result recognition is analyzed. The simulation results of integrated turbo-switch show that when 1550 nm light passes through MZI, the interference can be almost completely cancelled, and the corresponding phase difference of 1538 nm light is less than 3 radians, that is, some light can pass through MZI. After the bias current of SOA of upper and lower arms of SOA-MZI is properly adjusted, MZI can play the function of tunable filter. Adjusting the bias current of SOA1 and SOA2 in the turbo-switch can control the “overshoot” program in the gain recovery curve, make SOA2 in a saturated working state, optimize the gain recovery curve, and improve the SOArelated mode effect, so that the turbo-switch can also output a more stable waveform under continuous “1” input. The recognition difficulty test shows that the target sequence after the cycle and the data sequence to be recognized are used for the “Exclusive NOR” operation, and the “AND gate” is added to realize the data sequence recognition and reduce the recognition difficulty.

Microstructural Macular Changes after Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Purpose: This study aimed to describe foveal microstructural changes after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with air tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: External limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity, cystoid macular edema (CME), and subretinal fluid bleb (SB) development were analyzed using optical coherence tomography in 59 eyes over a 6-month follow-up period after PPV surgery for RRD. Eyes were grouped as macula-on (n = 30) or macula-off (n = 29), and the association between ELM and EZ recovery and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was investigated. Predictive factors for ELM and EZ recovery were also identified. Results: The interval between symptom onset and surgery did not significantly differ between the macula-on and macula-off groups. Macula-on patients showed ELM and EZ integrity throughout, whereas macula-off patients had ELM and EZ integrity restored in 89.7% and 86.2% cases, respectively, with a resultant increase in final BCVA. Significant associations were found between preoperative macular involvement and ELM/EZ restoration. ELM/EZ recovery was also inversely associated with CME development. Significant associations were also found between final BCVA and preoperative BCVA and EZ recovery. CME and SB development were equally distributed between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Prompt surgery for macula-off RRD allows the progressive recovery of outer retinal layers and significant visual gain.