Record Of History Research Articles

E-Training System To Improve HR Capability at Indofood Factory Using Codeigniter Framework

Digital developments on a global scale are now growing very rapidly, especially with the emergence of a covid-19 pandemic that has made all institutions, both education, offices and various other types of institutions, begin to adapt to the use of computers and mobile phones, where everything is based on IoT Internet of Thing, namely all types. the activities are carried out online, besides that, there are many obstacles, such as the amount of time wasted because they have to prepare training classrooms, prepare ppt slides for each training session, and prepare training questions which will then be printed and distributed to training participants. A lot of costs and energy are wasted in conducting training, especially if you have to do training at the branch office and the work of employees is not controlled when they have to do training. For this reason, it is necessary to build an information system for the training department to provide informative training data and to automate the recording of training history. To support the program design process developed by implementing a throw-away prototype model, using the PHP programming language with CodeIgniter Framework, database design using the PostgreSQL database. With the training department information system, the process of delivering training information is faster and more informative, facilitating the process of recording employee training history, and reducing the use of paper because it is computerized making it easier to conduct training and shorten the training process

Astaxanthin Enhances Gingival Wound Healing following High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress.

Fibroblasts of the gingiva play a key role in oral wound healing in diabetes. In this study, effects of astaxanthin (ASTX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, were tested on gingival fibroblasts in a wound healing assay in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine whether ASTX can recover delayed wound healing or not when oxidative stress is elevated by high glucose exposure. For this purpose, human gingival fibroblasts were incubated with or without ASTX following exposure to systemic doses of low glucose (LG) and high glucose (HG) in culture media (5- and 25-, 50 mM D-glucose in DMEM Ham's F12) following 24 hours of incubation. Levels of ROS (Reactive oxygen species) were determined for each experimental group by confocal microscopy. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by an automated cell counter with trypan blue assay. Wound healing assay was designed in 60 mm petri dishes. Cells were exposed to 5-, 25-, and 50 mM glucose for 24 hours, and a straight line free of cells was created upon full confluency. 100 μM ASTX was added to the recovery group, simultaneously. Cells were monitored with JuLIⓇ-Br Cell History Recorder. ROS levels were significantly increased with increasing glucose levels, while cell proliferation and viability demonstrated a negative correlation with increasing oxidative stress. ROS levels significantly decreased in the 100 μM ASTX-treated group compared to the gingival fibroblasts treated with 50 mM HG medium-only, as well as growth rate and viability. Wound healing was delayed in a dose-dependent manner following high glucose exposure, while ASTX treatment recovered wounded area by 1.16-fold in the 50 mM HG group. Our results demonstrated that ASTX enhances gingival wound healing through its antioxidative properties following high glucose induced oxidative stress. Therefore, ASTX can be suggested as a promising candidate to maintain oral health in chronic wounds of the oral tissues related to diabetes.

A 1.5 Ma Marine Record of Volcanic Activity and Associated Landslides Offshore Martinique (Lesser Antilles): Sites U1397 and U1399 of IODP 340 Expedition

The products of eruptive and mass-wasting processes that built island arc volcanoes are better preserved in marine deposits than on land. Holes U1397A and U1399A drilled during IODP Expedition 340 provide a 1.5 Ma record of the volcanic history of Martinique. 14C dating and δ18O patterns are used to reconstitute the chronostratigraphy of tephra, volcaniclastic turbidites, and mass-wasting events (traced by debris avalanches, debrites, and duplication and deformation of pre-existing sediments), leading to a new volcanic history of Montagne Pelée and Pitons du Carbet volcanoes. The top 50 m of core U1397A provides a continuous high-resolution sedimentation record over the last ∼130 ka. The sedimentation record deeper than 50 m in core U1397A and in the whole core U1399A is discontinuous because of the numerous sliding and deformation events triggered by debris avalanches related to flank collapses. Three successive activity periods are identified since ∼190 ka: the “Old Pelée” until 50 ka, the “Grand Rivière” (50–20 ka), and the “Recent Pelée” (20 ka—present day). The first two periods have the highest volcanic deposition rates offshore but very little outcrop on land. The whole magmatic activity of Mt Pelée comprises silicic andesites, but mafic andesites were also emitted during the whole “Grand Rivière.” At ∼115 ka, a major flank collapse (“Le Prêcheur”) produced a debris avalanche and submarine landslide that affected sea floor sediments by erosion and deformation up to ∼70 km from the shore. The Pitons du Carbet volcano was active from 1.2 Ma to 260 ka with numerous large flank collapses at a mean rate of 1 event every 100 ka. The average deposition rate of tephra fall offshore is much less than that at Mt Pelée. Our data show that correlations between the timing of large landslides or emission of mafic magmas and rapid sea level rise or lowstands suggested by previous studies are not systematic. The reconstituted chronostratigraphy of cores U1397A and U1399A provides the framework necessary for further studies of the magma petrology and production rates and timing of the mechanisms triggering flank collapses and related submarine landslides of Mt Pelée and Pitons du Carbet.

Turning points in the age–metallicity relations – created by late satellite infall and enhanced by radial migration

ABSTRACT The present-day age–metallicity relation (AMR) is a record of the star formation history of galaxies, as this traces the chemical enrichment of the gas over time. We use a zoomed-in cosmological simulation that reproduces key signatures of the Milky Way (MW), g2.79e12 from the NIHAO-UHD project, to examine how stellar migration and satellite infall shape the AMR across the disc. We find in the simulation, similar to the MW, the AMR in small spatial regions (R, z) shows turning points that connect changes in the direction of the relations. The turning points in the AMR in the simulation are a signature of late satellite infall. This satellite infall has a mass radio similar as that of the Sagittarius dwarf to the MW (∼0.001). Stars in the apex of the turning points are young and have nearly not migrated. The late satellite infall creates the turning points via depositing metal-poor gas in the disc, triggering star formation of stars in a narrow metallicity range compared to the overall AMR. The main effect of radial migration on the AMR turning points is to widen the metallicity range of the apex. This can happen when radial migration brings stars born from the infallen gas in other spatial bins, with slightly different metallicities, into the spatial bin of interest. These results indicate that it is possible that the passage of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy played a role in creating the turning points that we see in the AMR in the Milky Way.

Evidence for stages of landscape evolution in Central Mexico during the late Quaternary from paleosol-pedosediment sequences

AbstractPaleosols interbedded with pyroclastic deposits have been proven to be an important paleoenvironmental proxy for the late Quaternary in Central Mexico. We studied a key upland section and several profiles on the slopes and lowlands of the Tlaxcala Block, assuming that the topographic variability of the soil-sedimentary mantle contains the complete record of the landscape history. The upland section included three paleosols separated by tepetates (compact volcanic pedosediments) and reflected a general trend of environmental evolution during the last 40 ka. Particle-size distribution, bulk chemical composition, magnetic characteristics, computed tomography, and micromorphological observations demonstrated a strong seasonality of paleoclimate at the end of MIS3, followed by cool wet conditions during the last glacial maximum, subsequent warming at the beginning of the Holocene, and drying during the last 3 ka. It was shown that tepetates had well-developed pedogenetic features that contribute to the paleosol record. The studied slope and lowland profiles reflected the main phases of geomorphic activity in the terminal Pleistocene and the early Holocene. These phases are linked to paleoclimate fluctuations in Central Mexico at the end of the last glaciation.

Historicizing the fan archive of Talia al Ghul

This personal essay reflects on an online fan archive for DC Comics character Talia al Ghul that was abandoned, after which time dramatic shifts in the fandom occurred, thereby situating the archive as an artifact of the recent historical past as a record of the character's history as well as the fandom's history.

Ophthalmic artery Doppler at 35-37 weeks' gestation in pregnancies with small or growth-restricted fetuses.

First, to compare the ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio at 35-37 weeks' gestation among women who delivered small-for-gestational-age (SGA) or growth-restricted (FGR) neonates in the absence of hypertensive disorders, women who developed pre-eclampsia (PE) or gestational hypertension (GH) and those without SGA, FGR, PE or GH. Second, to examine the association of PSV ratio with placental growth factor (PlGF) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Third, to assess the associations of PSV ratio, PlGF and MAP with birth-weight Z-score and percentile. This was a prospective observational study in women attending for a routine hospital visit at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. This visit included recording of maternal demographic characteristics and medical history, ultrasound examination of fetal anatomy and growth, and measurement of maternal ophthalmic artery PSV ratio, first (PSV1) and second (PSV2) peaks of systolic velocity, MAP and serum PlGF. The values of PSV ratio, MAP and PlGF were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) or delta values, and the median MoM or delta of these variables in the SGA, FGR, PE and GH groups were compared with those in the unaffected group. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of PSV ratio delta, PlGF MoM and MAP MoM with birth-weight Z-score after exclusion of PE and GH cases. Regression analysis was also used to examine the association of PSV ratio delta with log10 PlGF MoM and log10 MAP MoM. The study population included 2287 pregnancies, of which 1954 (85.4%) were not affected by FGR, SGA, PE or GH, 49 (2.1%) were complicated by FGR in the absence of PE or GH, 160 (7.0%) had SGA in the absence of FGR, PE or GH, 60 (2.6%) had PE and 64 (2.8%) had GH. Compared with unaffected pregnancies, in both the FGR and SGA groups, the means of PSV ratio delta (0.042 (95% CI, 0.007-0.076) and 0.032 (95% CI, 0.016-0.049), respectively) and MAP MoM (1.028 (95% CI, 1.006-1.050) and 1.048 (95% CI, 1.035-1.060), respectively) were increased, while the mean of PlGF MoM was decreased (0.495 (95% CI, 0.393-0.622) and 0.648 (95% CI, 0.562-0.747), respectively). However, the magnitude of these changes was smaller than in the PE and GH groups. Ophthalmic artery waveform analysis revealed that the predominant feature of pregnancies complicated by SGA in the absence of hypertensive disorders was a reduction in PSV1, whereas, in those with hypertensive disorders, there was an increase in PSV2. In non-hypertensive pregnancies, there were linear inverse associations of PSV ratio delta and MAP MoM with birth-weight Z-score, with increased values in small neonates and decreased values in large neonates. There was a quadratic relationship between PlGF MoM and birth-weight Z-score, with low PlGF levels in small neonates and high PlGF levels in large neonates. There was a significant correlation of ophthalmic artery PSV ratio delta with both log10 MAP MoM (0.124 (95% CI, 0.069-0.178)) and log10 PlGF MoM (-0.238 (95% CI, -0.289 to -0.185)). Assuming that the ophthalmic artery PSV ratio is a reflection of the interplay between cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, the linear association between PSV ratio and birth-weight Z-score in non-hypertensive pregnancies suggests the presence of a continuous physiological relationship between fetal size and cardiovascular response rather than a dichotomous relationship between high peripheral resistance and low cardiac output in small compared with non-small fetuses. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Innovative impact testing machine for enhancing impact related research in Australia

This paper summarises the development of a state-of-art impact testing machine for simulating impacts such as vehicular crashes or debris impacts onto structures. The machine has a 200 kg pneumatically powered projectile which can travel horizontally within the barrel of the machine with a maximum velocity of 50 m/s to impact the target structure. The maximum kinetic energy that can be generated by the projectile is 125 kJ by using different combinations of mass and velocity. The diameter of the projectile is 214 mm, and its impacting face can be changed to different shapes, such as flat circle, flat square or an elliptical nose to suit different impact scenarios. An innovative braking mechanism incorporating a crush tube is attached within the barrel to ensure safety when the projectile fails to be restrained by the impact. The crush tube can absorb the maximum imparted by the moving projectile. An advanced data acquisition system is installed to collect quantitative and qualitative test data during a period of 50 ms to 1 s. Two high-speed digital image correlation (DIC) cameras are attached and synchronised with the operation of the impact testing machine to record the images at the rate of 50,000 frames per second. Outputs in terms of strains, deformations, accelerations of the target structure with a record of damage history can be analysed using this 3D DIC technique. The paper also briefly presents the first application of this machine for impact testing masonry wall structures.

Barred from employment: More than half of unemployed men in their 30s had a criminal history of arrest.

We investigate what portion of the pool of unemployed men in the United States have been arrested, convicted, or incarcerated by age 35. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997, we estimate 64% of unemployed men have been arrested, and 46% have been convicted. Unexpectedly, these rates vary only slightly by race and ethnicity. Further investigation of other outcomes such as marriage, education, household net worth, and earnings shows large differences between unemployed men who have a criminal history record and those who do not. One major implication of these findings is that employment services should focus more on the special challenges facing unemployed men with criminal history records. A second implication is that statistical discrimination against unemployed members of racial minority groups, to avoid hiring those with criminal histories, is both illegal and ineffective.

Audio literature and the holocaust: a study based on the material of public radio stations –– polish radio in warsaw, radio łódź, and radio lublin, 1950–2020

The aim of this article is to develop an audio image of the Holocaust in the genres of artistic radio –– i.e. in reportage, radio play, and feature –– produced in three public radio stations in Poland (Polish Radio Warsaw, Radio ŁódŹ, and Radio Lublin) in the years 1950–2020. This article is based on a query in the archives of the above-mentioned radio stations.In my research work, I used a hybrid method: I made a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the artistic contents of radio broadcasts. On the basis of the established quantitative data, I was looking for answers to the following question: what are the dynamics of producing artistic programs about the Holocaust in the years 1950–2020? A historical perspective, supplemented with media (uniquely radio) studies methodology, was used to analyse the subject. Artistic audio genres do not claim to settle any historiographic matters. They primarily have an aesthetic value (artistry of communication), although they may also have cognitive value (especially radio documentaries and reportages or documentary radio plays). The radio broadcast is not only an sonic record of history, but also an artistic work and important voice in the public discussion and shaping of the Polish extermination discourse (the discourse elevating Jewish victims, the discourse of Polish guilt, or the oppositional discourse of the Polish heroism).

A 600 years sediment record of heavy metal pollution history in the Danube Delta

Heavy metal pollution in the Danube Delta (in sediments, water and living organisms) has recently received increasing attention due to its impact on ecosystems health and water quality. However, long term records of heavy metal contamination are not available to date. In this study radiometric dating and geochemical analyses for major elements (Al, Fe, Ca and S) and metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd) were performed on the top 4 m of a 9-m sediment core retrieved from the alluvial plain of Sulina distributary channel aiming to reconstruct the heavy metal geological background and contamination history and discuss the possible origins (natural vs. anthropogenic) of metals and the main factors driving their temporal variation. Chronological analysis revealed that the top 4 m of the core span the last ~600 years. Three distinct sediment units (U1: 400–200, U2: 200–140, U3: 140–15) were identified based on the downcore element concentration variation. The lower unit (400–200 cm, ~1450–1700 CE) shows an upward increase of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd metal contents, which are strongly correlated with Al. Enrichment factor (EF) analysis indicates that metals detected in this unit are derived primarily from natural sources. In contrast, metals show elevated EF values within the middle (200–140 cm, ~1700–1770 CE) and upper unit (140–15 cm, ~1770 CE to present). The highest degrees of enrichment of Cu, Zn and Cd occur in the peat layer of the middle unit (U2) which displays higher organic carbon and sulfur contents, indicating that diagenetic enrichment of detected metals occurs under reducing condition. Overall, sediment contamination is moderate while the level increases with time. This study provides new insights into the metal contamination history of deltaic environments and yields baseline values for heavy metal contents in pristine sediments deposited prior to the onset of anthropogenic impact.

Estimated fetal weight at mid-gestation in prediction of pre-eclampsia in singleton pregnancy.

To examine the distribution of birth weight according to gestational age in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE) and assess the potential value of sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) at mid-gestation as a predictor of PE. The data for this study were derived from prospective screening for adverse obstetric outcome in 93 911 women with a singleton pregnancy attending for routine pregnancy care at 19 + 0 to 24 + 6 weeks' gestation in two UK maternity hospitals. This visit included recording of maternal demographic characteristics and medical history, sonographic EFW and measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI). The distribution of birth weight of pregnancies with and those without PE was assessed. The competing-risks model was used to estimate the individual, patient-specific risk of delivery with PE at < 32 and < 37 weeks' gestation and at any gestational age. The areas under the receiver-operating-characteristics curves and detection rates (DRs) of delivery with PE, at a 10% false-positive rate (FPR), were assessed for various combinations of maternal risk factors, EFW, MAP and UtA-PI. McNemar's test was used to determine the significance of difference in DR at a 10% FPR between screening with vs without EFW. The study population contained 2843 (3.0%) pregnancies that subsequently developed PE, including 148 (0.2%) that delivered with PE at < 32 weeks' gestation and 654 (0.7%) that delivered with PE at < 37 weeks. Birth weight was < 10th percentile in 82% of pregnancies with PE delivering at < 32 weeks' gestation and this decreased to 21% of those with PE delivering at ≥ 37 weeks. In screening for delivery with PE at < 32 and < 37 weeks' gestation, the DR, at a 10% FPR, achieved by maternal risk factors (51% and 46%, respectively) was improved by addition of EFW (69% and 51%, respectively). Similarly, addition of EFW improved the performance of screening by a combination of maternal risk factors and MAP from 72% to 80% for PE < 32 weeks and from 57% to 60% for PE < 37 weeks. EFW did not improve the predictive performance of screening by a combination of maternal risk factors, MAP and UtA-PI. In pregnancies complicated by preterm PE, a high proportion of neonates are small-for-gestational age, and sonographic EFW at mid-gestation can improve the prediction of early and preterm PE provided by maternal risk factors and MAP but not the prediction provided by a combination of maternal risk factors, MAP and UtA-PI. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Evaluation of the performance of three tests for the early pregnancy diagnosis in ewes and does

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of three tests for the early pregnancy diagnosis in ewes and does. Methods: A total of 50 ewes and 50 does urine samples were collected in which 25 ewes and 25 does were pregnant, and 25 ewes and 25 does were non-pregnant from different farmers in Babugonj upazila of Barishal district and Sadar upazila of Bhola district. The pregnant and non-pregnant ewes and does were primarily selected from farmer’s record of management history. The pregnancy of ewes and does were confirmed through scanning by B-mode ultrasound machine. Three pregnancy diagnostic tests like barium chloride, copper sulfate and ballottement were evaluated considering B-mode ultrasound technique as gold standard. Results: The sensitivity of manual ballottement technique (MBT) was highest among the three tests: 96% in ewes and 92% in does. On the other hand, the specificity (96%) of the MBT was higher in ewes and that of the copper sulfate test (CST) (91.7%) was higher in does. The highest positive predictive value (PPV) of MBT (95.8%) was in ewes but the PPV of CST was highest (91.7%) in does. The negative predictive value of the MBT was highest both in ewes (92.3%) and does (95.7%). Conclusions: MBT can be considered as a screening test for the early diagnosis of pregnancy in ewes and does. MBT positive cases can be confirmed by ultrasonograpy whenever needed.

Planetary polar explorer – the case for a next-generation remote sensing mission to low Mars orbit

We propose the exploration of polar areas on Mars by a next-generation orbiter mission. In particular, we aim at studying the seasonal and regional variations in snow-deposits, which – in combination with measurements of temporal variations in rotation and gravity field – will improve models of the global planetary CO2 cycle. A monitoring of polar scarps for rock falls and avalanche events may provide insights into the dynamics of ice sheets. The mapping of the complex layering of polar deposits, believed to contain an important record of climate history, may help us understand the early climate collapse on the planet. Hence, we propose an innovative next-generation exploration mission in polar circular Low Mars Orbit, which will be of interest to scientists and challenging to engineers alike. Schemes will be developed to overcome atmosphere drag forces acting upon the spacecraft by an electric propulsion system. Based on the experience of missions of similar type in Earth orbit we believe that a two-year mission in circular orbit is possible at altitudes as low as 150 km. Such a mission opens new opportunities for novel remote sensing approaches, not requiring excessive telescope equipment or power. We anticipate precision altimetry, powerful radars, high-resolution imaging, and magnetic field mapping.

Effect of Udvartan to Promote the Beauty w.s.r. to Skin-A Review

The skin means to help, including protection, excretion, expression, appearance, regulation, and sensation, among others. It also plays an important role in the recording of history. It is treated as a specialty in modern medicine. Ayurveda must recognise the necessity of the hour to identify not only skin ailments caused by modern lifestyles, but also other ailments. Happiness, melancholy, grief, and relaxation, according to Ayurveda, are elements that are expressed by the face and body and cannot be hidden with cosmetics. Ayurveda, in other words, puts a focus on both visible and internal attractiveness. Ayurveda believes that by knowing and practicing the basic principles of Ayurveda, one can improve one's interior beauty. In Ayurveda, there is a secret beauty or the third dimension of beauty, which is also known as "self-realization." A selfrealized individual is thought to be perpetually attractive and does not require the usage of external cosmetics or expensive clothing. The therapies, treatments, and suggestions in Ayurveda, on the other hand, are concerned with physical beauty, which is thought to be the way to the secret of beauty. In Ayurveda, health promotion, beauty management, and healing are based on removing Ama (toxins), restoring cellular nutrition, promoting full elimination, and restoring Dosha balance. In this article, Basics about quality of skin &amp; factors responsible for it including Prakruti; its maintenance with Udvartana.

Sećanja kašupskog "gbura" (seljaka) B. Jaždževskog kao epski oblik sećanja i dokument vremena - memoarska proza B. Jaždževskog na mapi kašupske književnosti

The subject of this article are "Memoirs of a Kashubian Goblin by Bolesław Jażdżewski as an epic form of memory and a document of the times." The narrative forms of memory concern the author's memoirs, comprising of three parts that go back to different periods of historical reality. The first part covers the years 1921-1943, the second - the period from the author's inclusion in the ranks of the Wehrmacht, while the third - refers to the postwar reality of Pomerania and Kashubia after the end of World War II and the construction of a new system in post-war Poland. The presented article is mainly based on the first part of the Memoirs of a Kashubian Goblin and the narrative strategies introduced in the course of reporting about the historical, social, cultural or religious events. B. Jażdżewski primarily relies on the category of memory, thanks to which the told world carries a heavy load of authenticity. In the first part of my research statement, I situate the autobiographical work of Jażdżewski on the map of Kashubian literature, with particular reference to such writers as Aleksander Majkowski, Jan Karnowski or Anna Łajming. In part two, on the other hand, I focus on the category of memory and related narrative strategies, which mean that this prose should be read as a document of the times and a record of history. This work is strongly rooted in the reality of existence in Kashubia and Pomerania in the interwar period and the first years of German occupation during World War II, as well as the post-war reality.

Surface Roughness Prevents Radar Penetration of Some Martian Debris-Covered Glaciers

Buried ice in the Martian mid-latitudes is of high interest for In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) by future crewed missions, as well as for its scientific value as a record of climate history on another planet. “Lobate debris aprons,” widely considered to be debris-covered glaciers, constitute a large reservoir of such ice. Many have been probed by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s Shallow Radar (SHARAD) sounder, which imaged their base and constrained their internal composition to >80% water ice. The basal contact is not imaged by SHARAD for all aprons, however, which introduces the possibility that these features contain significantly less ice. In this study, we used SHARAD survey results in tandem with high-resolution digital terrain models to show that these “non-detections” can be attributed to surface roughness, which through scattering reduces the coherent signal that penetrates the aprons. We quantified this effect using a fractal backscattering model and found that the roughest surfaces coincided with the location of basal non-detections. There is thus no need for reduced ice content to explain nondetection of lobate debris apron bases with SHARAD. This result leads us to interpret all lobate debris aprons as likely debris-covered glaciers, due to the similarities in their gross morphology and surface textures to aprons with basal detections.

Two megafloods in the middle reach of Yarlung Tsangpo River since Last-glacial period: Evidence from giant bars

Megafloods in the Yarlung Tsangpo River have long been recognized as a major agent causing regional geomorphic change of the Namche Barwa. Here we present a well-constrained record of catastrophic outburst flood history in the middle reach of the river. The detailed sedimentological analysis of seven giant bars provides reliable evidences at least two paleofloods, which are consistent with the results obtained by optically stimulated luminescence dating and one-dimensional hydraulic simulation. Flood units with similar reconstructed peak discharges and ages have been assumed to represent the same flood. According to the timing analysis, the largest observed flood event (megaflood I) of 1.0 × 106 m3/s is dated, via Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating on the three giant bars, as occurring between 12.06 ± 1.01 ka and 11.05 ± 0.90 ka. Megaflood II, dated via OSL dating of a giant bar, occurred between 4.96 ± 0.38 ka and 3.20 ± 0.24 ka, which was fitted consistently to a peak discharge of 0.3 × 106 m3/s. A number of subordinate and unrecorded large floods may also have occurred. The study revealed that failure of the Jiedexiu dammed lake causes megaflood I, and megaflood II might have influenced activity of prehistoric humans in the late Neolithic age. Our study identifies new sources for the previously studied megafloods, which could further explain the focused erosion in the steep topography of the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon.

Isotopic ratios and fractionation in the local Universe

The knowledge of isotopic abundances is important in galaxy evolution studies because isotopes provide diagnostics for the chemical enrichment in galaxies over time. While measurements of isotopes in large sample of stars would be ideal to determine the fossil record of the enrichment history, in practice this is hampered by the need of very high resolution, high signal-to-noise spectroscopic data. A complementary, or alternative, method is to measure isotopic ratios from observations of gas-phase interstellar medium (ISM) isotopic abundances. In this proceedings I shall review the observations of the most abundant fractionated species in nearby galaxies and recent modeling efforts aimed at investigating the physical and chemical conditions that can lead to a large spread of isotopic ratios in external local galaxies.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Dubai to Become a Regional Cultural Hub

Dubai, a small territory in Persian Gulf, has attained a good popularity during the last two Decades. A little territory with undesirable air in almost three decades managed good to reach the point that now most of the countries in the region like it's good trade and economic situations. Some, now, are speaking about Dubai's own pattern of development. Nowadays, it serves as the main hub for trade and economic swap in the region of west Asia, or at least Persian Gulf. The issue of development and Dubai's kind of development is not here my purpose. The question that this article tries to provide some answers for, is: Will Dubai be able to become the regional cultural hub? What is it's advantages and disadvantages? To verify this, I suggested a preposition and assumption: Dubai has some advantages that in such kind and domain are rarely found in the region, fore example has good infrastructures in tourism, digital network and transportation, but it suffers some other factors, as a sample, it doesn’t have a long history and cultural record: the disadvantageous are mainly with the cultural and political characteristic and the advantages are most in technologic infrastructure and management's field.