Recovery Efforts Research Articles

Service-Learning as the Violence of Mercy after the 2010 Haitian Earthquake

This article draws on La Paperson’s (2010) notion of the “violence of mercy” to demonstrate how the service-learning response to the 2010 Haitian earthquake fits into an ongoing neocolonial mission that harms communities served (p. 25). This is done by investigating the best practices of the Haiti Compact, a cohort of American colleges and universities operating service-learning initiatives in Haiti after the earthquake in thoughtful ways intending to help with the recovery efforts while meaningfully contributing service via the ritual presence of international volunteers. Despite good intentions, their material practices of service-learning risk harm for community partners and fail to meet established best practice goals. By examining the work of service-learning educators who commit to best practices, place ethics, community, and social justice, we can understand the limits of possibility for a pedagogy that is predicated upon students entering communities as outsiders intent upon meeting community needs.

Natural disasters, stock price volatility in the property-liability insurance market and sustainability: An unexplored link

The close interrelationship between sustainability and natural disasters is both bidirectional and complex, holding paramount significance within the realm of the economics of natural disasters. The ravaging effects of natural disasters extend beyond the directly affected regions, influencing sustainability and impeding recovery efforts. The aftermaths are felt across economic sectors, making it imperative to examine the financial implications, particularly for the insurance sector, a pivotal player in disaster recovery. Despite the critical role of insurance (especially property coverage), the financial repercussions for insurance companies have not received sufficient attention in the literature. Notably, there are no studies on the evolution of their stock prices, especially their volatility, in the short and medium term. Therefore, this article respond to the call made by Eckhardt et al. [60] for studies that examine the consequences of natural disasters beyond the short term, and use econometric techniques to measure them. Moreover, it focuses on a type of consequence that remains largely unexplored in the literature: the volatility of property and liability (P&L) insurers, which is closely related to sustainability. Employing a multi-event framework, we estimate the GARCH-type model that best captures the volatility behavior of P&L insurance companies in the United States over the past decade, as well as the impact of natural disasters on that volatility, in both the short and the medium term, thus going beyond the immediate effects examined in most related studies. The conclusions are of major interest to policymakers and P&L insurers, providing the former with a series of instruments to control the volatility of the returns of P&L insurers, and stock markets over different timeframes, and providing the latter with the tools needed to better manage the volatility of their stock prices and their value-at-risk.

WHEN DISASTER STRIKES: ADDRESSING THE UNIQUE NEEDS OLDER ADULTS FACE IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Abstract Older adults are more at risk for harm in emergency situations (e.g., pandemics, natural disasters, extreme weather events) and often require more assistance in response and recovery efforts. The COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in climate related emergencies has emphasized the critical need to prepare and respond more effectively to the unique needs of older adults in emergency situations. There is much that community-based seniors serving (CBSS) organizations, emergency management professionals, and local governments can do to develop and implement policies, programs, and practices to effectively support the needs of older adults in emergency preparedness and response. In British Columbia, the COVID-19 pandemic and recent extreme weather events (i.e., forest fires, flooding, and heat waves) have prompted the development of an intentional network strategy for emergency preparedness and response. This innovative approach, which is coordinated by United Way British Columbia, has allowed for increased communication, coordination, collaboration, peer learning, and knowledge translation among CBSS agencies, as well as partner organizations, allied professionals, and other stakeholders. This presentation describes our comprehensive approach to supporting communities to understand and address the specific needs of older adults in emergency planning and management, including: 1) community grants and capacity building; 2) tools and resource development; 3) policies and rights-based strategies; and 4) fostering collaboration between CBSS agencies, emergency management professionals, and all levels of government. Examples are also provided illustrating how these approaches have been utilized in British Columbia to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and severe weather events.

Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) following Hurricane Michael: Gadsden, Calhoun, and Jackson Counties, Florida, 2020.

To assess community preparedness and ongoing recovery efforts in the rural counties most severely impacted by Hurricane Michael, including structural and economic losses, injury and illness, healthcare access, and suicide risk and ideation. The Florida Department of Health conducted a Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) in January 2020, 15 months after Hurricane Michael made landfall in October 2018. A total of 30 clusters were randomly selected from three rural counties in the Panhandle of Florida, including Jackson (15 clusters), Gadsden (11), and Calhoun (four) counties. A total of 185 face-to-face and two phone interviews were conducted with residents 18 years of age or older. Hurricane preparedness, structural and economic losses, access to care, and physical and mental health. Around 43 percent of respondents evacuated as a result of Hurricane Michael, and at least two-thirds of all respondents reported having an emergency supply kit and enough nonperishable food, water, and medication. Structural damage was extensive with 63 percent reporting home damage, averaging over $32,000. Few injuries or illnesses were reported post-landfall (9 percent), with the most common being minor injuries and bacterial infections. Most respondents reported continued access to healthcare if needed. The most common stress-related issues reported were difficulty sleeping (19 percent) and agitated behaviors (10 percent). Seven percent of respondents reported being at moderate to high risk for suicide. Rural areas may lack resources, such as healthcare facilities, skilled workers, and supplies, that hinder their ability to recover from storms when compared to more urban counties. Many residents reported that 15 months after the storm, their homes were still not fully repaired. A majority of residents were prepared with adequate supplies, had minimal disruption in employment or healthcare access, and had few illnesses or injuries during the storm or the recovery efforts.

Adaptation of commodity purchase tasks to identify substitutable substance-free alternative activities for alcohol use.

Behavioral economic frameworks emphasize the importance of contextual influences on alcohol use; therefore, identifying relative demand for alcohol versus other commodities is of importance. Cross-commodity purchase tasks allow participants to make choices across multiple concurrently available commodities and can thereby pinpoint interactions among those commodities. These tasks may help identify relevant substance-free alternative activities to target in alcohol treatment by determining whether the activity functions as a substitute for alcohol use. While substance-free activity promotion is a promising behavioral component of alcohol interventions, no research to-date has used behavioral economic methods to assess the substitutability of alternative activities for alcohol use. The present studies were preliminary assessments of novel single- and cross-commodity purchase tasks of various alternative activities (e.g., exercise, hobbies, civic involvement). Participants in Study 1 recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (n = 110) were administered a series of novel activity purchase tasks and an alcohol purchase task. Results showed excellent fit of the exponential demand equation to activity purchase task data and provided initial support for adaptation of purchase task methodology to alternative activity demand. In Study 2, participants recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (n = 108) were administered both single-commodity and cross-commodity purchase tasks of alcohol and exercise. While most participants demonstrate independent consumption of alcohol and exercise, a subset of participants substituted exercise for alcohol as indicated by quantitative cross-price elasticity indices. These response patterns highlight the importance of individual differences and hold implications for recovery efforts that promote alternative activity engagement and public policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Palu-Koro Fault on Social Media: Mixed Approach Study of Disaster Information Spread and the Potential of Geotourism Promotion

This article discusses the role of influencers, social media, and information spread in promoting the geotourism of the Palu-Koro Fault. As one of the governmental bodies responsible for geotourism, the Central Sulawesi Provincial Tourism and Creative Economy Office is trying to introduce these relatively new geotourism sites. One of the efforts is to make full use of social media. Influencers are collaborated with not only to introduce geotourism but also to build branding. Geotourism is one of the many topics brought up by social media users regarding the post-disaster recovery efforts in Pasigala. Thus, in this study, we applied a mixed-method analysis by comparing the analysis of the data collected from Twitter using a descriptive quantitative approach utilising structural and actor-based social network analysis and in-depth interview data with key informants from the Central Sulawesi Provincial Tourism and Creative Economy Office staffs and three influencers in collaboration using descriptive qualitative-case study approach utilising narrative analysis. The results showed that most Twitter users sought prominent actors, such as influencers and government officials, for information in time and after the disaster struck. While the three disasters are the most heavily discussed, post-disaster programs and plans are also prominent, including geotourism. The Central Sulawesi Provincial Tourism and Creative Economy Office collaborated with the influencers due to their ability and potential to spread information fast and wide to their followers. The message is formed to promote the newly formed geotourism sites, educate people, and build positive views of the impacted sites. Keywords: Geotourism, Palu-Koro, social media, information, social network analysis.

Responses from Businesses in Rural Communities Recovering from the 2011 Tohoku Disasters during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics

Summary The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) significantly impacted the Tohoku Region in north-eastern Japan, leading to a large number of human casualties and environmental devastation. It exacerbated pre-existing economic and demographic decline. Tourism development was promoted as part of economic recovery and revitalization efforts. With Japan securing the winning bid for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, it was hoped that having some of the Olympic activities hosted in Tohoku would contribute to recovery efforts. This case study examines the perspectives of businesses in areas located near the Olympic venues in Tohoku, on what kind of effects the Olympics had on their operations. Information © The Authors 2023

Effects of head-starting on multi-year space use and survival of an at-risk tortoise

A major challenge in the recovery of long-lived at-risk taxa like turtles is low juvenile recruitment. Head-starting—the raising of juveniles to larger sizes to improve survival—is one tool that can be used in circumstances where juvenile recruitment is limited. Due to declining populations and difficulty detecting juveniles, however, lack of knowledge of the ecology of juveniles can hinder efforts to develop and evaluate head-starting programs for many turtle species. We sought to inform recovery efforts of Mojave desert tortoises by quantifying multi-year space use and survival of head-started juveniles after release. We radio-tracked tortoises head-started under three different husbandry treatments that varied in rearing duration (from two to over six years) and whether head-starting included an indoor rearing component the first year. We compared post-release space use and survival as a function of treatment, release size, and time since release. We found that space use, including home range size and site fidelity, varied by husbandry treatment, with smaller and younger tortoises having smaller home ranges and higher site fidelity. Additionally, home range size decreased and site fidelity increased with time since release across treatments. Tortoises with an indoor-rearing component experiencing increased risk of mortality as movement increased compared to tortoises reared solely outdoors. Nevertheless, survival did not differ among treatments or with tortoise age or size. Regardless of husbandry treatment, head-started tortoises exhibited similar space-use and survival overall. Our study provides insight into juvenile tortoise behavior and head-starting as a tool for tortoise conservation.

Potensi Limbah Biomassa Menjadi Karbon Aktif Sebagai Upaya Resources Recovery : Studi Literatur

Reutilization of natural resources as a resource recovery effort is one aspect of sustainable development, one of which is the utilization of biomass waste. Biomass waste is waste from agricultural, plantation, livestock, and forestry processes that contain organic matter composed of carbon dioxide bonds, air, water, soil, and sunlight from plants and animals. Pollution by the accumulation or untreated biomass waste will result in the potential formation of greenhouse gases (GHG). One of the efforts is to utilize biomass waste into activated carbon by carbonizing and activating the biomass waste. The indication of why biomass waste can be used as a material for making activated carbon is because biomass waste contains lignocellulosic materials that have the ability to absorb metals and colors. The purpose of this paper is to see the potential of various kinds of biomass waste that can be utilized into activated carbon by conducting a journal review. The results of the review of various journals show that various kinds of biomass waste can be utilized into activated carbon. The lignocellulosic content of biomass waste consists of lignin in the range of 8%-53.85%, cellulose in the range of 6.92%-81%, and hemicellulose 11%-41%.

CASES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN HANDLED BY SENTRA PARAMITA MATARAM

Various forms of societal violence often target women, causing significant impacts on well-being and requiring substantial recovery efforts. This research aims to comprehensively explain the different forms of violence against women in Sentra Paramita Mataram. The study employs a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, enabling an in-depth exploration of experiences and perceptions of victims and a better understanding of the context of the violence. Primary subjects are women who have been victims of violence in Sentra Paramita Mataram, with social workers, psychologists, and nurses as informants. This approach allows for a thorough examination of the experiences and perceptions of victims, providing a nuanced understanding of the dynamics of violence against women in this specific setting. Data collection methods include in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The data analysis process involves presenting data, reducing data, verifying information, and drawing conclusions. Study findings reveal that the most prevalent form of violence against women in Sentra Paramita Mataram is physical violence, including actions such as causing injuries, physical assaults, torture, and rape. Non-physical incidents of violence against women, such as verbal abuse, harassment, involvement in commercial sex work, and neglect, also receive attention. Both physically and non-physically experienced violence compels victims to seek immediate assistance at Sentra Paramita Mataram, underscoring the urgent role of the center as a support and protection hub for victims. This research contributes to a profound understanding of the dynamics of violence against women in this environment and lays the groundwork for more effective intervention and prevention measures.

JALBTCX rapid-response aerial survey reconnaissance missions

Airborne Lidar and imagery is the technology of choice for mapping and quantifying impacts and conducting storm damage assessments in the aftermath of extreme storm events. Following land-falling hurricanes, for example, this technology provides data at high spatial resolution over hundreds of kilometers of hurricane-impacted shorelines in rapid fashion. To support the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and others in their emergency response mission areas, the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX) has performed rapid-response mapping for 10 hurricane and nor’easter events since Superstorm Sandy in 2012. Rapid-response data production workflows developed during the Superstorm Sandy mission have matured every year through the development and implementation of the JALBTCX Toolbox in response to requirements from engineers and scientists responsible for assessing storm impacts and making decisions related to recovery and restoration efforts. Today, the JALBTCX Toolbox is comprised of a series of modules that provide standard, streamlined, and repeatable workflows that guide users through the development of accurate datadriven information products on local, regional, and national scales. Rapid-response data products include shoreline and beach volume change in industry-standard, interoperable data formats and web services for consumption in GIS and web-based maps, dashboards, and applications. Post-response, the JALBTCX Toolbox includes modules for multi-dataset change detection analysis, the extraction of geomorphology features (e.g. dune crests and toes and sandbars), and the calculation of a Coastal Engineering Resilience Index (CERI). Future efforts will focus on further development of rapid response products in addition to the national coastal engineering resilience index that is routinely updated as new data becomes available.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN THE RECOVERY EFFORTS OF MENTALLY ILL STUDENTS AT THE BOARDING SCHOOL CONDROMOWO 2 NGAWI DISTRICT

The purpose of this article is to find out the form of interpersonal communication in the recovery efforts of mentally ill students at Condromowo 2 Islamic Boarding School and the supporting and inhibiting factors in the recovery process of mentally ill students. The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative method with data collection through interviews, observation, documentation, and literature research. The results of this analysis show that there are five forms of interpersonal communication in the recovery efforts of mentally ill students, namely dialogue, sharing, interviews, counseling, and spiritual therapy. In the process of dialoguing with students, there is one-way communication, two-way communication, the use of verbal language, and the use of non-verbal language. Sharing occurs when students already have trust in the rehabilitation sector administrators. The interview occurs when the santri are not clear about their problems, thus encouraging the administrators to ask deeper questions. Counseling is done by providing solutions to the problems experienced by students. As for spiritual therapy using alternative wirid, reciting the Koran, reading sholawat, and praying in congregation five times. The supporting factors contained in the interpersonal communication process between rehabilitation administrators and mentally ill students can be divided into three, namely supporting factors from the communicator's angle, supporting factors from the communicator's angle, and supporting factors from the message angle. The obstacles that occur during the recovery process of mentally ill students are process, semantic, and psychological obstacles.

Status, distribution, and threats of the last surviving fan mussel populations in Greece

Since the first confirmed records of mass mortality events (MME) in the Aegean Sea in 2018, Pinna nobilis populations in Greek seas have been decimated. To bolster recovery efforts, this study aimed to assess the status of fan mussel populations in the Aegean and Ionian seas and investigate potential recolonization through natural recruitment. From May 2022 to May 2023, 163 independent underwater visual surveys were conducted across various locations and depths along the Greek coastline. A total of 4348 P. nobilis individuals was recorded, of which 87.3% were found dead and 12.7% were alive. The sole surviving fan mussel populations were located in the semi-enclosed gulfs of Amvrakikos in the Ionian Sea and of Kalloni in the Aegean Sea, with estimated recent mortality rates (excluding potential poaching) of 7.7% and 6.3%, respectively. To track potential new recruitment, a network of larvae collectors was deployed in multiple locations. Additionally, an ocean circulation model (OCM) was developed to predict the export and fate of larvae from the surviving populations in the Marmara Sea towards the Aegean Sea. Beyond the MME, this study identified several other threats, which significantly endanger fan mussel survival. The findings of this study underscore the urgent need to implement protection measures and restoration actions to enhance the chances of P. nobilis survival and recovery in the Greek seas.

Ensuring Educational Continuity in the Midst of Crisis: Policy and Planning During the COVID-19 Pandemic

As the COVID-19 crisis disrupted schooling, recovery efforts in California included the adoption of Senate Bill (SB) 98, which mandated local educational agencies to complete Learning Continuity and Attendance Plans (LCPs). These plans act as critical snapshots of sensemaking and local policy implementation during crisis; however, their details have yet to be explored statewide. Through a multiphase, mixed methods approach, this study examines the legislative requirements of a state-level policy that orchestrated large-scale local planning. Results reveal that SB-98 recombined prior educational routines to fit the pandemic context. Moreover, district plans generally adhered to policy guidance and described a range of resources to support students. However, the limited details contained in most plans—particularly about the actions and services for students that may need additional supports—proffer suggestive evidence of local capacity and will during the global pandemic and the implications for those seeking to implement similar policy measures.

Recovery of State Losses Through the Economic Analysis of Law Approach

In the era of globalization, addressing the complex challenges of state financial recovery due to corruption and illicit practices necessitates a holistic approach that integrates legal, economic, and social aspects. This research employs normative research methods and a conceptual approach to analyze the legal framework and economic concepts related to the Economic Analysis of Law (EAL) in the context of national financial recovery. By synthesizing legal and economic principles, the study demonstrates that EAL proves highly effective in confronting the challenges of state financial recovery. The integration of economic principles in legal analysis allows governments to craft policies that are not only legally robust but also economically efficient. Through a focused examination of the economic impact of illegal actions on state finances, EAL facilitates the identification of losses and the design of precise recovery strategies. The findings underscore the potential of EAL as a valuable tool for governments worldwide in formulating sustainable policies for financial restitution.Highlights: Holistic Approach: The study advocates for a holistic approach to state financial recovery by integrating legal and economic perspectives, emphasizing the interconnectedness of legal principles and economic efficiency. Efficient Policy Design: Economic Analysis of Law (EAL) is shown to be a powerful tool in crafting policies that are not only legally robust but also economically efficient, ensuring a balanced and effective strategy for financial restitution. Focused Impact Analysis: EAL's focus on analyzing the economic impact of illicit actions aids governments in accurately identifying financial losses, enabling the precise design of recovery strategies and contributing to more targeted and effective recovery efforts. Keywords: Economic Analysis of Law, State Financial Recovery, Legal and Economic Integration, Illicit Practices, Policy Formulation

Negative Impact of COVID-19 on the Small & Medium Garments Manufacturers & Suppliers of Bangladesh and Possible Solutions to Overcome the Outbreak

In the context of the pervasive global pandemic, this research article meticulously investigates the detrimental repercussions inflicted upon Bangladesh's small and medium-sized garment industry by the relentless onslaught of COVID-19. Through a comprehensive lens, it scrutinizes the intricate challenges faced by manufacturers and suppliers, ranging from disrupted supply chains and diminished consumer demand to financial strain and workforce implications. Delving into the nuanced layers of this crisis, the research articulates the profound impact on the economic landscape and social fabric of the nation. The article not only highlights the adversities but also serves as a beacon of resilience, presenting an array of potential solutions to navigate and transcend the challenges posed by the pandemic. These solutions encompass strategic adaptations in business models, leveraging technology for operational efficiency, policy recommendations for industry support, and fostering international collaborations to bolster recovery efforts. This research article thoroughly examines the adverse repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on Bangladesh's small and medium-sized garment industry, specifically focusing on manufacturers and suppliers. The detailed abstract delves into the multifaceted challenges faced by these entities, ranging from disrupted supply chains to decreased consumer demand. The article also provides a comprehensive analysis of potential solutions, proposing strategies and interventions aimed at helping the industry recover and thrive despite the ongoing outbreak.

Evaluation of vehicle running performance on ash-covered roads

The scale of volcanic eruptions influences the effects of wide-ranging disasters involving ashfall, such as the disruption of lifelines and paralysis of urban functions. This highlights the importance of vehicle availability on ash-covered roads for disaster management personnel involved in rescue and recovery efforts and for citizens who must evacuate or continue their social lives. We conducted tests to scientifically verify the running ability of vehicles on ash-covered roads. Results revealed that all-wheel-drive vehicles showed better running performance than two-wheel-drive vehicles, which get stuck when ashfall thickness exceeds 10 cm. Most of the vehicle’s drive power is consumed as energy to scrape ash grains from under the tires, hindering sufficient propulsion. In addition, the tires sink into the ash layer, which increases driving resistance and causes the vehicle to get stuck. Running ability on ash-covered roads is mainly determined by the relation between the “drive system” of the vehicle and the “thickness of ash” on the roads. In addition, road surface conditions, including ash thickness, could change in time and space because of traffic volume and weather conditions.

Mental health services implementation in Colombia-A systematic review.

Colombia's mental health services have a complex history shaped by 60 years of armed conflict, a predominantly clinical approach to mental health, and social factors such as inequities and stigma. The 1990 Caracas declaration proposed a shift towards decentralised community mental health services and interventions based on the recovery approach and emphasis on social determinants of mental health in the Americas. Colombia has adopted these approaches in its legal and practical framework in recent years, but implementation has been uneven. This systematic review aims to contribute to mental health services understanding in Colombia by examining the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of mental health services in Colombia. A search was conducted to explore available peer-reviewed studies on Colombian mental health services across five databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo and BVS) on quantitative and qualitative research papers published in the last ten years and without language restrictions. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to structure the analysis and identify barriers and facilitators during the implementation of mental health services. We adapted the CFIR to attend to gender, race and age informed by the Socio-Political Economy of Global Mental Health framework, given the importance of these factors to the Colombian health landscape. Finally, narrative synthesis was used to summarise the data. 1 530 records were identified, and 12 articles met all inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. 8 papers described substance use disorders services, 11 involved multidisciplinary healthcare professionals, and 7 were implemented at a local scale. The primary barriers to implementation were the lack of coordination, high workloads, and low funding. Facilitators included the use of protocols, and the involvement of communities, stakeholders, users, and external champions. Findings suggest the continued importance of community and recovery approaches and efforts to improve coordination between multi-sector actors involved in the mental health spaces (e.g., public, and private organisations, users and their families).

Demographic history shapes North American gray wolf genomic diversity and informs species' conservation.

Effective population size estimates are critical information needed for evolutionary predictions and conservation decisions. This is particularly true for species with social factors that restrict access to breeding or experience repeated fluctuations in population size across generations. We investigated the genomic estimates of effective population size along with diversity, subdivision, and inbreeding from 162,109 minimally filtered and 81,595 statistically neutral and unlinked SNPs genotyped in 437 grey wolf samples from North America collected between 1986 and 2021. We found genetic structure across North America, represented by three distinct demographic histories of western, central, and eastern regions of the continent. Further, grey wolves in the northern Rocky Mountains have lower genomic diversity than wolves of the western Great Lakes and have declined over time. Effective population size estimates revealed the historical signatures of continental efforts of predator extermination, despite a quarter century of recovery efforts. We are the first to provide molecular estimates of effective population size across distinct grey wolf populations in North America, which ranged between Ne ~ 275 and 3050 since early 1980s. We provide data that inform managers regarding the status and importance of effective population size estimates for grey wolf conservation, which are on average 5.2-9.3% of census estimates for this species. We show that while grey wolves fall above minimum effective population sizes needed to avoid extinction due to inbreeding depression in the short term, they are below sizes predicted to be necessary to avoid long-term risk of extinction.

Unveiling spatial inequalities: Exploring county-level disaster damages and social vulnerability on public disaster assistance in contiguous US

Understanding the dynamics between public disaster assistance, disaster damages, and social vulnerability at county-level is crucial for designing effective disaster mitigation strategies. This study utilized the Local Bivariate Moran Index (LBMI) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models to examine spatial patterns and relationships between disaster damages, social vulnerability, and public disaster assistance in contiguous US counties from 2001 to 2021. LBMI results reveal that public disaster assistance has predominantly been directed towards post-disaster recovery efforts, with a particular focus on coastal communities affected by major declared disasters. However, the distributions of public assistance and individual housing assistance, which are the two primary sources of public disaster assistance, do not adequately cover physically and socially vulnerable communities. The distribution of pre-disaster risk mitigation also falls short of sufficiently covering vulnerable communities. Results further indicate the complex interactions between different categories of natural disasters and public assistances. The GWR model results demonstrate spatial variations in predicting each category of public disaster assistance. These findings indicate the need to address disparities in accessing public disaster assistance in the US, and advocate for more equitable disaster mitigation strategies.