Reconfigurable Equipment Research Articles

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ РЕМОНТА И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ДЕТАЛЕЙ МАШИН В АПК

The volume of agricultural products depends on the technical readiness of equipment, repair and maintenance facilities. The emergence of new technologies can change the very process of organizing repairs. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing in historical perspective the mutual relationship of the fleet of machines, the organization and technology of repair and restoration of parts of agricultural machinery. (Materials and methods) Used statistical data, scientific papers of researchers, authors' own observations. We applied the general scientific method, analysis, generalization, synthesis, etc. (Results and discussion) The paper notes the presence during the planned economy of a large fleet of the same type of machines in agriculture, which required constant repair impacts, contributed to the creation of an appropriate repair and maintenance base. It was pointed out that in 1986 184 repair plants were built, 2106 district repair and technical enterprises, including 818 specialized and 1288 general purpose workshops, technical exchange offices, repair shops for worn parts, etc.). The possibility of directive instructions was provided by the mass collection of the same type of parts, which made it possible to apply appropriate technologies on production-mechanized lines, reduce the cost of restoring parts: the organization of repair determined the technology. It has been shown that in a market economy, the equipment nomenclature has decreased, the number of brands has increased, repairs have moved from specialized to agricultural organizations and are mainly reduced to replacing worn-out parts with new ones. At the same time, additive technologies have appeared that do not require reconfiguration of equipment when changing the nomenclature of recoverable parts. (Conclusions) Additive technologies can transform sectoral repairs into intersectoral repairs, which will increase equipment utilization and improve economic performance.

Development of Engineering Models of Nanosatellites for Student Training

AbstractThe work purpose is the development of BSUIM-1 and BSUIM-2 complexes for training specialists in the aerospace industry with the used engineering test beds and experimental facilities.Two sets of nanosatellite engineering models and ground stations had developed. They allow testing hardware and software of the onboard equipment and payload, simulating operation modes, and flight programs, and enable students to gain practical skills in working with ultra-small satellites. The complexes include ground stations, 2 ultra-small satellite simulators, BSUSAT-1 low-orbit nanosatellite, remote access laboratory, local and external servers for data storage. The complexes' website and database allow for full-time and remote training. The experience gained in conducting experiments, processing telemetry, and structuring information in the database is used for further development. All the developed equipment is made based on commercial off-the-shelf elements. It has reduced development costs, flexible equipment reconfiguration, and easier access to the simulator's internal architecture for demonstration purposes.The developed complexes allow students to practically study the ultra-small satellite components design and ground stations, methods for receiving and processing telemetry and scientific information, attitude determination and control algorithms. The complexes allow to conduct of research in the development of individual onboard systems and special-purpose equipment of the nanosatellite and their testing in the loop. The results obtained are introduced into the educational process and are used in lectures and laboratory classes for aerospace specialties students. The developed complexes make it possible to carry out term papers, theses, and master’s works related to the design of hardware and software for nanosatellites and a ground station, the setting up of space experiments, the development of new algorithms and a flight program for ultra-small satellites.

A Study of Image Fusion and Techniques for Denoising In Different Transformations

Image fusion is the process of combining relevant data from a collection of data images into a single image. Image fusion has emerged as a new and attractive investigation zone as multi-sensor information has been more widely available in sectors such as distant detecting, clinical imaging, machine vision, and military applications. In remote detection, image fusion aims to create new images with both low spatial goal multispectral information (shading data) and high spatial goal panchromatic information (subtleties). Different programming calculations can be used to create an entangled image with a greater spatial aim; nevertheless, the bulk of image preparation calculations are timeconsuming due to the large number of figures involved. It is appealing to use a quick reconfigurable equipment framework, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array, to handle difficult calculating calculations and execute similar operations with swift qualities (FPGA). The use of multisensor image fusion on FPGA, on the other hand, appears to be a promising area of research. As a result, the primary goal of this study is to create and implement a rapid discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based multisensory image fusion via equipment programming co-reenactment.

ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ РОБОТИ В ЦЕХАХ З ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ ОСНАСТКИ ДЛЯ ЗАГОТІВЕЛЬНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА

Purpose. The work purpose is to increase the efficiency in the manufacturing technological equipment shops for pro-curement and stamping production on the basis of creating an optimal process of reconfiguration of equipment when changing the range of machined parts of equipment. Methodology. Cluster analysis, as a way of grouping multidimen-sional objects, is based on the presentation of the results of individual observations by points in the required geometric space. Logical connections between technical-technological and constructive signs of details and requirements to adjustment of the machine. Findings. The classifier presence of manufactured products allows to determine the typical values of the tool output required for the product elements processing. By unifying the value of the end tool departure in accordance with the typical values of the workpiece height, it is possible to eliminate the need to change the tool setting composition when switching to a new planning unit and the task of the tool production time correcting. The smaller the unique range of tools, the faster production can be rebuilt for a new order. Originality. The introduction into the functional dependence of the end mill cutter on its geometrical parameters - the ratio of the departure length to the length of the cutting part from 0.1 to 0.5 to take into account the influence of cross-section inhomogeneity is substantiated. Practical value. Having an idea of the parts design and technological features, they can be grouped by the homogeneity of the features by cluster analysis to achieve a minimum of readjustment. Conclusions. Logical connections between technical-technological and structural details features and requirements to machine tool adjustment which allowed to present a method of planning units grouping on technical-technological features commonality, such as necessary equipment, devices and tools, by means of cluster analysis for reducing the transition time to a new product and, consequently, downtime. The equation for determining the end mill cutter in the tangential cutting force direction has been modified taking into account the cross section inhomogeneity, tool geometry, and machine rigidity, which allows to unify the tool setting for the end tool departure by determining the footprint and error the machined contour. References 15, figures 4.

Algorithm for Designing Reconfigurable Equipment to Enable Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy-Driven Manufacturing Systems

In the paradigm of industry 4.0, manufacturing enterprises need a high level of agility to adapt fast and with low costs to small batches of diversified products. They also need to reduce the environmental impact and adopt the paradigm of the circular economy. In the configuration space defined by this duality, manufacturing systems must embed a high level of reconfigurability at the level of their equipment. Finding the most appropriate concept of each reconfigurable equipment that composes an eco-smart manufacturing system is challenging because every system is unique in the context of an enterprise’s business model and technological focus. To reduce the entropy and to minimize the loss function in the design process of reconfigurable equipment, an evolutionary algorithm is proposed in this paper. It combines the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method with the theory of inventive problem-solving (TRIZ) to systematically guide the creative potential of design engineers towards the definition of the optimal concept over equipment’s lifecycle: what and when you need, no more, no less. The algorithm reduces the number of iterations in designing the optimal solution. An example for configuration design of a reconfigurable machine tool with adjustable functionality is included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ

The development of a specialized computer system for optimal planning of production activities of large-scale multi-assortment polymer enterprises and corporations is described. The system is designed to form the optimal placement of orders for equipment within the planning interval. The computer system includes a module for representing knowledge about the scheduled object, a database of orders, production lines, types and recipes of polymer materials, a base of equipment reconfiguration rules, mathematical models of various optimization methods, including a problem-oriented genetic algorithm, and a solution visualization module. During the development, methods of mathematical modeling, methods of designing databases and knowledge bases, as well as technologies for creating automated information systems were used. The proposed computer system improves the efficiency of the scheduling process for industrial polymer production

Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learning for Failure Identification in Microwave Networks

Automated failure-cause identification in communication networks allows operators to reduce service unavailability. Once the most likely failure root-cause is identified, appropriate countermeasures can be effectively put in place (e.g., by choosing an in-field intervention vs. a remote equipment reconfiguration). In this article, we describe a successful application of Machine Learning (ML) for automatic failure identification in microwave networks based on the real-field data. On microwave links, different heterogeneous causes (e.g., adverse atmospheric conditions, or obstacles) lead to service unavailability and produce not easily-distinguishable degradation effects on the transmission parameters. Hence, failure identification is traditionally accomplished by domain experts via direct inspection of transmission-parameter logs. As a first contribution, we identify six categories of failure causes in microwave networks and show that supervised ML enables very accurate failure identification, hence significantly simplifying failure troubleshooting. Comparing various ML algorithms, we find that up to 93% classification accuracy is obtained using real-field labeled datasets with 2513 points. One main hindrance to the application of supervised learning is that, in real network deployments, limited amount of labeled data is available for training, as manual labeling is performed by domain experts based on their knowledge and experience. On the other hand, collecting unlabeled data is relatively simple as network management systems retrieve large amounts of unlabeled information automatically. As a second contribution, we investigate an automated labeling procedure, based on autoencoders-like Artificial Neural Networks, to combine the knowledge of the few manually-labeled data with large unlabeled data. Results show that our data augmentation based on autoencoders can slightly improve failure-cause identification only when Artificial Neural Networks or Support Vector Machines are used, while accuracy slightly decreases when adopting Random Forest.

FPGA based On-Chip Phase Measurement System

Phase measurement is generally significant in electronic applications where the asynchronous connection between the signals requires to be defended — conventional automated frameworks used for time estimation, which are planned to use an old-style mixed-signal method. With the appearance of reconfigurable equipment, for example, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), it is progressively worthwhile for researchers to choose for all-advanced design. Fast sequential handsets of FPGA hardware don't confirm the comparable chip inertness after each power cycle and reset cycle. This reason vulnerability of stage connection between recovered signals.In this paper, a reaearchofthephase measurement system with a focus on the frequently utilized techniques for highresolution electronic applications is presented. The effects of phase measurement are evaluated on various performance metrics such as peak to peak jitter, power consumption,and chip area, etc.Thisresearch work motivates the researchers to do further research to preserve the synchronous relationship between signals in network-on-chip.

Distributing Sequential Control for Manufacturing Automation Systems

Recent trends in manufacturing require the use of reconfigurable equipment that facilitates rapid and cost-effective change of functionality through modular design, which supports fast integration. Intelligent devices (e.g., sensors, actuators) with integrated computation and communication capabilities enable high-level modularity, not only with the respect to hardware components but also in terms of control functionality; this can be achieved by distributing control to different network-connected devices. Thus, to enable fast and reliable system reconfigurations, in this brief, we introduce a method for distribution of control tasks and generation of control code for the devices in the control network. Our approach is based on the control interpreted Petri nets (CIPNs) formalism. We start from a CIPN capturing the centralized (overall) control system, and the mapping of input and output signals to local controllers (LCs) (i.e., smart devices) that have direct physical access to system sensors and actuators. From these, our method automatically designs distributed control tasks for LCs in the network, as well as generates control code for each LC. The applicability of the proposed method is experimentally verified on two real-world case studies.

An Ontology-Based Resource Reconfiguration Method for Manufacturing Cyber-Physical Systems

The introduction of Industry 4.0 and rapid development of manufacturing cyber-physical systems, as well as the increasing demand for multivariety, small batch, and personalized customization, pose a huge challenge to traditional manufacturing systems. In order to meet production requirements for fast iteration and realize agile and efficient manufacturing resource allocation, this paper proposes an ontology-based resource reconfiguration method from the perspective of resource utilization. First, an intelligent device ontology that describes the intelligent manufacturing resource is established using the Web Ontology Language. On this basis, the relational database is associated with the ontology of the manufacturing system, which makes the manufacturing resources be mapped to the model instances. Then, we analyze the equipment reconfiguration of the intelligent manipulator as an application case, which explains the proposed method for resource reconfiguration based on ontology, and verifies its feasibility in manufacturing. Finally, this study provides a new method for reconfigurable research of manufacturing resources.

Multiple-period planning of Internet Protocol-over-Elastic Optical Networks

ABSTRACTIn view of both the growing dynamic traffic and increasing costs, in future, network operators will have to adopt a multi-period network planning technique that aims to jointly account for the upgrade of both the network, and the optical and the IP edges. In the current work, for an IP-over-Elastic Optical Network, we propose a multi-layer network planning technique that is multi-period in nature, i.e. the approach relies on efficient forecasts for a short-term increase in the volume. We formulate the problem as an integer linear programme with the aim of reducing the (i) capital expenditure (CapEx) – by minimizing the addition of any equipment every period and (ii) operational expenditure (OpEx) – by minimizing any displacement(s) of the equipment and reconfiguration(s) in successive periods. We conduct extensive simulations considering realistic networks to validate the proposed network planning technique. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed technique is able to trade off the network equipment reconfiguration for the CapEx.

VI-Based Measurement System Focusing on Space Applications

This article describes in detail a custom, high-performance, compact, flexible and reconfigurable test equipment. This measurement system is able to perform, locally or remotely, the electrical characterization of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits (ICs) under ionizing irradiation tests. This measurement platform can be managed remotely through serial, Local Network Area (LAN) link, allowing the electrical characterization of these devices in harsh test environments. Using this customized test measurement system, we were capable to reduce total test time by 1/3 in our TID test application.

Design for Automation: The Rapid Fixture Approach

As product varieties rise and lifecycles shorten, development approaches need to be adapted. Current trends aiming to solve the dissonance of reduced time to market and increased product variety include agile methods. In this context not only product design processes need to be adapted but also development of production processes and manufacturing equipment. At the example of fixture design, this paper presents an approach which allows an agile provision as well as a reconfiguration of equipment. The solution presented consists of a fixture design concept consisting of design rules which allow implementation into a tool for automated fixture design.

Improving the energy efficiency of industrial refrigeration systems

Various retrofit design options are available for improving the energy efficiency and economics of industrial refrigeration systems. This study considers a novel retrofit option using a mixed refrigerant (MR) in refrigeration cycles designed for use with a pure refrigerant (PR). In this way energy savings can be realized by switching refrigerants without requiring extensive and expensive reconfiguration of equipment. Hence, the aim here is to test the common thinking that equipment should always be extensively reconfigured when switching from pure to mixed refrigerants. To determine the most energy-efficient operating conditions for each refrigeration design an optimization framework is utilized linking a process simulator with an external optimization method. A case study is presented to demonstrate how the proposed process modeling and optimization framework can be applied and to illustrate the economic benefits of using the retrofit design options considered here. For the case considered in this paper, savings of shaft power required for the refrigeration cycle can be achieved from 16.3% to 27.2% when the pure refrigerant is replaced with mixed refrigerants and operating conditions are re-optimized.

Study on the Reconfiguration of Dual Resource Cellular Manufacturing System

With the changing of market environment, manufacturing system must response to changes of outside world with the fastest speed. After detailed analyzing the impact on cellular manufacturing system of human resource this paper purpose an equipment reconfiguration model to achieve minimum number of equipment reconfiguration times and mate- rial handling times, built a human resource work task reschedule model to achieve maximum of total operation skill level and similarity of equipment operation content at two neighboring period and minimum of uneven distribution of workers technical level. At the end, we advance a numerical example to specific illustrates reconfiguration models.

Fuzzy Control Approach to Reconfigurable Manufacturing System Involving Equipment Representation

The reconfigurable manufacturing system is a cost-effective system that can accommodate a variety of equipments required by customers. However, because of the surprisingly increasing volume and semantically fuzzy nature of the equipment information, one of the main difficulties to realize efficient equipment reconfiguration is the lack of effective equipment representation technologies and semantic description methods. In this paper, a fuzzy ontology model is proposed for storing semantic concepts in the reconfigurable manufacturing system. To discuss fuzzy inference mechanism has indicated that the fuzzy ontology-based method can promote productivity of the reconfigurable manufacturing system.

Throughput-driven condition-based maintenance for frequently reconfigured mass production equipment

Heavily utilised reconfigurable production equipment has uneven deterioration rate caused by frequently changing configurations and complex subsystem interaction. Thus, traditional maintenance approaches that rely on reliability modelling are ineffective when applied on this class of equipment. This paper introduces a throughput-driven condition-based maintenance framework intended to perform predictive maintenance for heavily utilised reconfigurable production equipments. The effectiveness of the proposed method is experimentally validated using actual production records of the semiconductor test handlers. The primary benefit of the proposed framework is its prediction efficacy while accounting for the complex subsystem interaction through Bayesian statistics. It is low cost to implement because it only uses existing resources already available in most manufacturing plants.

リエントラントフローショップにおける装置メンテナンス計画に関する研究 (第3報)

This research paper introduces a development of production management method for equipment maintenance scheduling and work-in-process (WIP) dispatching or scheduling in re-entrant flow manufacturing systems. The method utilizes and combines two published technologies: discrete event-driven simulation and critical ratio dispatching rule. The research established a method of what-if analysis based on actual WIP configuration. Impact of equipment maintenance on system performance is quantified by the simulation. Then, modified critical ratio parameters is applied to maximize bottleneck equipment utilization. The established method, Dynamic Critical Ratio (DCR), has been implemented to a semiconductor manufacturing system. The implementation has avoided WIP blocking in equipment maintenance and WIP starvation at a bottleneck equipment downstream. As a results, the improvement of bottleneck utilization and total system throughput was observed. In closing, possibility for applying the developed method to other production management activities such as equipment re-configuration for product mix and demand change, work shift management and supply chain planning is discussed.

Virtual topology design and flow routing in optical networks under multihour traffic demand

This article addresses the problem of finding a static virtual topology design and flow routing in transparent optical wavelength division multiplexing networks under a time-varying (multihour) traffic demand. Four variants of the problem are considered, using fixed or dynamically adaptable (meaning variable) flow routing, which can be splittable or unsplittable. Our main objective is to minimize the number of transceivers needed which make up for the main network cost. We formulate the problem variants as exact integer linear programs (ILPs) and mixed ILPs. For larger problem instances, we also propose a family of heuristics based on the concept of domination between traffic matrices. This concept provides the theoretical foundations for a set of techniques proposed to reduce the problem complexity. We present a lower bound to the network cost for the case in which the virtual topology could be dynamically reconfigured along time. This allows us to assess the limit on the maximum possible benefit that could be achieved by using optical reconfigurable equipment. Extensive tests have been conducted, using both synthetically generated and real-traced traffic demands. In the cases studied, results show that combining variable routing with splittable flows obtains a significant, although moderate, cost reduction. The maximum cost reduction achievable with reconfigurable virtual topologies was shown to be negligible compared to the static case in medium and high loads.

Equipment management issues in B3G, end-to-end reconfigurable systems

The evolution of wireless communications in recent years has resulted in a clear trend toward Beyond Third Generation (B3G) systems, which support the integration and co-existence of multiple, diverse radio access technologies (RATs) in a common composite radio environment. The reconfigurability concept has been developed for the facilitation of B3G Systems. Reconfigurability supports the B3G concept by providing technologies that enable equipment (terminals and network elements) to dynamically select the most appropriate reconfiguration action. In this direction this article outlines some key issues for embedding reconfigurability functionality in equipment. A generic management system for reconfigurable equipment (MSRE) in B3G environments is presented and the functionality of its main components is described in detail.