Recognizable Image Research Articles

UAVData: A dataset for unmanned aerial vehicle detection

The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) significantly contribute to the convenience and intelligence of life. However, the large use of UAVs also leads to high security risk. Only detecting the small and flying UAVs can prevent the safety accidents. UAV detection task could be regarded as a branch of object detection in flied of image processing. The advanced object detection models are mainly data driven, which depend on large-scale databases. The well-labeled datasets have proved to be of profound value for the effectiveness and accuracy in various object detection tasks. Thus, the first step of detecting UAVs is to build up a dataset of UAVs. In this study, we collect and release a dataset for UAV detection, called UAVData. To maintain the universality and robustness of the trained models, balloons and 6 types of UAVs are recorded in the dataset which totally consists of 13,803 well-labeled and recognizable images. We further conduct strong benchmarks using several advanced deep detection models, including faster R-CNN, SSD, YOLOv3. In addition, we utilize 4 different convolutional neural network models as the backbone models of these object detection methods to learn UAV-related features in images. By providing this dataset and baselines, we hope to gather researchers in both UAVs detection and machine learning field to advance toward the application.

Intracranial long-term complications of radiation therapy: an image-based review.

Radiation therapy is commonly utilized in the majority of solid cancers and many hematologic malignancies and other disorders. While it has an undeniably major role in improving cancer survival, radiation therapy has long been recognized to have various negative effects, ranging from mild to severe. In this manuscript, we review several intracranial manifestations of therapeutic radiation, with particular attention to those that may be encountered by radiologists. We conducted an extensive literature review of known complications of intracranial radiation therapy. Based on this review, we selected complications that had salient, recognizable imaging findings. We searched our imaging database for illustrative examples of these complications, focusing only on patients who had a history of intracranial radiation therapy. We then selected cases that best exemplified expected imaging findings in these entities. Based on our initial literature search and imaging database review, we selected cases of radiation-induced meningioma, radiation-induced glioma, cavernous malformation, enlarging perivascular spaces, leukoencephalopathy, stroke-like migraine after radiation therapy, Moyamoya syndrome, radiation necrosis, radiation-induced labyrinthitis, optic neuropathy, and retinopathy. Although retinopathy is not typically apparent on imaging, it has been included given its clinical overlap with optic neuropathy. We describe the clinical and imaging features of selected sequelae of intracranial radiation therapy, with a focus on those most relevant to practicing radiologists. Knowledge of these complications and their imaging findings is important, because radiologists play a key role in early detection of these entities.

Efekat imidža zemlje porekla preko kvaliteta, dizajna i atraktivnosti proizvoda na lojalnost potrošača

The main goal of this research is to determine whether there is an impact of country - of -origin image on consumer loyalty to products originating from countries with positive and recognizable image and whether this impact is achieved through characteristics such as product quality and design, and attractiveness related to using the same. To examine this impact, an empirical study was conducted on a sample of 150 respondents and analysis of collected data was performed in SPSS 20. The results show that information about country of -origin image is important to consumers and has an impact on their behavior related to buying foreign product. More precisely, results show that country - of -origin image affects consumers when they choose products based on their quality and design and attractiveness that consumers feel when using these products, and also that through these characteristics country - of -origin image has effects on consumer loyalty. In accordance with the obtained results, conclusion is that it is extremely desirable for companies and governments to take into account the image that their country enjoys on the world market.

Новые данные о наскальных рисунках Нюкжинской писаницы (Амурская область)

The rock art site of Nukzha is located in northern Amur Region at the mouth of the Onyoni River. It was studied in the mid 1970s by A.P. Okladnikov and A.I. Mazin. As in the other rock art sites of the region, the Nukzha paintings were made by red mineral pigment. For a long time this location was inaccessible after construction of the Baikal-Amur railway. However, in the early 2000s, the studies of the Nukzha rock art site resumed. The project of additional branch of the railway required further research at the Nukzha site. During the field works of 2021, a new indexing was proposed, and detailed re-documenting of the site was carried out using up-to-date techniques of photo-documenting and processing of photographic materials. As a result, it was possible to make a comparison with the previously published evidence concerning the preservation state of the site, and identify some damage and loss of panel fragments. In addition, the previously published tracings were corrected and unknown images were found and recorded. Due to advanced approaches to documentation, including photography, 3D visualization, and color filtering of digital images, the authors of this article have managed to take a new look at this well-studied rock art site. Many paintings which looked like amorphous stains of red pigment appeared as recognizable images when viewed directly by the DStrech plug-in after colorfiltering. The experience of the Nukzha rock art site study once again shows the necessity of re-documentation of rock art sites.

Принципы и методы создания сюжетных композиций современного стрит-арта

The paper traces the evolution of compositional solutions and figurative content of narrative street art from its inception to the present and identifies the most common constituent elements of narrative street art compositions. They include: narrative photo images, narrative digital art, narrative unique and printed author's graphics, narrative scenes and elements from the works of classical, national art and mass culture. The author considers the relationship between the evolution of technical means in the arsenal of street art artists and creative techniques and methods performed in figurative street art compositions. The narrative component was present already at the stage of graffiti and early street art, then gradually evolved towards greater significance and diversity of compositional solutions, reaching its heyday in modern public art. The study discusses characteristic creative techniques of iconic figures in contemporary street art and their role in the process of evolution of narrative street art compositions. Among them are Seen, K. Haring, J. M. Basquiat, Banksy, Ma Claim, Shepard Fairey, as well as the Russian cult street-art artist Pavel Pukhov, who gained international fame during his lifetime. The authors determined main methods of creating narrative compositions in contemporary street art; the most commonly used ones are the literal reproduction of narrative source material, the multiplication of primary sources, their mixing, superimposition and collage. The paper outlines the main principles of successful narrative street art compositions, including the relevance of the narrative, communication and contextual aspects, poster art, ensuring a quick perception by using an artistic language accessible to the mass audience, the use of easily recognizable allusions and archetypical images.

Tradition and contemporary architecture of Orthodox churches: Image and meaning

The article is devoted to one of the most striking problems of contemporary church construction in Russia — the formation of artistic images of newly erected churches and determination of meaning in their architecture. Today, the mentality of architects, patrons and the parish is primarily determined by the traditional approaches to the creation of new churches. Simultaneously, many architects are longing to find innovative meaning and artistic structures, noting that only these attempts are able to express the present-day emotions of believers. It is also essential to define the features of the cultural code of modern architecture for the Russian Orthodox church. The church hierarchy, believers and scholars, including foreigners, proceed from the idea of Russian Orthodox architecture’s unique identity. The recognizable image of the churches is determined by the constant interest in late medieval decoration from the time of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich as the main artistic source and its interpretation by masters of the Neo-Russian style of the 19th — beginning of 20th centuries. The article emphasizes that national identity in Russian Orthodox church architecture is not a combination of immanent features, but a historical process of treasuring artistic character and the formation of meaning over several centuries. At the current time, it is vital to turn to all the creative and meaningful wealth in the development of Russian Orthodox churches, and it is better to seek innovation from within traditional images and meanings, based on the sacred experience of our church. This will support the creation of new churches, which are comparable to the standards of the Russian Orthodox architectural heritage in its artistic variety and semantic profoundness.

Lingvocultural Types in the British Language Picture of the World

One of the mainstreams in linguistics at the end of the XXth - beginning of the XXIst century is a linguocultural modeling of linguistic consciousness and communicative behaviour, i.e. the creation of a certain linguocultural archetype. By itself, the term "linguocultural archetype" is an interdisciplinary concept of cultural linguistics, linguistic conceptology and linguistic personology. The authors of the paper consider a linguocultural archetype, on the one hand, as a set of indicators, which make it possible to find a recognizable image of some individual, and on the other hand, reveal the features typical for a social or ethnic group, which is a binding basis for the archetype. The linguocultural archetypes presented in the paper are considered as typified individuals from a certain ethno-social group; they are recognisable by their characteristic features of verbal and non-verbal behaviour and value orientation in the society. The paper deals with conceptual, figurative, value and associative features of British linguocultural archetypes such as "English policeman", and "knocker up".The important indicators of linguocultural archetypes in cognitive consciousness of people are recurrence, associativity and textuality. The recognisability of the linguocultural archetypes "English policeman" and "knocker up" is stipulated by the mentioning of these professions in films, works of writers and artists, as well as in mass media materials.

ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІРЛАНДСЬКОГО СЛЕНГУ ТА ЇХ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ У ПЕРЕКЛАДІ

The article presents the results of the linguocultural theory that is one of the most actively developing areas of linguistics. It is caused by the fact that modern linguistics contains a significant amount of material concerning cultural concepts and linguistic personality. The notion of linguistic and cultural type is considered a recognizable image of a particular culture’s representative, the totality of which is the culture of a society. The study is based on an analysis of the Irish linguistic and cultural types of the famous film “The Stag” - the debut film comedy directed by John Butler, as well as the novel of Patrick McCabe – “A Dead School”. At the heart of the story is a conflict between two characters, Raphael Bell and Melaki Dagen, who, in a worldview and generational way, reflect the clash of two different models of Ireland perception. The study found that the self-esteem of Irish drinkers and everything related to drinking is widely circulated in modern society. Therefore, the topic of drinking, and often even alcoholism, is perceived as specifically Irish.Particular attention was paid to the existence of slang in the Hiberno-English language. The survey called “Usage of Irish slang” was conducted and analyzed. The survey involved 76 respondents of all ages who replied to messages on the social network Facebook. It was also found that due to slang, a completely new form of communication emerged – netspeak, which combines both oral and written forms of communication. Based on the survey and experiment mentioned earlier, there were managed different types of slang: general slang and special slang.

Oleksandr Bohomazov’sGraphic Works in Kyiv Periodicals in 1908–1912s

Oleksandr Bohomazov (Olexsander Bohomazov, Alexander Bogomazov), in terms of his creative activity, is known mainly for his paintings, which are considered the most recognizable and original images of Ukrainian art. However, magazine graphic worksof the artist, almost unknown butvery interesting part of his work, is still out of sight of researchers. Although his intensive work in thesphere of magazine graphics continued only throughout 1908–1910s, it was right the time, when the period of his intense search for hisown creative style and everyday work as a graphic artist on the pages of Kyiv newspapers, and the so-called school of“art for all” couldcertainly play an important role in formation of the artist. The article for the first time examines magazine graphic pieces created for theillustrated annex to the newspaper “Kievskaya mysl” (Kyiv Thought) and “Kievskaya iskra” (Kyiv Spark). Graphic materials are systematized, works and monograms are attributed, preparatory works are identified, stylistic characteristics and techniques inherent in O. Bohomazov’s works are determined.

Privacy and Security Issues in Deep Learning: A Survey

Deep Learning (DL) algorithms based on artificial neural networks have achieved remarkable success and are being extensively applied in a variety of application domains, ranging from image classification, automatic driving, natural language processing to medical diagnosis, credit risk assessment, intrusion detection. However, the privacy and security issues of DL have been revealed that the DL model can be stolen or reverse engineered, sensitive training data can be inferred, even a recognizable face image of the victim can be recovered. Besides, the recent works have found that the DL model is vulnerable to adversarial examples perturbed by imperceptible noised, which can lead the DL model to predict wrongly with high confidence. In this paper, we first briefly introduces the four types of attacks and privacy-preserving techniques in DL. We then review and summarize the attack and defense methods associated with DL privacy and security in recent years. To demonstrate that security threats really exist in the real world, we also reviewed the adversarial attacks under the physical condition. Finally, we discuss current challenges and open problems regarding privacy and security issues in DL.

Ethnobranding and its role in increasing the investment and tourist attractiveness of rural areas in the context of the coronavirus pandemic (on the example of the Bashkir TRANS-Urals)

This article uses the example of the Bashkir TRANS – Urals-South-Eastern regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan to describe the prospects for using ethno-branding tools in regional and municipal management of rural development in terms of increasing their investment and tourist attractiveness in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. From the authors' point of view, the regions of the Bashkir TRANS-Urals have a number of competitive advantages, including a rich history, unique tourist and recreational resources, and preserved traditions and customs of the indigenous Bashkir population. But in order for these advantages to contribute to the growth of investment and tourist attractiveness of these rural areas, it is necessary to create recognizable and most attractive images, ethnobrands through the active use of tools of territorial marketing and branding, in particular, ethnobranding. To increase the effectiveness of territorial ethnobranding, the authors justify the need to consolidate the efforts of Federal, regional and local authorities, the business community, research and educational institutions, and private firms professionally engaged in marketing, branding, advertising, and promotion of goods and services. City and district Administrations, business incubators in Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Oktyabrsky, information and consulting centers of municipalities, Universities, Colleges, institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and well-known consulting firms can act as coordinators and consultants in matters of territorial marketing and branding. The authors concluded that the active use of regional and municipal management tools tobringing should contribute to more effective promotion of products and services from local producers to national and international markets, increase their investment and tourist attractiveness, growth of the tourist flow in South-Eastern Bashkortostan, increase employment and quality of life of the villagers.

Expert System for Mandibular Condyle Detection and Osteoarthritis Classification in Panoramic Imaging Using R-CNN and CNN

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a degenerative condition of the TMJ led by a pathological tissue response of the joint under mechanical loading. It is characterized by the progressive destruction of the internal surfaces of the joint, which can result in debilitating pain and joint noise. Panoramic imaging can be used as a basic screening tool with thorough clinical examination in diagnosing TMJ OA. This paper proposes an algorithm that can extract the condylar region and determine its abnormality by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Faster region-based CNNs (R-CNNs). Panoramic images are collected retrospectively and 1000 images are classified into three categories—normal, abnormal, and unreadable—by a dentist or orofacial pain specialist. Labels indicating whether the condyle is detected and its location enabled more clearly recognizable panoramic images. The uneven proportion of normal to abnormal data is adjusted by duplicating and rotating the images. An R-CNN model and a Visual Geometry Group-16 (VGG16) model are used for learning and condyle discrimination, respectively. To prevent overfitting, the images are rotated ±10° and shifted by 10%. The average precision of condyle detection using an R-CNN at intersection over union (IoU) >0.5 is 99.4% (right side) and 100% (left side). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the TMJ OA classification algorithm using a CNN are 0.54, 0.94, and 0.84, respectively. The findings demonstrate that classifying panoramic images through CNNs is possible. It is expected that artificial intelligence will be more actively applied to analyze panoramic X-ray images in the future.

Detector neural network vs connectionist ANNs

Most widely used modern artificial neural networks are based on the connectionist paradigm of building and learning. The authors propose an alternative detector approach. The basis of this approach is the original architecture of the neural network, as well as a new procedure for its learning. The developed neural network is called the detector neural network. This network consists of two layers of neurons. The neurons of the first layer are called neurons-pre-detectors and they do not learn. They are designed to highlight the structural elements of recognizable images, as well as to determine their measured parameters. The types of structural elements and their parameters are set a priori and depend on the type and complexity of recognizable images. Neurons of the second layer can be trained. They recognize individual complex images. These neurons are called neurons-detectors (ND). The model of the ND is significantly different from all known models of neurons and has important features: the presence of a dendritic tree model, a new looks at the role and value of synaptic coupling coefficients, an original approach to the formation of a neuron reaction. The training procedure for the ND is called counter learning. In the process of counter learning, an information model – template of the most simplified image structure of a particular class is formed and remembered by the ND. This template is called a concept. The main role in the formation of the concept is played by the model of the dendritic tree of the neuron. During the classification process, the ND tries to simplify the recognizable image until it coincides with the concept. The article provides a comparative analysis of the detector approach and the connectionist paradigm. The advantages of the detector approach, according to the authors, open up new possibilities in the study of the problem of constructing Artificial General Intelligence.

THE MEMORY OF PLACES: THE SURVEY, REINVENTION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF A SMALL AGRICULTURAL ARTEFACT IN THE MOUNTAIN VILLAGE OF QUOTA, CASENTINO, ITALY

Abstract. The "history" of places exists as a stratification process of events that have occurred over time in a specific place, leaving more or less appreciable physical traces. The "memory" of the places, instead, is the result of a conscious choice of events to be handed down to future generations constructing the identity of a community and a recognisable image of places. It is in this sense that the project conducted in Quota, a mountain village in central Tuscany, Italy should be interpreted and set. The urban redevelopment process led to the design and reconstruction of a small agricultural artefact, particularly important to the local community given its location near a public fountain. Initially identified as the subject of an exercise to be conducted as part of the Thematic Seminar "Survey, redevelopment and redesign of architecture and environment", the redesign offered an opportunity to "re-invent" a neglected corner of the village taking as reference the traces of the ancient village fountains to create the plot of a new "story" involving the small local community. The reconstruction was carried out using traditional techniques with stone ashlars and cement mortar. To complete it, a corten steel staircase designed with reverse engineering methods and modelled using experimental 3D photo-modelling was created. The "Quota chestnut dryer" proved to be a virtuous process involving various subjects to enable the recovery of a degraded area, a possible model for the preservation of villages in the Apennines of central Italy, authentic sites of collective memory.

National branding strategy and its effects on business and tourism

Abstract Branding is the process through which a products’ or a services’ brand image is changed or is being developed. Over time, the branding process was approached from many perspectives to serve different purposes, therefore the nation branding was introduced to create a recognizable image for a country, which started to grow year by year. The scope back then, was the same as now, meaning to consolidate a nation’s position in a competitive environment and to improve its reputation. A positive national image contributes to the economic growth by building up a touristic national brand, attracting foreign investors, building trust in the national companies and brands, it encourages exports, develops the public diplomacy and slows down emigration. A good national branding is advantageous for all parties involved, for the private and the public sector, as well as for all bodies and citizens, and these same parties play an important role in building it. While all parties involved are conscious about the need of a coherent brand and are willing to contribute to the branding process, it is actually a challenge to build functional models to implement it and facilitate a strategic communication. This article is using case studies and desk research to study suitable models and communication strategies, which can be applied in the national branding process. It is proposing good practices to bring together research, business, policy making actors and individuals.

Deidentification of facial photographs: a survey of editorial policies and practices

We analysed all journals from two Journal Citation Reports (JCR) categories: ‘Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Medicine’ and ‘Otorhinolaryngology’ published in 2018 for their policies on publishing facial photographs and actual...

On the Soviet technological chronotope of the 1970s–1980s

The article studies the essence of the Soviet technological chronotope (the research object) resulted from a combination of material and semantic achievements of the scientific, technical and sociopolitical development of Soviet society in the 1970s–1980s. The methodological basis of the study is A.A. Ukhtomsky and M.M. Bakhtin’s theory of chronotope, postulating the ontological and functional interconnectedness of time and space. This theory allows revealing a studied object as a structure with two attributes being its forming elements — spatial and temporal. The former depicts belonging to a specific geographical material locus and semantic cultural and civilizational space; the latter describes a certain length and the period of objective time included in the semantic wholeness of interconnected cultural and historical eras. The study reveals the complex nature of its subject, because the fundamental essence of the technological chronotope is formed by the ontological essence of technology. It historically developed as a result of evolution of the European type of thinking, primarily in the classical epistemology of the New Age. The study shows the general essence of the technological chronotope, i.e its formation in the process of objectification of the rational and logical principle that underlies temporary acts of the human mind. The technological chronotope acts as temporal logic of internal chronology of human thinking, this logic being embodied in the space of material objective reality. Further, the study reveals the significance of the unique and original semantic content of the Soviet technological chronotope, surrounding its essential quality and forming a recognizable cultural and historical image. This chronotope is funded by the contradictory evolution of the Soviet social system, whose ideological component significantly evolved. It transformed from demonstrative praising of daily striking labor for the benefit of the global goal of the communist expansion to the era of stagnation, when alienation and depersonalization of everyday being of man served as one of the key reasons for the collapse of the Soviet technological chronotope

Twenty-five practical recommendations in primary care dermoscopy.

Dermoscopy in primary care enhances clinical diagnoses and allows for risk stratifications. We have compiled 25 recommendations from our experience of dermoscopy in a wide range of clinical settings. The aim of this study is to enhance the application of dermoscopy by primary care clinicians. For primary care physicians commencing dermoscopy, we recommend understanding the aims of dermoscopy, having adequate training, purchasing dermoscopes with polarised and unpolarised views, performing regular maintenance on the equipment, seeking consent, applying contact and close non-contact dermoscopy, maintaining sterility, knowing one algorithm well and learning the rules for special regions such as the face, acral regions and nails. For clinicians already applying dermoscopy, we recommend establishing a platform for storing and retrieving clinical and dermoscopic images; shooting as uncompressed files; applying high magnifications and in-camera improvisations; explaining dermoscopic images to patients and their families; applying toggling; applying scopes with small probes for obscured lesions and lesions in body creases; applying far, non-contact dermoscopy; performing skin manipulations before and during dermoscopy; practising selective dermoscopy if experienced enough; and being aware of compound lesions. For clinicians in academic practice for whom dermatology and dermoscopy are special interests, we recommend acquiring the best hardware available with separate setups for clinical photography and dermoscopy; obtaining oral or written consent from patients for taking and publishing recognisable images; applying extremely high magnifications in search of novel dermoscopic features that are clinically important; applying dermoscopy immediately after local anaesthesia; and further augmenting images to incorporate messages beyond words to readers.

Segmentation by classification: A novel and reliable approach for semi-automatic selection of HIV/SIV envelope spikes

We describe a semiautomated approach to segment Env spikes from the membrane envelope of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus visualized by cryoelectron tomography of frozen-hydrated specimens. Multivariate data analysis is applied to a large set of overlapping subvolumes extracted semiautomatically from the viral envelope and does not utilize a template of the target structure. The major manual step used in the method involves determination of six points that define an ellipsoid approximating the virion shape. The approach is robust to departures of the actual virion from this starting ellipsoid. A point cage of sufficient density is generated to ensure that any spike-like protein is identified multiple times. Subsequently translational alignment of class averages to a cylindrical reference on a curved surface separates subvolumes with spikes from those without. Spike containing subvolumes identified multiple times are removed by proximity analysis. Slightly different procedures segment spikes in the equatorial and the polar regions. Once all spikes are segmented, further alignment of class averages using separately the polar and spin angles produces recognizable spike images. Our approach localized 96% of the equatorial spikes and 85% of all spikes identified manually; it identifies a significant number of additional spikes missed by manual selection. Two types of spike shapes were segmented, one with near 3-fold symmetry resembling the conventional spike, the other had a T-shape resembling the spike structure obtained when antibodies such as PG9 bind to HIV Env. The approach should be applicable to segmentation of any protein spikes extending from a cellular or virion envelope.

ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION IN NEUROMORPHIC INFORMATION MODELS OF NEURONS

The article discusses the systemic principle of constructing of detector artificial neural networks (DNN). This principle is based on the determination and detection of structural elements of recognizable patterns, as well as their non-derivative and derivative characteristics. Non-derivative structural elements, as well as their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, are determined empirically. These elements and their characteristics are detected by specific neurons-detectors of the DNN at the stage of sensory perception. The process of detecting of non-derivative structural elements is based on the discovery by David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel of the selective response of neurons in the primary visual cortex to certain stimuli. However, non-derivative structural elements and their characteristics are not enough to solve the problem of image classification. This is due to the fact that in the process of training of a neuron-detector of a class of images, information is lost that does not contain stable classification features. This loss of information reflects the generalizing ability of the DNN and leads to a decrease in its resolution. To increase the resolution of the DNN, additional information is needed. This information can be obtained as a result of the formation of derived characteristics of the structural elements of a recognizable image. The formation of derived characteristics reflects the process of information analysis, which is carried out by neurons-analyzers of the DNN. According to the authors, these neurons-analyzers are information models of biological neurons-analyzers. Then the process of information synthesis is implemented by the single derivatives neurons-detectors of the DNN. These neurons-detectors respond to whole images. The construction of information models of neurons is based on the hypotheses of the neural code put forward by the authors, which explain the information essence of the reactions of neurons.