Problem Of Reclamation Research Articles

The new engineering and technological decisions for mine technical reclamation of deep open pits to regenerate mesorelief

The proposes new engineering and technological decisions concerning mine technical reclamation of land disturbed as a result of open pit mining. The authors paid attention to solving environmental problems of mining after-effects through formation of mesorelief. The problem is solved by means of the landscape regeneration: artificial development of objects based on the hypsometric features (hills and ravines), and structure (stratigraphic column of sedimentary rocks; aquifer) which were in nature before technogenic human intervention.Both engineering and technological decisions have been analyzed concerning trends, facilities, and implementation of the mine technical reclamation. Study of scientific sources, concerning land reclamation after activities by mining industry, has helped understand that the problem of terrain reclamation is almost ignored in Ukraine; however, significant negative impact is mentioned. Mining enterprises of Kryvyi Rih, where mine technical reclamation takes place, are exemplified.The current trends of artificial intelligence and robotic facilities use for open pit mining has been represented which prompted the development of a new generation of quarry equipment. A new design of a spreader launch ММD-2 on the basis of rotary caterpillar excavator for the ordered rock storing. Use of the spreader launch ММD-2 has been proposed for reclamation activities. Rock distribution schemes as well as throwing parameters during the launcher operation have been demonstrated. Optimum parameters to apply the launcher while rock throwing have been identified depending upon the rock fraction.Technological concepts have been developed concerning mine technical reclamation of deep open pits. Sequence of the deposit development has been proposed as well as the approach to regenerate the mesorelief. The engineering procedure of mine technical reclamation is divided into six main implementation stages. At the last stage, it is proposed to combine the mine technical reclamation technology with an approach of layer-by-layer mine technical and biological land reclamation using the spreader launch ММD-2.

Current state of saline soils in the Fergana Valley

Irrigation, groundwater and subsoil waters (soil solution) in the irrigated lands of the Ferghana Valley are integral parts of a chain in the formation, movement and accumulation of salts in the soil, and it is important to study them together in solving reclamation problems. In the process of soil formation, especially in the formation of optimal groundwater regime and balance in the conditions of valley irri-gated soils, the role of subsoil waters is particularly large, has a multifaceted effect on the formation of saline soils, functions as the main source of salt in the soil in a certain situation; serves as a means of col-lecting (cumulating) dissolved salts and expelling them from the territory of irrigated and salt-washed areas (by means of ditches) in the second situation. The mechanical composition of soils plays an impor-tant role in the movement, redistribution and accumulation of dissolved salts in the vertical and horizontal directions along the soil profile.

Analisis Dampak Reklamasi Pantai Manado dari Sudut Pandang Hak Asasi Manusia

The development of coastal areas using reclamation is an activity that is quite active in the city of Manado. Many coastal communities do not agree with reclamation because this activity is considered to only bring problems for them. loss of sea area as a place of livelihood is the core problem of reclamation, as a result, this has an impact on the economic decline of coastal communities. The purpose of this study regarding Manado Beach reclamation is to examine it from a human rights perspective. This research method is normative-empirical. Based on the results of Manado reclamation research, it has violated the human rights inherent in fishermen, this violates the Republic of Indonesia Law Article 28, Law 39/1999 Article 1 (1), Law No 1/2014 in conjunction with Law No 27/2007 Article 1 (31), Law No 27/2007 Article 23 (5), Article 34 (2), Article 63 (1), Permen No 25/PERMEN-KP/2019 Article 16 (1) and Manado City Regional Regulation No 1/2017 Article 23(2). As a result of this behavior, the perpetrators can be tried with sanctions written in the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 25/PERMEN-KP/2019 Article 17 (1), (2), (3) in general, the holder of a reclamation permit is obliged to provide compensation to people who affected by reclamation activities.

Гумусовая мелиорация нарушенных земель: прошлое, настоящее, будущее (обзор)

Long-term open-pit mining of coal in the south of Western Siberia is accompanied by the destruction of natural landscapes, the disappearance of rare species of flora, fauna, fertile soils in forest-steppe and steppe zones. This actualizes the problem of biological reclamation of disturbed territories. The presented review provides information about the volumes of overburden rocks, the burial of fertile lands by them, and the prospectssoils and for the development of the coal industry. The article considers the history of the use of humus reclamation of disturbed lands, which ensures the introduction of initial fertility and microbiota involved in biogenic soil formation. Attention is focused on the limited availability of humus reserves in the Siberian region, the deterioration of the quality of the alienated fertile layer duringlong-term storage in burts. Information is presented on the initial properties of dump rocks, which act as the underlying rock in artificially created soil-like formations. Attention is focused on the importance of the formation of edaphic services in the root layer. The need to attract innovative developments to increase the nitrogen regime of technozems, as well as microbiological ways to improve the root nutrition of phytoplanets and increase their stress resistance is emphasized. This review reflects the problems of complex and slow restoration of the natural environment, especially in the dry steppe zone, as a result of its rapid destruction during subsurface use.

Recycling in the production of mineral wool

The main heat-insulating material used in Russia is mineral wool. One of the problems of waste reclamation of mineral wool products is returning of chips and globules back to the solid fuel furnace. To solve the problem, it is proposed to briquette waste before feeding it into the furnace. The author suggests using alumina cements of Russian production as a binder. The choice of the binder is conditioned by the chemical composition of the cement. The second factor that was considered when choosing the binding material was its strength in the early stages. Samples of a mixture of waste and binder were pressed into cylinders and then heat treated for an hour. As a result of the study, the dependences of the impact strength of the samples on steam curing temperature and the humidity of the samples have been obtained. It has been revealed that an increase in humidity has a greater effect on the rise in impact strength than an increase in temperature. Results: the dependence of the impact strength of briquettes made of the mineral wool industry waste and alumina cement on humidity and curing temperature has been revealed, which will make it possible to select optimal conditions for returning of waste to the furnace.

Milestones in the history of the Soil Reclamation Laboratory of ISSA SB RAS

The Soil Reclamation Laboratory was organized in 1968, the year of the foundation of the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry (ISSA) of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Over its 55-year history, the laboratory has been one of the few IPA departments that has not changed its name and main research directions. Times have been changing, attitudes towards science and reclamation have been also changing, as well as the heads of the laboratory, but its traditions have been preserved. Based on the analysis of the laboratory’s publications, three stages of soil research in technogenic landscapes can be distinguished. At the first stage, information is accumulated about the properties of man-made substrates, their fertility potential and conditions of technogenic soil formation. The second stage is marked by the generalization and genetic interpretation of the accumulated material, which result in the classification of soils of such man-made landscapes. It is noteworthy that the classification developed in the laboratory correlates well with other classification systems (Classification and diagnostics of soils of Russian (2004), Field guide for Russian soil (2008), Keys to Soil Taxonomy (2014), IUSS Working Group WRB (2022)). The third stage is characterized by the expansion of the geography of field research, interpolation and correction of ideas about the soil properties and regimes in the man-made landscapes. Currently, the team of researchers of the soil reclamation laboratory continues to study man-made landscapes located in various regions of the Russian Federation, actively using the experience and achievements of the founders of the laboratory. The main attention is paid to the assessment of the soil-ecological status and prospects for further use of disturbed territories on the basis of soil-genetic and soil-geographical studies. Thus, the soil reclamation laboratory continues to work on fundamental problems related to primary soil formation and restoration of soil functions in disturbed areas, as well as to carry out scientific and practical work related to solving reclamation problems at specific man-made sites.

Mining Sludge Utilization as Medium Growth for Revegetation Plants through Seed Germination Test

The limited topsoil stock is one of the post-mining reclamation problems that will directly impact the company’s business processes. One solution that can be considered to reduce production costs is the utilization of unused materials around the mine. The settling pond sludge contains nutrients and can be used as a growing medium for plants to replace topsoil. This study examined the potential utilization of settling pond sludge through germination and sprout viability tests. This study used a completely randomized design with four composting treatments, namely 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%. The number of replications was ten times and applied to several species of revegetation plants, namely Acacia mangium, Senna siamea, Falcataria moluccana, and Albizia saman, so there were 160 experimental units in total. The results showed that the settling pond sludge has organic matter reserves and low nitrogen content but is rich in P and element reserves of P and K. The physical texture of settling pond sludge was still suitable as a medium for plant growth. The addition of compost as a mixture of settling pond media had a significant effect on germination and germination viability but had no significant effect on the parameters of the germination rate. The increase in compost composition in the settling pond media mixture positively affected germination and germination survival. Based on this research, it is known that settling pond sludge can be used as a medium for growing revegetation plants. In general, the media with the addition of 50% and 75% compost gave the best germination response and viability. Keywords: Compost, post-mining reclamation, revegetation, seed germination test, settling pond sludge

A Methodology Combining IDEF0 and Weighted Risk Factor Analysis for the Strategic Planning of Mine Reclamation

The reclamation of lignite surface mines is a long-term commitment of high complexity. These reclamation projects consist of land use repurposing, reinstatement of landforms and landscape, remediation of polluted soils and water bodies, restoration of ecosystems, and other related activities, which are usually developed when mines enter the ultimate phase of their operational life. Nowadays, reclamation is supported by regulatory settings and legislative provisions, which motivate the affected communities to move towards a circular economy and sustainable development. This paper investigates the geoenvironmental and socioeconomic problems of reclamation and draws research questions on how the strategic planning of a reclamation project can be performed and how the relevant project risks can be investigated and managed. In turn, a prototype methodology based on experts’ judgment is suggested with a case study combining: (a) the IDEF0 (Integrated DEFinition Function) modelling technique, as a low cost and easy-to-develop tool enabling strategic planning of reclamation projects, and (b) the Weighted Risk Factor analysis (WRF) as a suitable method for effective risk analysis and response planning in post-mining frameworks. Finally, a discussion on the methodology and proposals for further research are provided.

Reclamation of a resource extraction site: A differential game approach

AbstractWe study an extraction site reclamation problem in a two‐player differential game setting over a finite time horizon. Environmental regulation requires each firm to engage in reclamation efforts during the entire lifespan of the extraction site and to pay an abandonment reclamation fee at the end of its lease term for the unclaimed pollution caused by firms’ activities. Firms determine their reclamation efforts in order to minimize their reclamation cost. We analyze and compare individual firms’ choices and the pollution stock in the noncooperative and the cooperative cases by distinguishing between situations in which firms are homogeneous and heterogeneous. We study the case in which firms have different lease durations and different degrees of environmental liability. We show that the dynamics of the reclamation efforts may be substantially different under noncooperation and cooperation, and in both cases, it is mainly determined by how the rate of time preference and the growth rate of firms’ liabilities compare. Moreover, in all scenarios, the reclamation efforts generally rise with the degree of liability and fall with the lease duration, suggesting that in order to promote better environmental outcomes, the regulators should carefully determine the lease conditions by introducing intra‐term reclamation fees along with stringent environmental accountability.

Мелиоративные системы: основы общей теории

Purpose: to develop the basics of the general theory of reclamation systems (OTMS). Methods: system approach, visual modeling. Results. The hierarchical rating of reclamation systems at the first level is represented by elements that are not connected with each other, at the second one, connections between the elements form simple technical or biotic reclamation systems. At the third level, simple systems are joined into complex ones, and at the fourth level, the complex systems are included into large reclamation supersystems, which are fastened by territories that play the role of mesoecotones at the regional level (watershed forests and other forests, meadows and pastures, state forest belts, etc.). These territories, due to their functional activity on their tectological boundaries, solve the ecological problems of land reclamation. Systems of different levels take their place in the basin landscape structure, held together by a natural hydrographic network. At the same time, simple reclamation systems (usually within the elementary catchments of gullies and streams) are combined into complex reclamation systems by the basins of the watercourses, i-th order and the complex ones – into large reclamation supersystems (in the basins of medium or large rivers). The properties common to all reclamation systems have been determined: synergy and functionality; emergence, reliability, maintainability; structure, hierarchy, organization; openness, closeness or combination; appropriate behavior, adaptability, controllability; isolation, unity, interactivity. Conclusions. The basics of OTMS determine the hierarchical rating of technical and (or) biotic reclamation systems, the elements (subsystems) of which interact with the environment and take their place in the basin structure of landscapes involved into the reclamation process on reclaimed lands and adjacent territories.

Состояние и перспективы развития мелиорации в Амурской области

The reclamation complex of the region, after a long period of uncertainty, is among the priorities of agricultural development. The article deals with the problems of land reclamation, which acts as a means of ensuring the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of the region, since land reclamation plays a crucial role in increasing the fertility of developed lands and crop yields. However, reclamation systems need constant maintenance. It is noted that forest reclamation is insufficiently developed in the region. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of land reclamation in the Amur region. The study was conducted in 2018 – 2021 in the Amur region. It has been established that the majority of reclamation systems are in unsatisfactory condition due to a long service life, lack of repair and maintenance, as well as great wear and tear. As a result of the conducted research, the necessity of restoration and reconstruction of the reclamation systems of the region was established. The ways of development of land reclamation on the basis of restoration, repair, reconstruction and construction of new land reclamation systems are outlined. An example of the reconstruction of the reclamation Gilchinsk drainage system and the results of this reconstruction are given, which are expressed in the fact that agricultural work began to be carried out in optimal agrotechnical terms, regardless of weather conditions, and farmers receive stable high yields of agricultural crops. It was noted that it became necessary to pay attention to the design and construction of land reclamation. The modern approach to the survey of reclamation systems, the main directions of repair of concrete structures of reclamation structures are considered. The subject methods of economics, ecology, principles: diversity of forms are used. To conduct this study, information data from websites and other open sources were used.

Geological, geotechnical and geoecological problems of reclamation of land disturbed by dumping in open pit coal mining in Kuzbass

Geological, geotechnical and geoecological problems of reclamation of land disturbed by dumping in open pit coal mining in Kuzbass

К ВОПРОСУ РАЗРАБОТКИ ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ ДЛЯ МОДЕЛЬНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ДЕГРАДАЦИИ ПОЧВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВОДНОЙ ЭРОЗИИ)

Purpose: development of a laboratory facility for multicomponent soil analysis in model experiments on their sprinkling. Materials and methods of research. The works of Russian and foreign scientists, patents, laboratory facilities presented in specialized laboratories were used as a material for the study. Research methods included patent search, analysis and synthesis of the data obtained. Results and discussions. To conduct field experiments, an appropriate technical base which may require both the allocation of experimental plots for field studies in the surveyed areas, and significant costs, is needed, so laboratory experiments are the best alternative for model study of various processes and factors. In laboratory installations, the soil is placed in special containers called a flume, an erosive flume, or a hydraulic flume (hydroflume). Depending on the objectives of the study, various installations are used to ensure the water flow to the soil surface: a jet-drop tube, a sprinkler, a perforated plate with a thermostat. A laboratory facility “installation for studying the processes of water erosion of soils” was proposed by scientists of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Reclamation Problems. The laboratory installation includes all necessary equipment for conducting experiments with great variability. It can be used to model the terrain slope, rain intensity, the angle of its fall, the study of infiltration, etc. Conclusions. To obtain more accurate results, it is necessary to use multicomponent installations that allow simulating a combination of a large number of factors. The proposed laboratory facility has a wide range of possibilities for studying the erosion resistance of soils, the composition of surface runoff and infiltration, as well as the efficiency of a number of reclamation measures.

О некоторых результатах агроэкологического мониторинга почв и земельных ресурсов Российской Федерации в 2019 году

The article presents the results of long-term agroecological monitoring of the state of Russian land resources: the dynamics of changes in agrochemical and physico-chemical indicators, the content of organic matter and elements of mineral nutrition of plants in soils; crop productivity; contamination of soils and products with residual amounts of pesticides, oil and petroleum products, heavy metals, nitrates, radionuclides; the problems of erosion and reclamation of agricultural land are highlighted. Ключевые слова: AGROECOLOGICAL MONITORING, HUMUS, MOBILE PHOSPHORUS, EXCHANGE POTASSIUM, ACIDITY, CHEMICAL RECLAMATION, LIMING, PHOSPHORIZATION, GYPSUM, PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS, YIELD, FERTILIZERS, PESTICIDE RESIDUES, OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HEAVY METALS, NITRATES, WATER AND WIND EROSION OF SOILS, LAND RECLAMATION

О некоторых результатах агроэкологического мониторинга почв и земельных ресурсов Российской Федерации в 2019 году

The article presents the results of long-term agroecological monitoring of the state of Russian land resources: the dynamics of changes in agrochemical and physico-chemical indicators, the content of organic matter and elements of mineral nutrition of plants in soils; crop productivity; contamination of soils and products with residual amounts of pesticides, oil and petroleum products, heavy metals, nitrates, radionuclides; the problems of erosion and reclamation of agricultural land are highlighted. Ключевые слова: AGROECOLOGICAL MONITORING, HUMUS, MOBILE PHOSPHORUS, EXCHANGE POTASSIUM, ACIDITY, CHEMICAL RECLAMATION, LIMING, PHOSPHORIZATION, GYPSUM, PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS, YIELD, FERTILIZERS, PESTICIDE RESIDUES, OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HEAVY METALS, NITRATES, WATER AND WIND EROSION OF SOILS, LAND RECLAMATION

Program-targeted land reclamation In Samara Oblast (Russia)

In the article, the authors consider the current state and a number of measures aimed at solving the problems of land reclamation of agricultural lands in Samara Oblast. A feature of the implementation of the land reclamation program on a regional scale is the use of the program-targeted method and issues of state stimulation of its development, as well as the possibility of attracting extrabudgetary funds for the implementation of investment projects. Such a program is ultimately aimed at increasing the volume of crop and livestock production, as well as preserving existing and creating new jobs. In the article, the authors assess the objectives, tactical indicators, resource support and the course of implementation of state programs for land reclamation support in Samara Oblast. The authors note that during the study period in Samara Region, modernization of existing reclamation systems was carried out, new irrigation systems were built, and previously abandoned agricultural land was restored. As part of targeted funding, the state provides grants for the development of design estimates for the implementation of investment projects in the field of land reclamation. The authors believe that, in general, the progress of the implementation of the state program of land reclamation should be considered very effective.

Legal Problems of Land Reclamation

Legal Problems of Land Reclamation

On the implementation of memory reclamation methods in a lock-free hash trie design

Hash tries are a trie-based data structure with nearly ideal characteristics for the implementation of hash maps. Starting from a particular lock-free hash map data structure, named Lock-Free Hash Tries, we focus on solving the problem of memory reclamation without losing the lock-freedom property. To the best of our knowledge, outside garbage collected environments, there is no current implementation of hash maps that is able to reclaim memory in a lock-free manner. To achieve this goal, we propose an approach for memory reclamation specific to Lock-Free Hash Tries that explores the characteristics of its structure in order to achieve efficient memory reclamation with low and well-defined memory bounds. We present and discuss in detail the key algorithms required to easily reproduce our implementation by others. Experimental results show that our approach obtains better results when compared with other state-of-the-art memory reclamation methods and provides a competitive and scalable hash map implementation, if compared to lock-based implementations.

3D isotropic hole-in-platelet graphene hydrogels with high surface area and fast mass transfer ability as efficient adsorbents

Abstract Integrating the advantages in adsorption and solving the problems of agglomeration and reclamation of 2D graphene, 3D graphene have been regarded as the idea adsorbents for next generation. Nerveless, the mediocre adsorption capacity and comparatively long adsorption time are the key bottlenecks hindering the practical implementations of graphene monolith. Here, we displayed the rational design of 3D graphene hydrogels with isotropic microstructure and in-platelet holes (3D NGH). The isotropic microstructure induced by reducing the size of graphene oxide (GO) lamellae effectively reduced the overlap ratio of graphene and rendered NGH an desired specific surface area (SSA) of 437.07 m2 g−1. Benefiting from that, NGH exhibited an ultrahigh maximal adsorption capacity of 1120.28 mg g−1, where methylene blue (MB) was chosen as the verifiable pollutant. Meanwhile, the in-platelet holes of NGH obtained by simply HNO3 etching significantly improved the mass transfer ability and adsorption rate of SGH (about a fivefold increase from 2.235 × 10−5 to 12.670 × 10−5 g mg−1 min−1). This facile and scalable preparation tackled the two critical issues of 3D graphene adsorbents simultaneously and laid a valuable groundwork for future development in constructing graphene-based composite materials for environmental or energy applications.

Design and methodology for technological calculations of cable-winch traction plow ditchers

A current problem of drainage reclamation is the construction of a network of drainage canals or ditches. Existing technologies of an open drainage network ensure the use of single-bucket or rotary excavators, and with a ditch depth of up to 1 m it is required to use plow-type ditchers with two or three thrust tractors of T-170B type. It is possible to implement the required pulling forces for the operation of plow canal diggers using cable-winch draught. At the same time, a tractor with a winch-anchor passes, unwinding a tracking cable, along the route of the future channel, anchors and pulls the plow canal digger with the traction of the winch. On soils with a low bearing capacity, this principle of operation allows ensuring high flotation and efficiency factor, to realize the traction forces required for constructing a canal up to 1.7 m deep in one pass. Hereof it follows that the determination of the optimal design parameters of the units for forest reclamation work, as well as their mode work is relevant.