Bridge Reconstruction Research Articles

OPTIMAL CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF A CITY PIPELINE AND THE RESULTS OF ITS TESTS

Purpose. To once again draw the attention of bridge owners and bridge experts to the problems of reconstruction of long-term bridges and on a concrete example of reconstruction of a rather problematic city overpass operated for more than 60 years to shows that with the optimal structural and technological solutions of the reconstruction received a restored bridge, and its operational and technical and economic indicators which according to the requirements of the National Building Norms completely correspond to the new bridge, but the reconstruction cost and the lead time are greatly reduced. Methodology. To achieve this purpose over the past ten years of operation of the overpass conducted three inspections and full-scale static tests. It is determined that most of the existing reinforced concrete structures, although defective and in need of repair, can be used for further operation after reconstruction, provided they are reinforced. Worn out non-repairable structures that needed to be replaced were also found. Results. According to these initial data, a reconstruction project was developed using scientific and technological structure developments of the Branch Research Laboratory 88 of Lviv Polytechnic National University for the reconstruction of bridges. The span structure has been expanded to 4 lanes from the size G-10.5 + 2 × 0.9 m to the new G-16.5 + 2 × 1.5 m in a combined way – symmetrical completion of two new beams with their support on the extended support and installation of a reinforced concrete extension board with cantilever overhangs 2.7 m long. The most damaged boundary beams were replaced with new ones, designed for normalized temporary loads A15 and NK-100. For further operation the other existing beams are reinforced in one of the least expensive ways – by changing the static scheme from the existing split to the new clamped on the supports frame-inseparable. A set of repair works is provided to ensure the normalized durability of the reconstructed overpass. The scientific novelty is to develop a method for determining the experimental Coefficients of Transverse Distribution of Bending Moments (CTDM) and external loads (CTD) based on the results of tests of the span structure. The possibility of applying the method of elastic supports for the spatial calculation of span structures with beams of different stiffness is confirmed. Practical significance. The use of optimal design solutions for the reconstruction of existing span structures: reinforced concrete billboard with large cantilever overhangs to expand and change the static scheme to strengthen the beams of span structures.

Push-Out Test and FEM Analysis of Continuous Shear Connector

Composite steel concrete bridges with embedded continuous shear connectors are one of the newer popular options for short span (up to 20 m) bridges. They can be used for both road and railway bridges and due to their low structural height, nowadays, they are also a welcome alternative for bridge reconstructions – the concrete part serves as the bridge deck as well as the main structure. Unfortunately, In the Slovak Republic, no such bridges have been built as of yet (2020). At Technical University of Kosice, Department of Steel and Timber Structures, an extensive research regarding the steel shear connectors have been launched. Its goals are to bring new, easier for construction (due to prefabrication process), more resistant with even lower structural height, and more economical (due to lesser usage of materials and quick construction) geometrical solutions for composite steel concrete bridges as well as to open and popularize this solution for developers in the Slovak Republic. In this article, one of the new types is presented. It has a cross-section in a shape of a trapezoid, with holes in all its sides, except the bottom flange. Their purpose is to create concrete studs and secure full shear transmission with higher shear resistance, but they also serve to create space for transverse reinforcing bars. Its geometrical and material characteristics are closely specified. Results and process of push-out tests performed in Laboratory of Excellent Research onto three specimens are described and compared to results of finite element analysis simulation performed in Abaqus software.

RECONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURES FROM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING POINT CLOUDS

Abstract. The paper deals with the 3D reconstruction of bridges from Airborne Laser Scanning point clouds and cadastral footprints. The generated realistic 3D objects can be used to enhance city models. While other studies have focused on bridge decks to fill gaps in digital elevation models, this paper focuses on the decomposition of superstructures into construction elements such as pylons, cables and arches. For this purpose, the bridge type is classified, and a combination of model-based and data-based methods is used that are built on the detection of arcs, catenaries, and line segments in the point clouds. The described techniques were successfully applied to create 3D models of the Rhine bridges in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Massive Rotator Cuff Tear Bridging Reconstruction Using Acellular Dermal Matrix: Mid-term Results (219)

Objectives:Management of massive rotator cuff tears remains a challenge despite development of different surgical techniques. Bridging reconstruction was developed to improve clinical outcomes and to avoid the morbidity associated with tendon transfers and arthroplasty. To date, there have been no studies assessing the mid-term clinical outcome for patients undergoing this procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mid-term clinical outcomes of patients who underwent bridging reconstruction using acellular dermal matrix for large/massive rotator cuff tears (> 3 cm).Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who underwent bridging reconstruction between 2010 and 2018 by one surgeon (IW). Patients with a minimum follow-up of two years were included. All patients completed self-reported questionnaires (Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) Index and the Disabilities of the Shoulder, Arm and Hand (DASH) score) pre-operatively and post-operatively at six months, one year and annually thereafter.Results:One hundred charts were reviewed, and 20 patients were excluded due to lack of pre- or post-operative outcome scores. This cohort of patients consisted of 80 patients mean age of 58.6 ± 9.1 years and an average follow-up of 5.1 ± 1.6 years. The mean pre- and post-operative WORC scores (± SD) were 61.4 ± 20.6 and 28.1 ± 25.5 (p < 0.001), respectively. The mean pre- and post-operative DASH scores were 52.2 ± 19.7 and 23.1 ± 22.4 (p < 0.001), respectively. There was an improvement in WORC and DASH over time with the most significant improvement during the first year post-operatively (Figure 1). Seventy-eight percent of patients met the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for WORC while 77% of patients met the MCID for DASH. Our results show significant mid-term clinical improvement in WORC and DASH scores that is similar to previously published data that showed significant improvements in other patient-reported outcome scores. We believe these positive outcomes to be a result of better force coupling within the shoulder as compared to other surgical treatments such as maximal repair, superior capsular reconstruction, and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.Conclusions:Arthroscopic bridging reconstruction for the treatment of massive rotator cuff tears results in significant improvement of patient reported outcomes (as measured using the WORC and DASH scores) at a mean follow up of five years. This may suggest that bridging reconstruction is a good treatment alternative as compared to superior capsular reconstruction or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Longer follow-up with a prospective study design is necessary to determine the longevity of these outcomes.

Primary versus revision arthroscopic bridging reconstruction using dermal allograft: a clinical and radiographic analysis (243)

Objectives:Large or massive rotator cuff tears make up between 10-40% of all rotator cuff tears, yet there is no agreement on the best treatment. Previous studies have shown that acellular human dermal allograft (AHDA) can be used for bridging reconstruction with positive patient outcomes. The use of this surgical technique has not been extensively studied in the primary or revision surgical setting. The main objective of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who received primary or revision arthroscopic bridging reconstruction.Methods:This study is a retrospective review of a sequential series of patients who underwent arthroscopic bridging reconstruction (ABR) using AHDA by the primary author (IW). A total of 130 patients underwent ABR between 2010 and 2018. The inclusion criteria were patients with completed Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) questionnaire, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, or both pre-operatively and at multiple post-operative timepoints. Patients with missing WORC scores were excluded from the study. Eighty-three patients were included following chart review. Patients with available post-operative MRIs were also used for radiological assessment by an independent MSK-trained radiologist. Post-operative MRIs were reviewed to assess for graft integrity and changes to rotator cuff muscle atrophy (using the Warner classification) and fatty degeneration (using the Goutallier classification).Results:There were 46 patients who received primary ABR and 37 who received revision ABR. Forty-eight patients had a post-operative MRI available for review (Primary: 25; Revision: 23). The demographics are summarized in Table 1. Both groups showed a significant improvement in WORC score post-operatively (p<0.001). Primary ABR resulted in higher post-operative WORC scores as compared to revision ABR (p=0.015; Figure 1). The incidence of complete re-tears in the primary group was 8% and 17.4% in the revision group. More than 35% of patients in the primary group showed improvement in fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles. There was a higher progression in muscle atrophy in the revision group as compared to the primary group (74% and 30%, respectively).Conclusions:Arthroscopic primary arthroscopic bridging reconstruction for large/massive rotator cuff tears using acellular human dermal allograft had better improvement in their WORC scores compared to revision group at the final follow-up. Although the revision group had improved at the two-year follow-up, these changes in WORC score were not sustained at the final follow-up while the improvements were maintained for the primary group. The primary group had a smaller re-tear rate, better fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy as compared to the revision group. This suggests that primary bridging reconstruction provides better outcomes than a revision surgery.

Analysis of the effect of cable replacement and reconstruction of a single-tower cable-stayed bridge based on cable force optimization

Taking a single-tower cable-stayed bridge as the engineering background, this paper simulates the cable replacement process of the bridge by finite element analysis method, and improves the structural stress state by optimizing the cable force. Combined with the construction technology of demolishing old cables and installing new cables, the force of stay cables is controlled. The results of construction control and load test are compared and analyzed. It is found that bridge structure is safely stressed in the construction process, with no excessive displacement for main girder and bridge tower. Furthermore, after the cable is replaced, the overall stiffness of the bridge is significantly improved, and the load-bearing capacity and reinforcement effect are increased.

Bridging Allograft Reconstruction Is Superior to Maximal Repair for the Treatment of Chronic, Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: Results of a Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Despite advances in surgical techniques, the use of maximal repair to treat large or massive rotator cuff tears results in a high retear rate postoperatively. Currently, no randomized controlled trials have compared the outcomes of maximal repair with interposition dermal allograft bridging reconstruction. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that large or massive rotator cuff tendon tears reconstructed using bridging dermal allograft would have better clinical outcomes 2 years postoperatively, as measured using the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index, than would those receiving the current gold standard treatment of debridement and maximal repair alone. We also expected that patients treated via bridging reconstruction using dermal allograft would have fewer postoperative failures as assessed using postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence 1. Methods: A sample size of 30 patients (determined using a priori sample size calculation) with massive, retracted rotator cuff tears were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups: maximal repair or bridging reconstruction using dermal allograft. All patients completed questionnaires (WORC and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH]) preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. The primary outcome of this study was the WORC index at 2 years. Secondary outcomes included healing rate, progression of rotator cuff arthropathy, and postoperative acromiohumeral distance in both groups. Results: Patients treated via bridging reconstruction using dermal allograft had better postoperative WORC and DASH scores (23.93 ± 24.55 and 15.77 ± 19.27, respectively) compared with patients who received maximal repair alone (53.36 ± 31.93 and 34.32 ± 23.31, respectively). We also noted increased progression to rotator cuff arthropathy in the maximal repair group with an increased retear rate when compared with the reconstruction group (87% and 21%, respectively; P < .001). The acromiohumeral distance was maintained in the reconstruction group but significantly decreased in the maximal repair group. Conclusion: Rotator cuff bridging reconstruction using a dermal allograft demonstrated improved patient-reported outcomes as measured using the WORC index 2 years postoperatively. This technique also showed favorable structural healing rates and decreased progression to arthropathy compared with maximal repair. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01987973)

Life cycle cost comparison of strengthening a steel bridge using post-installed shear connectors with bridge reconstruction

The growth of the world population increases traffic loads on infrastructures. Due to considerable number of low-capacity steel bridges, transportation agencies need to strengthen or rebuild them as two possible scenarios. As a novel means of strengthening low-capacity steel bridges, post-installed shear connectors lack economic analysis determining the user and agency costs. To this end, this paper focuses on the life cycle cost comparison of strengthening steel bridges using post-installed shear connectors with bridge reconstruction. Moreover, a steel bridge in Lakeport, Texas, that was strengthened using the aforementioned method is presented in the case study. One of the main contributions of this study is determining the life cycle cost of post-installed shear connectors, which provides important managerial insights to transportation agencies interested in deciding about rebuilding or strengthening steel bridges. The deterministic analysis results indicate that bridge strengthening is more beneficial for all stakeholders than bridge reconstruction. Furthermore, the results depict that user cost is the dominant contributor to total life-cycle costs. Considering the stochastic nature of LCCA elements, the probabilistic analysis results show the same results as deterministic analysis. Finally, the sensitivity analysis suggests that the discount rate is the most influential parameter on the life cycle cost.

Interposition Graft Bridging Reconstruction of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears Using Acellular Dermal Matrix: Medium-Term Results

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the medium-term clinical outcomes for patients who underwent bridging reconstruction. A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients who underwent bridging reconstruction between 2010 and 2018. Patients who were missing either pre- or postoperative outcome scores were excluded. All included patients completed self-reported questionnaires (Western Ontario Rotator Cuff [WORC] and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH]) pre- and postoperatively at 6 months, 1 year, and annually thereafter. All scores were reported out of100. Ninety-one patients initially met our inclusion criteria, and 33 were excluded owing to lack of either pre- or postoperative outcome scores. Nine patients were lost to follow-up; therefore, 49 patients were finally evaluated, including 30 males (61.2%) and 19 females (38.8%) with an age of 59.6 ± 10.4 years (mean ± standard deviation) and mean follow-up of 5.3 years (range 2 to 9). Both WORC and DASH scores significantly improved from pre- to postoperatively (WORC: 69.6 ± 12.2 to 27.9 ± 23.7, P < .001; DASH: 51.5 ± 17.5 to 24.5 ± 23.0, P= .001). For WORC and DASH, 92% and 74% of patients, respectively, met the minimal clinical importance difference. Our results showed that patients' clinical outcome scores significantly improved with an average of 5-year follow-up, which demonstrates that bridging reconstruction is a safe procedure with promising midterm clinical outcomes. IV, retrospective case series.

Public Spaces and Conflict Transformation: From Mostar’s Old Bridge to Its United World College

The purpose of this analysis is to offer a complementary approach to top-down ethnic conflict resolution which depends upon international organizations, peace treaties, laws, and political elites. While legal and institutional approaches can possess merit, they neglect the necessity of engaging people and rebuilding community. Further, citizens can perceive a top-down approach as coercive. This paper focuses upon an alternative approach of transformation through the construction of post-war public spaces which create places for interaction and sociability, and thereby possess healing power. We adopt the philosophy of architect Lebbeus Woods, who offered specific principles for the post-war reconstruction of Sarajevo. These guidelines included an acknowledgement of the damage and destruction, but also the necessity of community participation in rebuilding. We also accept the contentions of Keller Easterling who identified the potential coerciveness of ‘extrastatecraft’, that is structures imposed upon a community from above by the state, or from outside by international organizations. The specific focus of this research is upon Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the work of international organizations and national political leaders ended the military conflict in 1995, but still fails to reconcile the three ethnic groups to a shared future. The method is rooted in comparative political anthropology, which entails an evaluation of processes, agency, and structures, as well as an account for the emotional aspects of identity and politics. Interviews regarding conflict and reconstruction, and ethnographic observations of public spaces are employed. The work concludes that the contributions of the United World College – Mostar contrasts to the relative failure of the reconstruction of the Old Mostar Bridge partially are due to the emphasis of the former on community engagement and inclusion. The results admit the difficulty of post-conflict transformation in ethnically divided systems, but contend that both the process and outcome of community engagement in the reconstruction of public spaces facilitates reconciliation and democratization.

Assessment of an old roadway bridge under static and seismic loading conditions

A large proportion of road and railway bridges, present in Turkey served for many years, have been completed their service life or will soon. Continuing safety and sustainability of these bridges under traffic loads have been of great increasing importance to roadway and railway transportation line to be continuous servicing. In addition, the demolition and reconstruction of bridges that have reached the end of their service life or are nearing completion will have a negative impact on the country's economy. All of these requirements' detailed examination of bridges in order to provide economical and safe service, considering current vehicle loads and earthquake loads. The Mahmutçavuş Bridge is investigated as a simply supported continuous composite roadway bridge at this work. The finite-element model of the bridge is constituted by site investigation and measurement. Different truckloads using for the design of the bridge are determined, and static analysis of the bridge is conducted. Seven earthquake records are scaled for two different earthquake design spectrums. The nonlinear time-history analyses are conducted, considering Δ-δ effects. The performance of the bridge for varying truckloads and earthquake loads is investigated, and results are discussed in detail.

Bridges with multiple structural systems: The example of Trilj Bridge reconstruction in Croatia

Development of multiple structural systems for bridges is useful in the design of new bridges and rehabilitation of existing bridges. This paper briefly presents some existing bridges with multiple structural systems and succinctly discusses design ideas for bridges with such systems. As an example of a bridge with multiple structural systems, the paper presents the reconstruction of a pedestrian suspension bridge in the City of Trilj, Croatia. The new bridge’s load-bearing structure is composed of several structural systems. Namely, the reconstructed bridge is a combination of suspension, cable-stayed and stress-ribbon bridge, which is laterally restrained with horizontal tensioned ropes. Numerical analysis was conducted on the renovated bridge. The results have shown an acceptable levels of stresses and deflections verifying the structural safety of the restored bridge. It is believed that this example of the bridge renovation may be useful in the design of new and strengthening of existing similar bridges.

Reconstruction of Min-Zhe Wooden Arch Bridges and Its Legitimation as Tangible and Intangible Heritage

ABSTRACT Min-Zhe bridge in Fu-Jian and Zhe-Jiang Provinces of China is a unique type of woven wooden arch bridge with important cultural heritage values in both tangible and intangible fields. Reconstruction (including in-situ rebuilding and relocation) is a traditional approach to extend the bridge’s lifespan, which has been passed on and lasts till now. Today’s reconstruction practice and its legitimation on intervening in the Min-Zhe bridge as both tangible and intangible heritage is discussed in this paper under the modern conservation context. Firstly, the reconstruction activities since its ‘discovery’ in 1980 are investigated through general information and case study. Then, the legitimation issues are discussed according to the criteria of the authenticity text for World Heritage bridges and the criteria of continuity for living heritage. Finally, suggestions on protecting the continuity of the building tradition and ensuring the reliability of the continuous production in the future are proposed.

3D Reconstruction of Bridges from Airborne Laser Scanning Data and Cadastral Footprints

The given paper describes a method for automatic 3D reconstruction of bridges from cadastral footprints and airborne laser scanning point clouds. The reconstructed bridges are used to enrich 3D city models. Unlike roofs, decks of bridges are typically smooth without ridge lines or step edges. Therefore, established methods for roof reconstruction are not suitable for bridges. The standard description language for semantic city models is CityGML. This specification of the Open Geospatial Consortium assumes that surfaces are composed of planar polygons. The approximation of smooth decks by planar polygons is achieved by using a medial axis tree. Instead of the medial axis of the footprint, a modified medial axis is computed that does not consider counter bearing edges. The resulting tree represents centerline connections between all counter bearing edges and, in conjunction with filtered height values of a point cloud, serves as the basis for approximation with polygons. In addition to modeling decks, superstructures such as pylons and cables are also derived from the point cloud. For this purpose, planes carrying many superstructure points are detected using the Random Sampling Consensus Algorithm (RANSAC). Images are generated by projecting points onto these planes. Then, image processing methods are used to find connected contours that are extruded to form 3D objects. The presented method was successfully applied to all bridges of two German cities as well as to large bridges built over the Rhine River.

Огляд останніх напрацювань з удосконаленої кошторисної нормативної документації на дорожні роботи

Introduction. In the modern conditions of the pricing system in the construction of Ukraine, the key value have the estimated norms, which are presented in separate collections, the main purpose of which is to determine the standard quantity of resources required to perform a particular type of work as a basis for the transition to the cost indicators. In order to determine the cost of road work objectively and accurately, it is essential that the indicators of estimated norms meet the requirements of regulatory documents and modern methods of execution of road works.Problematics. In connection with the active improvement of the regulatory base of the road construction industry, permanent upgrade of road organizations technique fleet, the introduction of new technologies and materials in construction and operation of roads, improving the methods of work there is a discrepancy between the existing resource element of estimated norms and the actual conditions of work in terms of built-up labor costs, the operation time of machines and mechanisms and the range of materials. Accordingly, it affects the reliability and accuracy of determining the cost of road works.Purpose. Improvement and harmonization with actual working conditions and requirements of regulatory documents of industry regulatory and estimate base of resource elementary estimated norms for work performed during construction, reconstruction, repair and operational maintenance of roads and bridges to ensure reliable and valid technical, economic and estimated calculations.Materials and methods. During work performance the analysis of the regulatory documentation, establishing the requirements to the technology of road works and materials has been carried out. A number of chronometric observations with the measurement of time of road works in full-scale conditions was carried out. The obtained data were summarized, averaged and on their basis the indicators of the resource element of the estimated norms were estimated.Results. A review of the main amendments and additions, which came into force after the approval of Amendment No 2 SOU 42.1-37641918-035:2018 [1] and Amendment No 2 SOU 42.1-37641918-071:2018 [2], which were developed to improve the regulatory-estimate base for the calculation of road works, taking into account the requirements and provisions of existing regulatory documents taking into account the current state of scientific and technological progress in the road sector.Conclusions. The above analysis of the amendments that came into force with the approval of [1]. and [2] will systematize the innovations provided by the requirements of current regulatory documents on the calculation of the cost of road works and the development of relevant documents at all stages of the investment process, planning and organization of road works, as well as the writing-off of material resources. Review and systematization of recent improvements in the estimated regulatory documents for road works will provide an opportunity to optimally plan the use of available material, labor and financial resources, often limited.Keywords: public road, operational maintenance, investment documentation, overhaul and current repairs, machine, mechanism, regulatory document, resource element estimate norm, Standard of Organization of Ukraine.

Reducing carbon dioxide emissions through structural health monitoring of bridges

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions including carbon dioxide (CO2) is central to minimizing the human contribution to global warming. Industrial activities and transportation are some of the main contributors to carbon dioxide emission. Bridges are the key element in the transportation system and many of them are reaching the end of their designed service life. Replacing bridges requires a significant amount of construction materials and equipment, which will lead to significant carbon dioxide emissions. In this work, we conclude that carbon dioxide emission can be reduced by applying structural health monitoring (SHM) instrumentation and techniques to bridge management. In this work, two medium span steel girder bridges have been used to study the impact of the application of SHM on the emitted carbon dioxide. From two monitored bridges traffic load strains were used to monitor the load distribution factor and neutral axis position of each girder. This data can be used to extend the service life of these bridges. By extending the service life of a bridge, the average annual carbon dioxide emission associated with the bridge is reduced. Considering the emission due to material production and construction, the carbon dioxide emission due to bridge reconstruction will decrease by 9–17% under the assumption that the application of SHM will extend the service life of a bridge by 5–10 years. Data from Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for the state of Iowa, which includes the number of structurally deficient bridges, was used to estimate the short-term and long-term cumulative CO2 emission for a fleet of bridges. It was concluded that if all structurally deficient bridges (rating 3 or less) in Iowa were replaced for the 2000–2019 time period, the cumulative CO2 emission would have been 4,38,483 tonnes. However, if SHM were to be applied and extended the service life of 80% of these bridges by 5 or 10 years the total emission would have been reduced to 2,84,048 tonnes or 1,75,695 tonnes.

Estimation of state financial support for non-priority territorial units using the example of bridge construction

The article discloses the problem of distributing state financial support based on an integrated approach. The study has proved the urgency and necessity of state support for the lowest priority territorial units (regions). It answers the research question of what components need to be included in the methodology for determining state financial support. A comprehensive method for estimating the share of public funds is proposed, taking into account the investment attractiveness of a region (oblast) and the risk of the corresponding region (oblast). To achieve this goal, the following general scientific and special methods and research techniques were used in the work, such as comparative analysis of scientific literature and information sources based on methods of comparison, systematization, and generalization; generalization of the analysis results, as well as logical generation of conclusions and integral assessment. Since the problem of financing the construction and reconstruction of bridges is relevant for a number of countries, this technique was tested using an example of bridge construction. According to the obtained results, territorial units (regions) that are not leaders in priority for the investor and have a high level of riskiness of investing financial resources become eligible for state financial support. The problem of financing such regions can be solved only through state support. The results of calculations show that the distribution of financial resources with the available volume of public finances K=1 allocated for support is carried out proportionally. An integrated approach made it possible to identify 10 territorial units (oblasts) for funding, with the oblasts with the worst priority factors receiving the largest share of state financial support. This study is of practical interest to government agencies in the distribution of public funds, and it is of theoretical importance to researchers dealing with issues of financial security and public administration

Application Strategy of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials in Bridge Reconstruction Project

Initially, the materials used in the process of bridge construction were mainly wood, stone, etc., and gradually the concrete, steel and other types of special materials currently in-use were developed. With the current vigorous development of science, technology and social economy in China, the development of bridge projects has also been accelerated to a large extent. In recent years, China has not only studied on how to strengthen the performance of concrete, steel and other materials in bridge projects, but also the performance of the recently developed smart, nano-, fibrous and other types of materials. This paper focuses on the application strategy of carbon fiber composite materials in bridge reconstruction projects to serve as a reference.

Aesthetics Innovation and Practice of Urban Bridge Design

The objective of a bridge design is to produce a safe bridge that satisfies all functional requirements with a cost that is acceptable by the owners. However, with accelerated development of people's aesthetic awareness, the design of urban bridges is gradually developing towards novelty, harmony, and customization. The most critical issue in constructing an aesthetically pleasing bridge is that there is no such rule to conceive of the most perfect or elegant design. In recent decades, a large number of bridges have been built on the Haihe River in Tianjin, China. This paper focuses on the introduction and implementation of innovative aesthetics design for urban bridges in this city. The design of new bridges on the Haihe River adheres to the people-oriented conception, and to the successful combination of aesthetics and functional design specifications. Complementary scientific strategies are implemented during the reconstruction of old bridges on the river to protect the cultural relics and preserve the history. The overall design conception in this paper is the harmony of mechanics and aesthetics as well as the harmony of bridges and its surrounding environment. Also, the designers and constructors follow the rules of inheriting historical emotions and human emotions. Several novel bridge cases are employed in the paper to demonstrate the design conception.

Reconstruction of the suspended pedestrian bridge through the River Bug to border island

The results of the technical examination of the pedestrian bridge over the Western Bug River on the territory of the Brest Fortress are presented. A new constructive solution of the bridge, the results of its numerical modeling and the features of installation are presented. The fullscale tests of the bridge with a movable test load confirmed the design decisions made by the authors. The resulting efforts in the ropes did not exceed the calculated values.