Reciprocal Mean Research Articles

Reciprocity in Experimental Modal Analysis

This paper deals with modal analysis and estimation of modal parameters of an analyzed structure. An aim of the paper is to verify one of four basic assumptions considered in modal testing. This property is reciprocity. Reciprocity means that the frequency response function measured between two degrees-of-freedom must be the same regardless of which degree-of-freedom is input or output. In the paper the experimental and numerical modal analysis of a cantilever beam are presented. There are described two experimental measurements focused on reciprocity of measurement process. Measured mode shapes are compared to each other using Cross Modal Assurance Criterion. The results of experimental and numerical modal analysis are compared to each other.

Effects of psychosocial variables in the similarity and interdependence of physical activity levels among adolescent best friend dyads

ABSTRACTGiven that physical activity (PA) tends to decrease with age during adolescence, addressing factors that affect change is important. This study examined the similarity and interdependence of PA as influenced by psychosocial factors among adolescent best friend dyads. A total of 660 adolescents, representing 330 best friend dyads, completed questionnaires with regard to PA, sitting time, perceived exercise benefits and barriers, physical self-perception and social support for PA. Dyads were also identified as reciprocal and non-reciprocal best friends; reciprocal means that both considered each other best friends and non-reciprocal were those in which only one considered the other a best friend. Data were analysed using a hierarchical linear model framework. Results indicated significant similarities between reciprocal best friend dyads for PA and sitting time, and for sitting time in non-reciprocal best friends (P values <.01). Psychosocial variables were associated with PA in reciprocal best friend dyads and with sitting time in reciprocal and non-reciprocal best friend dyads. Best friend gender, regular sports practice of the person, perceived exercise barriers of the best friend and best friend social support were the best predictors for PA.

Lögin sem einingarband samfélagsins - Íhuganir um samhengi laga og samfélags

Í grein þessari er sjónum sérstaklega beint að tveimur grundvallarhugtökum: Lögum og samfélagi. Af eldri heimildum verður ekki glögglega ráðið að almennur málskilningur hafi dregið skýra markalínu milli samfélags annars vegar og laga hins vegar. Hvað sem framþróun á báðum sviðum líður hefur sambandið þarna á milli ekki enn rofnað og raunar má samhengið heita augljóst þegar að er gáð. Áhrifin eru víxlverkandi. Af gagnkvæmni þessari leiðir meðal annars að frelsis og réttinda verður ekki krafist án þess að menn axli samsvarandi ábyrgð og skyldur. Skilningur á þessum grunnþætti lagahugtaksins markar á þann hátt undirstöðu fyrir daglegt líf okkar og störf.

Evidence Based on a dynamic source: Database support for a theory of transitive reciprocals

Abstract The novelty of this document is that the empirical support for the predictions it examines, predictions about the distribution and interpretation of transitive reciprocal constructions, will be different each time it is read. The evidence will change because this paper will only provide parameters for a search of the Afranaph Database (ongoing) and two other databases, and as these databases grow and change over time, the search results returned today will be different from the results returned by the same search executed months or years from now. Reversing the normal priorities of linguistic research, the proposal we present about the nature of reciprocal constructions in natural language, which contends that direct object full DPs anaphors do not directly contribute reciprocal meaning (a proposal more broadly and specifically defended by Safir and Selvanathan (in preparation) is secondary (a) to our demonstration of the methodology we employ to support our claims and (b) to the lessons we draw from it about the evaluation of evidence for research in linguistics in the digital age.

What Do Reciprocals Mean?

Research on reciprocals has uncovered a variety of semantic contributions that the reciprocal can make, creating problems for proposals that the reciprocal unambiguously means something weak (e.g., Langendoen 1978). However, there is no real evidence that reciprocals are ambiguous, despite previous claims to the contrary (e.g., Fiengo and Lasnik 1973). First, we classify the apparently heterogeneous list of meanings proposed in previous research into a natural taxonomy, showing how they arise from a small stock of logical operations and predicates. Second, we exhibit a partial ordering of the various reciprocal meanings according to logical strength, which we make crucial use of in determining what reciprocals mean in each specific context where they appear. Third, we hypothesize that a reciprocal statement expresses the strongest candidate meaning that is consistent with known properties of the relation expressed by the scope of the reciprocal. This hypothesis is supported by analysis of a large collection of examples we have gathered from various corpora.

On the modified random walk algorithm for Monte-Carlo radiation transfer(Corrigendum)

∞0 Bν(T ) χν dν ∞ 0 B ν(T )d ν · (1) This equation is correct, but the ratio of the integrals was referred to as “the inverse of the Rosseland mean mass extinction coefficient”. This is incorrect, because the Rosseland mean opacity includes dBν(T )/dT terms rather than Bν(T ). Instead, the ratio of the integrals is the inverse of the Planck reciprocal mean mass extinction coefficient (in line with the terminology used by Fleck & Canfield 1984). We can write this mean mass extinction coefficient as:

Los clíticos pronominales del español. Estructura y función

Fecha de recepción: 7 de octubre de 2013. Fecha de aceptación: 8 de abril de 2015. En este trabajo, presento una propuesta de visión global del comportamiento gramatical de los clíticos pronominales, reflexivos y no reflexivos, del español mexicano. En primer lugar, me refiero a la estructura de la palabra verbal que ha incorporado clíticos. En segundo lugar, muestro que los clíticos se comportan o como pronombres o como marcas de concordancia sintáctica,así como las situaciones que propician dicho comportamiento. Y, en tercer lugar, me dedico a la descripción de la versatilidad funcional de los clíticos etimológicamente reflexivos para proponer cuatro grandes usos generales: 1)marca de concordancia sintáctica en la expresión de los sentidos reflexivo y recíproco, 2) marca de voz (activa impersonal, pasiva, anticausativa y antipasiva),3) marca de participante subjetivamente afectado y 4) marca de aspectoperfectivo en construcciones transitivas con sentido de accomplishment.

Indirect reciprocity with optional interactions.

Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation that is relevant for prosocial behavior among humans. Indirect reciprocity means that my behavior towards you also depends on what you have done to others. Indirect reciprocity is associated with the evolution of social intelligence and human language. Most approaches to indirect reciprocity assume obligatory interactions, but here we explore optional interactions. In any one round a game between two players is offered. A cooperator accepts a game unless the reputation of the other player indicates a defector. For a game to take place, both players must accept. In a game between a cooperator and a defector, the reputation of the defector is revealed to all players with probability Q. After a sufficiently large number of rounds the identity of all defectors is known and cooperators are no longer exploited. The crucial condition for evolution of cooperation can be written as hQB>1, where h is the average number of rounds per person and B=(b/c)-1 specifies the benefit-to-cost ratio. We analyze both stochastic and deterministic evolutionary game dynamics. We study two extensions that deal with uncertainty: hesitation and malicious gossip.

Psychomotor vigilance task demonstrates impaired vigilance in disorders with excessive daytime sleepiness.

The Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) is one of the leading assays of sustained vigilant attention in sleep research and highly sensitive to the effects of sleep loss. Even though PVT is widely used in sleep deprivation studies, little is known about PVT performance in patients suffering from sleep-wake disorders. We aimed to quantify the impact of sleep-wake disorders on PVT outcome measures and examine whether PVT can distinguish between healthy controls and patients with sleep-wake disorders and whether PVT can distinguish between three different disorders that express excessive daytime sleepiness. We compared PVT data of 143 patients and 67 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Patients were diagnosed with one of the following sleep-wake disorders: narcolepsy with cataplexy (n = 20), insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS, n = 67) and hypersomnia (HS, n = 56). Several PVT outcomes were analyzed: reciprocal mean reaction time, response variability, number of lapses, number of false reaction time, slowest and fastest 10% of reaction time, and duration of lapses. PVT performance was generally better in healthy controls than in patients with any of the sleep-wake disorders analyzed. Patients with narcolepsy and HS performed worse on PVT than subjects with ISS. In controls, but not in patients, older subjects had slower reactions times and higher response variability in PVT. PVT performance shows different patterns in patients with different sleep-wake disorders and control subjects and may add useful information to the diagnostic work-up of sleep-wake disorders.

Morphosyntax of Balinese Reciprocal Constructions

This study aims at analyzing the types and morphological forms of verbs used in Balinese reciprocal constructions. Data was obtained from Balinese speaking informants living in the island of Bali through observation method. The collected data was analyzed by deductive and inductive approaches so that clear description about reciprocal phenomenon of Balinese could be achieved. The result shows that reciprocal construction in Balinese can be divided into lexical, morphological, and syntactic reciprocal. Balinese has some verbs that lexically mean reciprocal so that constructions using such the verbs are called lexical reciprocal. Morphological reciprocal is a construction that means reciprocal when the verbs have particular morphological process (affixation and or reduplication). Affixes usually attached to the base to result reciprocal meaning are affix (ma-) and (ma-/-an). Meanwhile, syntactic reciprocal is a construction that may mean reciprocal if it has a syntactic element saling. Verb used in syntactic reciprocal may be base and derived verbs and the constructions will not mean reciprocal if the element saling is omitted from the constructions. Seen from the argument, Balinese reciprocal may be distinguished between reciprocal that has core and noncore arguments and reciprocal that has only core arguments.

Dynamic interactions between Egyptian equity and currency markets prior to and during political unrest

Since the January 2011 uprising, Egypt has undergone an ongoing political unrest, which has weighed heavily on the country’s financial markets. This article aims to investigate the existence and nature of first and second moment interdependencies between the stock and currency markets of Egypt before and during the recent 2011 uprising. This investigation is conducted in the context of a bivariate EGARCH framework augmented with cointegrating residuals as an exogenous variable in both the conditional mean and conditional variance equations. The results indicate that during the pre-uprising period, there exist reciprocal mean spillover effects between the equity and currency markets. However, during the in-uprising period, only unidirectional mean spillover effects from the equity market to the currency counterpart is detected. Additionally, over both periods, a unidirectional volatility transmission from the equity market to the currency counterpart is observed. The response pattern of volatility is found...

Choosing to live in a nursing home: a culturally and linguistically diverse perspective.

As part of the findings of a study on culturally and linguistically diverse older people relocating to a nursing home, this paper contributes to our understanding of how older people draw on their cultural history to explain their decisions to relocate. Family reciprocity was identified by most participants as central to their decisions, regardless of their specific cultural origins. Using the grounded theory methodology, data were collected through progressive, semi-structured, repeated, in-person, individual interviews with 20 residents of four nursing homes in the northern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) older people, regardless of specific cultural origin, make relocation decisions based on the importance and meaning of reciprocity within families. Understanding their decisions as reflecting a culturally valued reciprocity offered a sense of cultural continuity to the relocation and was comforting to the older adults involved in the study. This study also suggests that culturally and linguistically diverse older people are much more active participants in the decision to relocate to a nursing home than is commonly recognised. The four nursing homes in the northern suburbs of Melbourne and the 20 participants studied constitute only a small proportion of all culturally and linguistically diverse older nursing home residents in Australia. Therefore, the findings may not be pertinent to other culturally and linguistically diverse elderly. Nonetheless, this study makes an important contribution to future discussions regarding cultural diversity in the nursing home relocation of culturally and linguistically diverse older Australians. The study findings provide some insight into the conditions and contexts that impact nursing home relocation.

The Meaning of Reciprocity : A Historical Perspective Is There a Need or Case for the Continuance of Veterinary Reciprocal Arrangements ( Reciprocity ) with Certain Countires by the South African Veterinary Council ? : An Historical Perspective in Relationship to past Experience , Equity , Access and Possible Future Problems

The Meaning of Reciprocity : A Historical Perspective Is There a Need or Case for the Continuance of Veterinary Reciprocal Arrangements ( Reciprocity ) with Certain Countires by the South African Veterinary Council ? : An Historical Perspective in Relationship to past Experience , Equity , Access and Possible Future Problems

Power Allocation for Robust Distributed Best-Linear-Unbiased Estimation Against Sensing Noise Variance Uncertainty

Motivated by the fact that system parameter mismatch occurs in real-world sensing environments, this paper proposes power allocation schemes for robust distributed bestlinear-unbiased estimation (BLUE) that take account of the uncertainty in the local sensing noise levels. Assuming that (i) the sensing noise variance follows a statistical distribution widely used in the literature and (ii) the link channel gains between sensor nodes and the fusion center (FC) are i.i.d. Rayleigh fading, we propose to use the average reciprocal mean square error (ARMSE), averaged with respect to the distributions of sensing noise variance and fading channels, as the distortion measure. A fundamental inequality characterizing the relation between ARMSE and the average mean square error (AMSE) is established to justify the proposed design metric. While the exact formula for ARMSE is difficult to find, we derive an associated closed-form lower bound which involves the incomplete gamma function. To further ease analysis, we further derive a key inequality that specifies the range of the ARMSE lower bound. Particularly, it is shown that the boundary points of this inequality are characterized by a common function, which involves the Gaussian-tail Q(·) and is thus more analytically appealing. By conducting optimization on the basis of such a function, we obtain closed-form robust solutions for two power allocation problems: (i) optimizing distortion metric under a total power constraint, and (ii) minimizing total power under a target distortion requirement. In case that instantaneous channel state information (CSI) is available to the FC, the proposed approach can be easily modified to derive analytic robust power allocation factors best matched to the CSI realizations. Computer simulations evidence the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

Genetic analysis for seed size in three crosses of chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.)

Sharma, S., Upadhyaya, H. D., Gowda, C. L. L., Kumar, S. and Singh, S. 2013. Genetic analysis for seed size in three crosses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 387–395. Seed size (determined by 100-seed weight) is an important component of trade and yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The present investigation was undertaken to study the possibility of maternal inheritance for seed size and to estimate relative importance of additive and non-additive gene effects on seed size in three chickpea crosses involving two desi (ICC 5002 and ICC 7672) and two kabuli (ICC 11255 and ICC 17109) genotypes. The study included parents, F1, F2, backcross generations, and their reciprocals. Differences in the reciprocal mean 100-seed weight of F1, F2, and backcross generations were not detected in any cross. No definite major gene segregation pattern was observed in the F2generation, and the continuous variation observed indicated quantitative inheritance. Generation mean analysis indicated the presence of additive gene effects controlling seed size in three crosses. Additive×additive type of non-allelic interactions were found significant in desi×kabuli crosses, ICC 5002×ICC 17109 and ICC 7672×ICC 11255. The selection and breeding procedure may be modified for maximum exploitation of the fixable additive×additive epistasis by delaying selection in later generations and by maintaining large populations prior to selection for maximum recombination of genes to occur.

Reciprocity and unitarity in scattering from a non-Hermitian complex PT-symmetric potential

In quantum scattering, Hermiticity is necessary for both reciprocity and unitarity. Reciprocity means that both reflectivity (R) and transmitivity (T) are insensitive to the direction of incidence of a wave (particle) at a scatterer from left/right. Unitarity means that R+T=1. In scattering from non-Hermitian PT-symmetric structures the (left/right) handedness (non-reciprocity) of reflectivity is known to be essential and unitarity remains elusive so far. Here we present a surprising occurrence of both reciprocity and unitarity in scattering from a complex PT-symmetric potential. In special cases, we show that this potential can even become invisible (R=0, T=1) from both left and right sides. We also find that this potential in a parametric regime enjoys a pseudo-unitarity of the type $T+\sqrt{R_{left}R_{right}}=1$.

Reflections on service to CPA.

AbstractThe rewards for to a professional association are many: reputation-building, power, and influence; skill development; networking opportunities; feelings of mastery and belonging. These serve to maintain the behaviours despite occasional dull or routine tasks required in the role. Voluntary of this kind is essential to the maintenance of psychological research, practice, and education; arguably it ensures that psychologists can continue to be psychologists. Disciplinary ensures a strong common core of knowledge, language, and culture to support interdisciplinary and interprofessional endeavours.Keywords: professional development, volunteer, service, discipline, psychologyService (n.) 19.a. The action of serving, helping, or benefiting; conduct tending to the welfare or advantage of another (Oxford English Dictionary, 2012)It began with a reaction; could not resist speaking out. Early in my career read a column in Psynopsis by the then-chair of the CPA Scientific Affairs committee, Linda Siegel. do not recall the topic now, but at the time it struck a chord and wrote her a letter. She responded by inviting me to serve on the committee - in effect, to act rather than merely to react, and to take responsibility for the welfare of psychology as a discipline. Thus began my to CPA.Since then have had the privilege to serve psychology and CPA in many capacities, among them most memorably a term on the Board of Directors during the period when this award's namesake, John C. Service, was Executive Director. His commitment to our discipline, his tenaciousness to the ideal of Advancing Psychology for AH was and is formidable. The naming of this award for him, with its gentle pun, is most appropriate.Since receiving the unexpected news that was to receive the CPA John C. Service Member of the Year award, have thought about the nature of disciplinary (that is to the organisational structures of a discipline), its benefits to the one who serves and to the object served, and the place for professional disciplines in the era of interdisciplinari ty. Interestingly, found few relevant empirical investigations of any kind on these subjects against which to evaluate the hypotheses or notions that have formed.1 Thus, what follows is a series of reflections on that hope will spark reaction from readers that might lead them into a life of to our shared discipline, psychology.Why Service?The dictionary definition of service with which opened this essay suggests altruism as a motive for - the action confers a benefit to the served at a cost to the servant. Psychologists have, of course, puzzled over the phenomenon of altruism for decades: Why do people give of themselves, when it would be easier not to? In the case of disciplinary service, surely there must be some reward for the time that we spend in committee rooms, reading e-mails, and the countless other really quite dull tasks required to keep the discipline and its organisational manifestations active.One possible explanation comes from evolutionary biology, where the behaviours of one in a disciplinary role would be characterised as indirect reciprocity (Nowak & Sigmund, 2005): I scratch your back, and someone else will scratch mine. In this conceptualisation, acts of indirect reciprocity build reputation, which in turn increases the likelihood that someone who has either observed my altruistic act, or has heard of my reputation, will be likely to help me in tum (Nowak & Sigmund, 2005). Some have argued that indirect reciprocity means that one who does good is showing off - acting, at least in part, in hopes of building reputation (Iredale & van Vugt, 2012). Reputation, in turn, can bring its own rewards, including power and influence, connections to potentially helpful others, and employment opportunities. …

The Implementation of the ECRML in Slovakia under Construction: Structural Preconditions, External influence and Internal Obstacles

In the early 1990s, the young Republic of Slovakia, fearing threats of devolution, embarked on an ethno-centric nation-state building, triggering a conflict structure between the majority and the minorities that can be illustrated in the game theoretic model of a ‘Pure conflict’. Even under these unfavourable structural conditions, EU conditionality prompted the state to fulfil the Copenhagen Criteria and to adopt the necessary European legislative package, but inducing formal changes in the legislative mainly. Before accession, the European Charter for Regional or Minority Language was also adopted, but appropriate measures necessary for its implementation did not implicitly follow. Nevertheless, medium-term effects show that due to the strong entrenchment with the international institutions involved, such as the European Council, social ties could be created. Consequently, social practice generated reciprocal collective meanings on minority language rights and proved to have a constitutive impact on Slovakia's identity profile in the post-accession period. However, externally induced progress has overlapped with the alternating political elites in power, dominated by populist and nationalistic rhetoric or moderate centre-right parties, finally hampering a more comprehensive implementation of Slovak minority language protection until today.

The Thai Phase III HIV Type 1 Vaccine Trial (RV144) Regimen Induces Antibodies That Target Conserved Regions Within the V2 Loop of gp120

The Thai Phase III clinical trial (RV144) showed modest efficacy in preventing HIV-1 acquisition. Plasma collected from HIV-1-uninfected trial participants completing all injections with ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) prime and AIDSVAX B/E boost were tested for antibody responses against HIV-1 gp120 envelope (Env). Peptide microarray analysis from six HIV-1 subtypes and group M consensus showed that vaccination induced antibody responses to the second variable (V2) loop of gp120 of multiple subtypes. We further evaluated V2 responses by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance using cyclic (Cyc) and linear V2 loop peptides. Thirty-one of 32 vaccine recipients tested (97%) had antibody responses against Cyc V2 at 2 weeks postimmunization with a reciprocal geometric mean titer (GMT) of 1100 (range: 200-3200). The frequency of detecting plasma V2 antibodies declined to 19% at 28 weeks post-last injection (GMT: 110, range: 100-200). Antibody responses targeted the mid-region of the V2 loop that contains conserved epitopes and has the amino acid sequence KQKVHALFYKLDIVPI (HXB2 Numbering sequence 169-184). Valine at position 172 was critical for antibody binding. The frequency of V3 responses at 2 weeks postimmunization was modest (18/32, 56%) with a GMT of 185 (range: 100-800). In contrast, naturally infected HIV-1 individuals had a lower frequency of antibody responses to V2 (10/20, 50%; p=0.003) and a higher frequency of responses to V3 (19/20, 95%), with GMTs of 400 (range: 100-3200) and 3570 (range: 200-12,800), respectively. RV144 vaccination induced antibodies that targeted a region of the V2 loop that contains conserved epitopes. Early HIV-1 transmission events involve V2 loop interactions, raising the possibility that anti-V2 antibodies in RV144 may have contributed to viral inhibition.

A case study on the reciprocity in light scattering computations

The fulfillment of the reciprocity by five publicly available scattering programs is investigated for a number of different particles. Reciprocity means that the source and the observation point of a given scattering configuration can be interchanged without changing the result. The programs under consideration are either implementations of T-matrix methods or of the discrete dipole approximation. Similarities and differences concerning their reciprocity behavior are discussed. In particular, it is investigated whether and under which conditions reciprocity tests can be used to evaluate the scattering results obtained by the different programs for the given particles.