Reciprocal Model Research Articles

Blending in: A Case Study of Transitional Ambidexterity in the Financial Sector

Organizational ambidexterity is widely recognized as necessary for the economic sustainability of firms operating in the financial sector. While the management literature has recognized several forms of ambidexterity, the relationship between them and their relative merits remain unclear. By studying a process of implementation of ambidextrous capabilities within a large Scandinavian financial firm, we explore the role of top-down reforms and bottom-up reactions in determining the development of sector-specific innovative capabilities. We find that blended ambidexterity follows naturally from the attempt to correct the tensions arising from harmonic ambidextrous blueprints. The resulting blended practice appears to be closely related to the reciprocal model of ambidexterity, which appears to be a necessity rather than a choice, for large firms attempting to develop innovative capabilities. Consequently, we suggest to re-interpret current taxonomies of ambidexterity not as alternative blueprints, but rather as stages in a long-term process of transition.

Review of Methods and Tools for Intellectual Property Analysis of Public Sector Entities

The low efficiency of intellectual property (IP) in the public sector in our current economic environment is largely due to the insufficient development of the prevailing accounting and analytical system. Analytical methods, and the information basis of their application, are the core of this system. The formation of an accounting and analytical system consistent with the development priorities of public sector entities requires special research.This article provides a review of the methods and tools of analysis used by Russian and foreign scientists in the field of IP. Our research sample comprises 52 foreign and 39 Russian sources. Through a detailed textual analysis process, we systematise the existing methods used in the analyses of certain aspects of intellectual activity, and assess the information disclosure therein. Our evaluation is targeted towards identifying prospects for harmonising Russian and international approaches, and provide the groundwork for the improvement of accounting and analytical support for IP management in the public sector.Our results reveal possibilities for expanding the system of IP analysis methods for solving problems in the field of the IP economics and management on the basis of patent analytics. We also collate and classify patent analytics methods, and identify existing methodological problems at the macro- and microeconomic levels. Analytical methods are grouped inaccordance with three stages of the reciprocal model of IP accounting and analysis in the public sector, developed within the framework of a novel theoretical and methodological approach.In conclusion, we illustrate the potential for applying the methods of nonlinear dynamics and the dynamic theory of innovation (re: patent information) to determine the trajectories of public sector entity development concerning levels of information disclosure. We also identify areas for follow up research revealed through our analysis.

Exploring the antecedents, drivers, and outcome of Behaviour-based safety: A literature review

Organisations good at managing safety tend to manage operations well. Safety culture is a subset of organisational culture and is the observable degree of effort with which all the organisation members exert their attention and action towards safety. People neither deterministically controlled by their environments nor entirely self-determining. They are in a state of reciprocal determinism with their settings, where they and their environments influence one another. Safety leadership can positively impact an individual’s safety-related behaviour by up to 86% and reduce accidents by around 35%. Evidence directs us towards safety culture and safety leadership as prominent precursors to workers' safety behaviour (WSB). This study conducts a rigorous review of approximately 20-25 published papers from 2000 to 2019, related articles in books and articles published in the corresponding field journals. The research evidence shows that Cooper's reciprocal model of safety culture encompassing psychological, behavioural and situational factors is well supported by most studies. They offer non- existent to a weak relationship between psychological factors and strong and steady situational and behavioural factors with the safety outcomes. Organisations should concentrate 80% of their safety culture improvement efforts on situational and behavioural factors to prevent process safety and SIF’(Significant incidents and fatalities). Behavioural-based safety (BBS) process serves as a comprehensive tool in altering at-risk behaviour positively. BBS will help the practitioners design enhanced BBS intervention for a more sustainable and persistent impact on workers' safety behaviour (WSB). Further research should be undertaken to establish the empirical links of safety culture and safety leadership constructs with safe outcomes.

Uso del polimorfismo del gen de la β-caseína en términos de preservación del ganado lechero marrón

Los componentes biológicamente importantes de la leche son la grasa, la proteína, la lactosa y los minerales. Gracias a ellos, es una parte significativa y esencial de la dieta humana. En los últimos años, entre los componentes de la proteína, la beta-caseína ha ganado gran importancia y popularidad entre las personas que se preocupan por su salud. Por lo tanto, la composición beta-caseína de proteínas lácteas y productos lácteos se ha convertido en una característica de cría importante de los animales lácteos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las perspectivas para el uso del polimorfismo del locus de beta-caseína en la selección de ganado marrón para determinar la posibilidad de crear rebaños de piscina genética con características únicas de la leche – exclusivamente con beta-caseína A2. La estructura genética identificada de las vacas y toros de la raza Lebedyn por beta-caseína, la participación de los toros de la raza original de la raza suiza marrón (BS) según el modelo recíproco propuesto, permite formar poblaciones homocigotas de genotipos A2A2 en generaciones posteriores. Un enfoque individual para las cuestiones de coincidencia y selección, control, con la ayuda de métodos de diagnóstico de ADN, por los procesos de transmisión de genes de padres a descendientes, permitirá reponer rebaños con portadores del gen A2. El modelo de cría propuesto en combinación con el uso de espermatozoides sexados y el genotipado de novillas, tiene la mayor aceleración de selección de la creación de una población homocigota para beta-caseína A2A2.

Comparison of Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Students in Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) and Reciprocal Teaching (RT) Learning Models

The purpose of this study is to see the differences in the mean increase in student mathematics learning outcomes in the Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) model and reciprocal teaching (RT) model. The sample in this study were 25 students as the experimental class 1 and 23 students as the experimental class 2. This research was an experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design. The data analysis used was descriptive and inferential analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the mean pretest score of the experimental class 1 was 51.64 and the posttest result was 70.88 with the increase in student mathematics learning outcomes reaching 0.39. While the mean pretest score of experimental class 2 was 36.52 and the posttest result was 70.48 with the increase in student mathematics learning outcomes reaching 0.51. The variance of the increase in mathematics learning outcomes in the experimental class 1 was 0.02, and the experimental class 2 was 0.01. The results obtained indicate that the increase in mathematics learning outcomes through the reciprocal teaching learning model is higher than the increase in student mathematics learning outcomes using the AIR learning model.

The Effect of Synectic Learning Model and Learning Interests on Creative Thinking Ability in Writing Free Poetry for Class V Students of SD Negeri 112320 Aek Kota Batu

This study aims to determine: (1) To determine the differences in students' creative thinking skills in writing free poetry between students who are taught with the synectic learning model compared to the reciprocal learning model; (2) To determine the differences in students' creative thinking skills in writing free poetry between students who have high learning interest compared to low learning interest; and (3) to determine the interaction between learning models and interest in learning in influencing students' creative thinking abilities in writing free poetry. This research was conducted at SDN 112320 Aek Kota Batu. The research method used is a quantitative method with a 2x2 experimental design. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and tests. The data analysis technique in this study used the Two Way Anova test. The results showed that: (1) There is a significant difference in the average creative thinking ability of students who are taught with the synectic model compared with the average thinking ability of students taught with the reciprocal model (Fcount = 11.664 and sig. 0.001 < 0.05) ; (2) The average creative thinking ability of students who have high learning interest is higher than the average creative thinking ability of students who have low learning interest (Fcount = 12.165 and sig. 0.001 < 0.05); and (3) There is an interaction between learning models and interest in learning in influencing students' creative thinking abilities (Fcount = 7.054 and sig. 0.011 < 0.05).

“What the Organization Has”: An Investigation of Situational Aspects of Safety Culture of Road Traffic Organization Using a Macroergonomic Approach

This research applied a reciprocal model to investigate the safety culture of road traffic organizations for motorcyclists’ safety. By focusing on the situational aspects, we applied the four steps of the macroergonomic approach to analyze a local government organization in Indonesia. We identified some weak elements of safety culture embedded in the sub-system level of the organization. The absence of proper education of motorcyclist candidates has led to failures in developing their skills and knowledge. In addition, we found that the existence of the item “if any” in the licensing registration procedure weakened the understanding of the importance of learning. Investigation of situational aspects revealed some critical issues regarding safety culture development by road traffic organizations.

Review of Methods and Tools for Intellectual Property Analysis of Public Sector Entities

The low efficiency of intellectual property (IP) in the public sector in our current economic environment is largely due to the insufficient development of the prevailing accounting and analytical system. Analytical methods, and the information basis of their application, are the core of this system. The formation of an accounting and analytical system consistent with the development priorities of public sector entities requires special research.This article provides a review of the methods and tools of analysis used by Russian and foreign scientists in the field of IP. Our research sample comprises 52 foreign and 39 Russian sources. Through a detailed textual analysis process, we systematise the existing methods used in the analyses of certain aspects of intellectual activity, and assess the information disclosure therein. Our evaluation is targeted towards identifying prospects for harmonising Russian and international approaches, and provide the groundwork for the improvement of accounting and analytical support for IP management in the public sector.Our results reveal possibilities for expanding the system of IP analysis methods for solving problems in the field of the IP economics and management on the basis of patent analytics. We also collate and classify patent analytics methods, and identify existing methodological problems at the macro- and microeconomic levels. Analytical methods are grouped in accordance with three stages of the reciprocal model of IP accounting and analysis in the public sector, developed within the framework of a novel theoretical and methodological approach.In conclusion, we illustrate the potential for applying the methods of nonlinear dynamics and the dynamic theory of innovation (re: patent information) to determine the trajectories of public sector entity development concerning levels of information disclosure. We also identify areas for follow up research revealed through our analysis.

Reconstruction of Spatiotemporally Continuous MODIS-Band Reflectance in East and South Asia from 2012 to 2015

To reconstruct Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) band reflectance with optimal spatiotemporal continuity, three bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models—the Ross-Thick-Li-Sparse Reciprocal (RTLSR) model, Gao model, and adjusted BF model—were used to retrieve MODIS-band reflectance for cloudy MODIS pixels according to different inversion conditions with a proposed filling algorithm. Then, a spatiotemporally continuous MODIS-band reflectance dataset for most of Asia with more than 98% spatiotemporal coverage was reconstructed from 2012 to 2015. The validation highlighted an evident improvement in filling cloudy MODIS observations; a reasonable spatial distribution, such as in South Asia and Southeast Asia; and acceptable precision for the filled MODIS pixels, with the root mean square error percentage (RMSE%) at 9.7–9.8% and 12–16% for the Gao and adjusted BF models, respectively. In the course of reconstructing the spatiotemporal continuous MODIS-band reflectance, the differences among the three models were discussed further. For a 16-day period with a stable and unchanged land surface, the RTLSR model, as a basic model, accurately derived land surface reflectance (no more than 10% RMSE% for MCD43C1 V006 band 1) and outperformed the other two models. When the inversion period is sufficiently long (e.g., 108 days, 188 days, 268 days, or a full year), the Gao/adjusted BF model provides better precision than the RTLSR model by considering the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil moisture/NDVI as intermediate variables used to adjust the BRDF parameters in real time. The Gao model is optimal when the inversion period is sufficiently long. Based on combining the RTLSR model and Gao/adjusted BF model, we proposed a filling algorithm to derive a dataset of MODIS-band reflectance with optimal spatiotemporal continuity.

Research on evacuation simulation of underground commercial street based on reciprocal velocity obstacle model

ABSTRACT The current study evaluates the influence of different exit quantity and location on evacuation efficiency of underground commercial street, and analyzes the difference of evacuation efficiency. The author selected the same underground commercial street design, with different locations layout of various exports. The improved RVO is used to generate the regional evacuation path tree according to the evacuation hierarchy of underground commercial street. A node monitoring mechanism is introduced to calculate and store the evacuation path of personnel nodes to prevent “penetration” and simulation stagnation. This paper analyzes the influence of the number and location of evacuation exits on evacuation efficiency by comparing the evacuation time of personnel, and puts forward relevant design principles. The experimental results show that under the same condition of layout and the total width of the outlet, simply increasing the number of outlets cannot effectively improve the fire evacuation efficiency of the underground commercial street. With the same number of exits, symmetrical distribution of both sides with the exit location is more conducive in improving the evacuation efficiency. This paper is expected to provide suggestions for the design of the number and location of the underground commercial street exit.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN RESIPROKAL DENGAN MEDIA BOLA CABANG OLAHRAGA PERMAINAN BOLA BASKET SISWA KELAS IX SEMESTER GANJIL SMP NEGERI 21 SURABAYA

The focus of the PTK problem is "Efforts to Improve Learning Outcomes Through the Application of Media Reciprocal Learning Models with Ball Balls for the IX Class Semester Students of Basketball Games in the Middle School 21 Surabaya Middle School." The formulation of the problem in this study are: Is the ball media and reciprocal / reciprocal learning model able to improve sports learning outcomes in basketball games, so that overall able to achieve the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM). This classroom action research was conducted in conjunction with the lecturer practice program at the Surabaya 21st Junior High School. Previously it was preceded by observation for two days. The research procedure uses planning, implementation, evaluation, and reflection. Data collection techniques with test and observation methods, and the tools used during the study were ball media, field, basket basket, observation sheet. Data analysis technique with percentage formula. The results of the study are as follows: Average values ​​(Mean) are all above the KKM value which is equal to 70 and the average value is 75.5. This shows that the average student can master the learning material. There are obstacles due to the AULA fires in

Workplace Incivility and Deviant Silence: The Role of Moral Attentiveness

In the present study, we examine the reciprocal relationship between employees’ perceptions of workplace incivility and their deviant silence. We also explore the moderating role of moral attentiveness on this relationship. Utilizing three-wave longitudinal data from 297 full-time employees working in different industrial sectors in the United States, we find support for the reciprocal model as the best fit to the data, thus validating relationships over time between our study variables. Taken together, our results suggest that workplace incivility at T1/T2 significantly predicted deviant silence at T2/T3. The results also reveal that deviant silence at T1/T2 significantly predicted workplace incivility at T2/T3. Importantly, we found that reflective but not perceptual moral attentiveness significantly reduced the negative influence of workplace incivility on deviant silence in subsequent time periods. Keywords: workplace incivility, deviant silence, moral attentiveness, reciprocal model

Topic Specificity and Antecedents for Preservice Biology Teachers’ Anticipated Enjoyment for Teaching About Socioscientific Issues: Investigating Universal Values and Psychological Distance

Enjoyment for teaching represents one of the most frequently reported teaching emotions and positively affects student outcomes. Therefore, researchers and teacher educators need to understand its nature and underlying appraisal processes to prepare motivated teachers as part of initial teacher education. Using cross-sectional questionnaire data from 189 German biology preservice teachers (73.5% female, meanage = 23.45 years, SDage = 3.71 years), we empirically tested the topic-specific structure and antecedents of participants’ anticipated enjoyment for teaching. We adapted the established Teacher Emotion Scale to measure preservice teachers’ trait-based enjoyment for teaching by reframing the items with the environmental socioscientific issues of the return of wild wolves and climate change and the health socioscientific issue of preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the best fit of a topic-specific model. We also found different correlations for the anticipated enjoyment for teaching about the issues, but no significant differences in means. Concerning further topic-specific antecedents, the environmentally oriented basic value of universalism predicted the anticipated enjoyment for teaching about the return of wolves, and the socially oriented universal value of benevolence predicted the anticipated enjoyment for teaching about preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Both values inconsistently predicted the anticipated enjoyment for teaching about climate change. While this is in line with the complex nature of this socioscientific issue, psychological distance was a predictor for the anticipated enjoyment for teaching about every topic. While these effects remained stable when controlling for demographic variables, male participants showed a higher anticipated enjoyment for teaching about wolves and about climate change, and female preservice teachers for teaching about preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Further studies are needed to investigate if the results can be transferred to in-service teachers or to other teaching emotions. Furthermore, future studies could examine effects on other factors relevant to teaching emotions such as reactions to student behavior, which have been described as central for the causation of teaching emotions in prior studies (i.e., “reciprocal model of teaching emotions”). The present study stimulates such new studies and adds important knowledge to the understanding of topic specificity and topic-specific antecedents of anticipated enjoyment for teaching, which are relevant for teacher education and professional development.

An empirical porosity–depth model for Earth’s crust

Porosity is one of the most basic physical properties of a stratum. Previous studies have shown that porosity generally decreases with depth. There are five main types of empirical models available for describing such a porosity–depth relationship: the linear model, the exponential model, the power law model, the reciprocal model, and the parabolic model. For the majority of past and existing studies, each tends to focus on one study area, and thus does not present enough data to cover a large depth range and represent the general attenuation of porosity through Earth’s crust. Whether those models can deal with a larger depth scale or not remains unknown. This paper proposes a new empirical porosity–depth model that can describe the decrease of porosity through the entire Earth’s crust. Porosity–depth data are collected from the literature and the proposed model fits the data very well. The model improves the agreement between calculated and measured porosity values and can be used to describe the porosity–depth relationship for continental crust, oceanic crust, sedimentary rocks, and unconsolidated sediments. The proposed model tends to slightly overestimate the measured data for Earth’s continental crust in the depth range of 5–15 km. It is also difficult for a model to fit the near-surface porosity data well for unconsolidated sediments. This study improves the usefulness of the empirical models in estimating porosity where measured data are unavailable, in discerning abnormal strata, and in supporting regional groundwater studies.

Longitudinal associations between Chinese preschool children’s approaches to learning and teacher-child relationships

Aiming to examine the direction of associations between Chinese preschool children’s approaches to learning and teacher-child relationships, the current study tested three cross-lagged models: a relationship-driven model, a child-driven model, and a reciprocal model. Fifty-nine lead teachers of 595 preschoolers completed the Preschool Learning Behavior Scale and Student-Teacher Relationship Scale at two waves, first at the end of children’s second year in preschool, and one year later before children exited preschool. The results showed significant cross-wave associations from children’s Attention/Persistence to teacher-reported closeness and conflict with individual children, and from children’s Learning Strategies to teacher-child conflict. These findings highlight child-driven effects between children’s approaches to learning and teacher-child relationships in the Chinese preschool context. Implications for educational practices are discussed.

Kinematics of a simple reciprocal model swimmer at intermediate Reynolds numbers

We computationally study the kinematics of a simple model reciprocal swimmer (asymmetric dumbbell) as a function of the Reynolds number (Re) and investigate how the onset and gradual increase of inertia impacts the swimming behavior: a reversal in the swim direction, flow directions, and the swim stroke. We divide the swim stroke into the expansion and compression of the two spheres and relate them to power and recovery strokes. We find that the switch in swim direction also corresponds to a switch in power and recovery strokes. We obtain expressions for the mean swimming velocity by collapsing the net displacement during expansion and compression under power law relationships with respect to Re, the swimmer's amplitude, and the distance between the two spheres. Analyzing the fluid flows, we see the averaged flow field during expansion always resembles a pusher and compression always a puller, but when averaged over the whole cycle, the flow that dominates is the one that occurs during the power stroke. We also relate the power and recovery strokes to the swimming efficiency during times of expansion and compression, and we find that the power stroke is, surprisingly, not always more efficient than the recovery stroke. Our results may have important implications for biology and ultimately the design of artificial swimmers.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN RESIPROKAL DENGAN MEDIA BOLA CABANG OLAHRAGA PERMAINAN BOLA BASKET SISWA KELAS IX SEMESTER GANJIL SMP NEGERI 21 SURABAYA

The focus of the PTK problem is "Efforts to Improve Learning Outcomes Through the Application of Media Reciprocal Learning Models with Ball Balls for the IX Class Semester Students of Basketball Games in the Middle School 21 Surabaya Middle School." The formulation of the problem in this study are: Is the ball media and reciprocal / reciprocal learning model able to improve sports learning outcomes in basketball games, so that overall able to achieve the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM). This classroom action research was conducted in conjunction with the lecturer practice program at the Surabaya 21st Junior High School. Previously it was preceded by observation for two days. The research procedure uses planning, implementation, evaluation, and reflection. Data collection techniques with test and observation methods, and the tools used during the study were ball media, field, basket basket, observation sheet. Data analysis technique with percentage formula. The results of the study are as follows: Average values ​​(Mean) are all above the KKM value which is equal to 70 and the average value is 75.5. This shows that the average student can master the learning material. There are obstacles due to the AULA fires in

Who Enjoys Teaching, and When? Between- and Within-Person Evidence on Teachers' Appraisal-Emotion Links.

Testing assumptions proposed by Frenzel’s reciprocal model of teacher emotions (e.g., Frenzel, 2014), this study explored relations between teachers’ appraisals concerning the attainment and importance of their teaching goals, and their emotions. Specifically, we addressed teachers’ goals of high student performance, motivation, discipline, and high-quality teacher–student relationship and three key discrete emotions, namely, enjoyment, anger, and anxiety, during teaching. We had 244 secondary school teachers (70.1% female) self-report their goal attainment and importance appraisals and emotional experiences with respect to up to three different classes they currently taught. Results from single- and two-level multivariate multiple regression analyses largely supported the relevance of the goal attainment appraisals for teachers’ emotions both on the between-person and the within-person level. Goal importance appraisals proved to be of secondary relevance. On the between-person level, those teachers who positively appraised the attainment of motivation, discipline, and teacher–student relationship quality proved to report more enjoyment and less anxiety and anger. On the within-person level, teachers reported enjoying teaching those classes more, which they perceived as better performing, more motivated and disciplined, and with whom they had a better relationship. Anger and anxiety were negatively linked to appraisals pertaining to the attainment of discipline and teacher–student relationship quality. Across both analysis perspectives, teacher–student relationship quality attainment showed particularly strong links with all three emotions. Because teachers’ subjective evaluations regarding student behaviors were shown to be highly relevant for their emotions, we conclude that teachers could be supported in modifying their emotional experiences through cognitive reappraisal. Interventions targeting teachers’ relationships with students, and their cognitive judgments thereof, seem particularly promising.

A Generalization of Reciprocal Exponential Model: Clayton Copula, Statistical Properties and Modeling Skewed and Symmetric Real Data Sets

We introduce a new extension of the reciprocal Exponential distribution for modeling the extreme values. We used the Morgenstern family and the clayton copula for deriving many bivariate and multivariate extensions of the new model. Some of its properties are derived. We assessed the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) via a graphical simulation study. The assessment was based on the sample size. The new reciprocal model is employed for modeling the skewed and the symmetric real data sets. The new reciprocal model is better than some other important competitive models in statistical modeling.

The Influence of Reciprocity on Individual Decisions in a Climate Coalition Experiment

Purpose: This study examines the impact of individual reciprocal preferences on coalition formation. The reciprocal model considers a player’s own payoff, the player’s perception of others’ payoffs, and others’ perceptions of the player’s payoff. Research design, data and methodology: A reciprocal model is built to illustrate how reciprocity influences individual decisions in a coalition game and its formation. The prediction is examined with experimental evidences from a dictator game and a membership game. Results: The theoretical result suggests that the coalition formation could be unstable due to negative reciprocal kindness. The experimental findings support that negative reciprocal kindness could lead players participating in a coalition, no matter their dominant strategies are. When subjects were essential to make contributions to a coalition, they were more likely to cooperate if they were treated badly. In contrast, when subjects were unnecessary, the reciprocal kindness could enhance cooperative tendencies. Conclusions: This study reveals that the reciprocal behavior could influence individual decisions and reshape the coalition formation. In terms of policy implications, this study has shown that coalition formation could be reshaped by reciprocal prefe rences. Due to the strategic and complicated decision process in an interactive environment, a comprehensive investigation of factors would be required in a climate coalition in practice.