К ВОПРОСУ РАЗРАБОТКИ ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ ДЛЯ МОДЕЛЬНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ДЕГРАДАЦИИ ПОЧВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВОДНОЙ ЭРОЗИИ)

Abstract

Purpose: development of a laboratory facility for multicomponent soil analysis in model experiments on their sprinkling. Materials and methods of research. The works of Russian and foreign scientists, patents, laboratory facilities presented in specialized laboratories were used as a material for the study. Research methods included patent search, analysis and synthesis of the data obtained. Results and discussions. To conduct field experiments, an appropriate technical base which may require both the allocation of experimental plots for field studies in the surveyed areas, and significant costs, is needed, so laboratory experiments are the best alternative for model study of various processes and factors. In laboratory installations, the soil is placed in special containers called a flume, an erosive flume, or a hydraulic flume (hydroflume). Depending on the objectives of the study, various installations are used to ensure the water flow to the soil surface: a jet-drop tube, a sprinkler, a perforated plate with a thermostat. A laboratory facility “installation for studying the processes of water erosion of soils” was proposed by scientists of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Reclamation Problems. The laboratory installation includes all necessary equipment for conducting experiments with great variability. It can be used to model the terrain slope, rain intensity, the angle of its fall, the study of infiltration, etc. Conclusions. To obtain more accurate results, it is necessary to use multicomponent installations that allow simulating a combination of a large number of factors. The proposed laboratory facility has a wide range of possibilities for studying the erosion resistance of soils, the composition of surface runoff and infiltration, as well as the efficiency of a number of reclamation measures.