Reciprocal Method Research Articles

In the Saharawi Refugee Camps – Graphic Story Telling as a Reciprocal Education-Activating Method

In the Saharawi Refugee Camps – Graphic Story Telling as a Reciprocal Education-Activating Method

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH RECIPROCAL TEACHING STRATEGY ON REPORT TEXT

The objectives of this research is to know how to use of reciprocal methods to teaching reading comprehension of the senior high school in second grade. The purpose of the research is to help students’ to cope the difficulties in reading report text, because there are still many students who find it difficult to read English and the lack of reading comprehension of students in class XI Animation of SMK TI Garuda Nusantara Cimahi with the aim of (1) how to implement the Reciprocal Learning method in increasing students' reading comprehension (2) whether there is an increase in student scores after using the Reciprocal Learning method. The author uses the reciprocal method to increase the ability of students to read comprehension. This research is quantitative by using experimental research methods. After conducting the research obtained the data pre-test (80) and post-test (95). Based on these data, it can be concluded that the use of reciprocal methods in the report text material can improve reading comprehension in students of class XI Animation 2 Vocational School of TI Garuda Nusantara Cimahi.

Analysis of Near Surface Seismic Refraction for Geotechnical Parameters in Opolo, Yenagoa of Bayelsa State

Three surface refraction seismic profiles were conducted in a site targeted for huge construction in an underdeveloped area in Opolo, Yenagoa city to portray some of the subsurface soil engineering characteristics for the purposes of construction. The Generalized Reciprocal Method (GRM) was used to interpret the acquired P and S-wave. Various shallow rock engineering parameters such as Oedometric modulus, Concentration Index, Material Index, Lame’s constant, Density Gradient, Stress Ratio, Shear modulus, Bearing capacity, and N-value were calculated in other to assess the strength of the subsurface from a geophysical and engineering perspective. The values from the seismic velocity and strength parameters indicates that the bedrock layer (layer 3) of the area studied is characterized by more competent rock quality than layer 1 and 2. Hence, the Opolo site is suggested for construction activities with percussive measures.

Characterization of a Membrane‐Bound Insect Transferrin

Transferrins are extracellular proteins that bind iron. Vertebrate transferrins have well‐characterized roles in iron transport and immunity, but the functions of transferrins in most other animals are poorly understood. The goals of this study are to identify the functions of transferrin‐3 (Tsf3) from Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), and to determine whether Tsf3 is conserved in other species of insects. Our experimental approach has been to predict important features of the protein, analyze gene expression, perform RNAi‐mediated knockdown in cultured cells, and use phylogenetic analysis to identify Tsf3 orthologs. An analysis of the Tsf3 amino acid sequence predicts that Tsf3 is extracellular and anchored to the plasma membrane. Putative iron‐binding residues are present in the carboxyl‐lobe, but iron‐binding residues appear to be lacking in the amino‐lobe; therefore, we predict that only the carboxyl‐lobe binds iron. Tsf3 is expressed at a low level throughout development in many tissues, but it is very highly expressed in prepupal salivary glands. Cells of the prepupal salivary glands are exceptional because of their extensive DNA replication and because they synthesize large amounts of glue proteins that are used by the insect to attach itself to a solid surface prior to pupation. High expression of Tsf3 in the prepupal salivary glands suggests that Tsf3 may participate in the uptake of iron in these glands, possibly to be used as a cofactor for enzymes required for DNA synthesis, or perhaps to be used in the glue biosynthesis process. To test the hypothesis that Tsf3 is used for iron uptake by insect cells, we are in the process of evaluating the effect of RNAi‐mediated knockdown of Tsf3 on cellular iron content. Toward this goal, we verified that Tsf3 is expressed in cultured insect cells, synthesized dsRNA that targets Tsf3, and optimized a method to measure cellular iron content. Finally, we used a reciprocal BLAST method to search for possible orthologs of Tsf3 in insects from 12 different orders. We found that all 13 species analyzed have putative Tsf3 orthologs. Our findings demonstrate that Tsf3 is likely to be an extracellular, membrane‐bound, iron‐binding protein that may be involved in cellular iron uptake in diverse species of insects.Support or Funding InformationNSF IOS 1656388This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Structural and chemical investigation of interface related magnetoelectric effect in Ni/BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 heterostructures

The magnetoelectric coupling mechanism in Ni/BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 heterostructures is investigated through a detailed microstructural study of the BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 film and a chemical analysis of the Ni/BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 interface. The four structural variants expected in BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 are detected by high resolution X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping method. The ferroelectric domain structure is imaged with transmission electron microscopy. Oxidized Ni is evidenced at the Ni/BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 interface by electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, although the degree of Ni oxidation is independent of the magnetoelectric state of the heterostructure.

The Effectiveness of Reciprocal Teaching Method Embedding Critical Thinking Towards MIA Second Graders’ Reading Comprehension of MAN 1 Kendari

This research is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of reciprocal teaching strategy embedding critical thinking for students’ reading comprehension at the second grade of MIA at MAN 1 Kendari. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed to investigate the effectiveness of the method, as well as students’ perception. The study was guided by two research questions: (a) does reciprocal teaching method embedding critical thinking (RTT+) affect MIA second graders’ reading comprehension; (b) how do students perceive RTT+? Ninety-seven students participated in the present study. The instruments of the study were reading comprehension test and questionnaires. Reading comprehension test was administered on two different occasions; before and after treatment, whereas questionnaires were administered prior to the end of the study. Paired sample t-test was employed to examine possible differences in students’ pre- and post- test scores. The results show significant improvement in students’ post-test scores. Implications of the study will be critically discussed in this paper. Key words: Reciprocal Teaching Method, Critical Thinking, RTT+, Reading Comprehension.

Cost Allocation and Information Technology

A central question in management accounting is the allocation of support department costs. Support departments provide services to operating departments that directly add value to a product or service in the firm. The increasing use of information technology (IT) has resulted in the creation of another important cost category that contributes to overhead costs. Although increases in IT spending are expected to increase productivity and profitability, the results were typically mixed. This phenomenon has historically been labeled “the productivity paradox.” Recently, IT has more rapidly increased productivity and profitability in various organizations, but the productivity increase has been erratic and inconsistent. To remain competitive, managers have had to respond to these technological changes by investing heavily in IT. Hence, justifying IT expenses has been an increasing conundrum for CIOs of most organizations. The paper provides insight into cost allocation methods that can be used to distribute IT costs. An illustrative case study provides additional insights. Three methods of varying complexity and accuracy are utilized by most organizations. From the case analysis, the reciprocal method is shown to allocate IT costs better than the direct and step-down methods. Managerial insights are provided to technology managers.

Modeling variables of reciprocal bracing excavation method on the performance of adjacent structure

Modeling variables of reciprocal bracing excavation method on the performance of adjacent structure

Numerical Analysis by Using Jacobi Iterative Methods as an Approach for Application Reciprocal Method For Services Centers Costs: Applied Study Cost

Numerical Analysis by Using Jacobi Iterative Methods as an Approach for Application Reciprocal Method For Services Centers Costs: Applied Study Cost

Is VIRT an Efficacious Strategy for Refraction Inversion

Visual interactive ray trace (VIRT) inversion is a manual approach to refraction tomography. VIRT tomograms do not detect a major 50 m wide shear zone with a low seismic velocity at Mt Bulga. This failure is attributed to the probable use of a low resolution starting model, specifically the smooth velocity gradient wavepath eikonal traveltime (WET) tomogram, for the VIRT inversion. In this case, the low resolution of the VIRT tomogram is another demonstration of non-uniqueness. Alternatively, a starting model has been generated with the conventional reciprocal method, in which the existence of the low velocity region is unequivocal. In this case, confirmation bias has been employed to remove any expression of the low velocity region. VIRT tomography generates complex velocity models of the weathering from relatively small numbers of traveltimes, indicating that VIRT is overfitting those data. The extensive use of vertical interfaces across which there are large contrasts in seismic velocities is not consistent with standard models of normal weathering profiles. By contrast, VIRT generates simple velocity models in the sub-weathering from many traveltimes, indicating that VIRT is underfitting those traveltimes. Refraction tomograms produced with WET tomography using smoothed and detailed starting models generated with the generalized reciprocal method (GRM) have smaller errors than tomograms obtained with VIRT tomography and with WET tomograms generated with VIRT starting models. VIRT neither improves the accuracy nor the geological verisimilitude of refraction tomograms. Furthermore, VIRT is time consuming and subjective. Although technically, VIRT is efficacious, the alternatives of automatic refraction tomography are more practical, more accurate, and generate more useful tomograms. In the final analysis however, VIRT is simply outdated.

The Computation of Attributes from Multi-fold Seismic Refraction Data

Seismic attributes are any measure that helps to better visualize or quantify features of interest in seismic data. Refraction attributes can be readily computed from multifold seismic data using the standard algorithms of the generalized reciprocal method (GRM), a common offset refraction (COR) modification of the GRM, and the refraction convolution section (RCS). The COR GRM algorithms are applied prior to the parameterization of the traveltime data into individual layers. The COR GRM presentations facilitate the efficient quality control and interpretation of large sets of multi-fold data. Furthermore, the COR GRM algorithms can be readily applied to single ended refraction data, which are routinely recorded with marine and land streamers. The time model attribute obtained with the COR GRM algorithm is of comparable accuracy to that computed with the standard multi-fold GRM. However, the COR GRM seismic velocity model is a smoothed version of the fully optimized standard GRM model. The refraction attributes computed from the head wave amplitudes include the multi-fold head coefficient, and a COR equivalent with the amplitude product. Although the COR amplitude product for each offset is of comparable accuracy to the multi-fold head coefficient, it also includes a residual geometric spreading component. Another refraction attribute computed from the head wave amplitudes is the geometric spreading coefficient, which is generally assumed to be two in the far field for plane homogeneous refractors. This parameter is consistent over a wide range of offsets, but varies considerably from less than one to up to four along the seismic traverse The attribute derived from the RCS is bandwidth in octaves. It is proposed that refraction attributes can be employed to derive more useful models of the regolith using multivariate geostatistics. It is concluded that, refraction attributes offer the opportunity of extending the refraction method to new applications.

Non-uniqueness with Refraction Inversion ? A Syncline Model Study

Non-uniqueness occurs with the 1D parameterization of refraction traveltime graphs in the vertical dimension and with the 2D lateral resolution of individual layers in the horizontal dimension. The most common source of nonuniqueness is the inversion algorithm used to generate the starting model. This study generates tomograms with wavepath eikonal traveltime (WET) tomography from starting models obtained with a smooth velocity gradient, the tau-p algorithm and the generalized reciprocal method (GRM) to traveltime data for a syncline (2D) model. The seismic velocity at the region of maximum gradient, taken to be refractor interface, was both ambiguous and anomously low for the smooth velocity gradient and the tau-p starting tomograms. These starting models also produced an artefact with a high seismic velocity in the main refractor. The GRM tomograms accurately reproduced the syncline, together with narrow regions at the thalweg with seismic velocities that are less than and greater than, as well as the true seismic velocities. It is concluded that inversion algorithms, which explicitly identify forward and reverse traveltime data, such as those of the GRM, are required to generate useful starting models in the near-surface where irregular refractors are common. The most likely tomogram can be selected as either the simplest model, or with a priori information, such as head wave amplitudes. The determination of vertical velocity functions within individual layers is also subject to non-uniqueness. Depths computed with vertical velocity gradients, which are the default with many tomography programs, are generally 50% greater than those computed with constant velocities for the same traveltime data. The GRM average vertical velocity provides a more accurate measure of depth estimates, where it can be derived. Non-uniqueness is a fundamental reality with the inversion of all near-surface seismic refraction data. Unless specific measures are taken to explicitly address non-uniqueness, then the production of a single refraction tomogram, which fits the traveltime data to sufficient accuracy, does not necessarily demonstrate that the result is either ?correct? or even the most probable.

Image-attribute reciprocally guided attention network for pedestrian attribute recognition

Pedestrian attribute recognition is a fundamental yet challenging task in intelligent surveillance. Previous work focus on either discovering the discriminative visual features, or exploring the semantic dependencies among the attributes. However, the learning of comprehensive features by exploiting the relationship between the visual appearances and the attributes are not fully considered. To this end, we propose an image-attribute reciprocal guidance representation method, which investigates image-guided feature and attribute-guided feature to learn the comprehensive features for different attributes. To adaptively optimize the weight distributions of both features, we further develop a fusion attention mechanism. Besides, we present a focal cross-entropy loss to address the attribute imbalance problem. The whole framework is called Image-Attribute Reciprocally Guided Attention Network (IA2-Net), which is an end-to-end model. Extensive experiments on benchmark PETA and RAP datasets show that IA2-Net is very competitive with state-of-the art approaches.

Enhancing the Conceptual Understanding in Teaching English Through Reciprocal Teaching Method at Primary Level

The Reciprocal teaching method describes the process of reading as an interactive one, in which readers interact with the text as their prior experience is activated, using prior experience as a guide, readers learn new information, main ideas and arguments. the main objectives of this study is to explore the conceptual understanding of the teacher in using reciprocal strategies in teaching English reading, and to apply reciprocal strategies which are helpful to develop conceptual understanding in learning English reading. Students face many challenges and problems during the process of reading English text. The area of this study in primary P.C Urdu section school attached with G.E.C.E (W) Hyd. Where the populations were 14 students and 6 teachers, and selected 6 students and two teachers. This research focused on qualitative method and purposive sampling used in this study. This study is limited at Grade 5th in PC Urdu section school. Reciprocal is a research-based technique and method. It’s helpful both teachers and students. The main findings of this study those teachers not aware about how to use varieties of strategies they just teach in a traditional way. They don’t know the term Reciprocal and its strategies. This study focused that if the teachers are used this method, so teach the students in effective manner then definitely would be possible to develop critical thinking and comprehension skills of the students. The recommendation of this study is that RT strategies are should be incorporate into the curriculum and instructed in EFL classes and the future researchers should create more reading activities, and attempt to provide a supportive learning atmosphere in order to help students reinforce their learning interest in learning English.

A hybrid approach for water resources management in Tunisia

Optimal water resources management is often related to the desirability of achieving equitable distribution of water among the users based on economic, social, availability, reliability and environmental procedures. In Tunisia, the main issues of water resources management are addressed with specific reference to the available water resources and water demand from domestic, agricultural, tourism, municipal and industry sectors. Usually, there is increasing competition for water among the various water use sectors in several regions of Tunisia. Water policy and legal frameworks are some of the feasible measures that provide opportunities to evolve a systematic approach to water resources management. For that, this paper describes the development of a hybrid approach for the evaluation and allocation of potential water resources management for many sectors according to several criteria. A hybrid approach between the reciprocal weights method (RR) based on the results of the Delphi method, the analytic hierarchical process (AHP) and the Hurwicz criterion method (HCM) has been developed to evaluate and select the best water resources for Sfax (Tunisia) based on sensitivity analysis.

Gene regulatory network inference and analysis of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated infections caused by bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a major public health problem worldwide. Gene regulatory networks (GRN) computationally represent interactions among regulatory genes and their targets. They are an important approach to help understand bacterial behaviour and to provide novel ways of overcoming scientific challenges, including the identification of potential therapeutic targets and the development of new drugs.OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to reconstruct the multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa GRN and to analyse its topological properties.METHODS The methodology used in this study was based on gene orthology inference using the reciprocal best hit method. We used the genome of P. aeruginosa CCBH4851 as the basis of the reconstruction process. This MDR strain is representative of the sequence type 277, which was involved in an endemic outbreak in Brazil. FINDINGS We obtained a network with a larger number of regulatory genes, target genes and interactions as compared to the previously reported network. Topological analysis results are in accordance with the complex network representation of biological processes.MAIN CONCLUSIONS The properties of the network were consistent with the biological features of P. aeruginosa. To the best of our knowledge, the P. aeruginosa GRN presented here is the most complete version available to date.

Improved Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient for Path Planning-Based Crowd Simulation

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been proved to be more suitable than reinforcement learning for path planning in large-scale scenarios. In order to more effectively complete the DRL-based collaborative path planning in crowd evacuation, it is necessary to consider the space expansion problem brought by the increase of the number of agents. In addition, it is often faced with complicated circumstances, such as exit selection and congestion in crowd evacuation. However, few existing works have integrated these two aspects jointly. To solve this problem, we propose a planning approach for crowd evacuation based on the improved DRL algorithm, which will improve evacuation efficiency for large-scale crowd path planning. First, we propose a framework of congestion detection-based multi-agent reinforcement learning, the framework divides the crowd into leaders and followers and simulates leaders with a multi-agent system, it considers the congestion detection area is set up to evaluate the degree of congestion at each exit. Next, under the specification of this framework, we propose the improved Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (IMADDPG) algorithm, which adds the mean field network to maximize the returns of other agents, enables all agents to maximize the performance of a collaborative planning task in our training period. Then, we implement the hierarchical path planning method, which upper layer is based on the IMADDPG algorithm to solve the global path, and lower layer uses the reciprocal velocity obstacles method to avoid collisions in crowds. Finally, we simulate the proposed method with the crowd simulation system. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our method.

Diversified Crowd Evacuation Method in Large Public Places

Realistic crowd simulation is an important issue for crowd management, public space design, and architectural and urban planning. In this paper, we present a novel approach for planning and directing heterogeneous large-scale crowd in public places. We firstly extract group features from real-world video, and transfer them to the virtual crowd members. On this basis, we perform the crowd evacuation by combining the global path planning and collide avoidance strategy. Our method efficiently produces the most promising paths in both time and space and offers a reasonable distribution of the crowd' members over these paths such that their average evacuation time is minimized based on the probabilistic roadmaps approach. The generated paths are combined with reciprocal velocity obstacle method to handle collisions and generate the final motions of the individuals. We demonstrate its potential on large public places with 10000 individuals and evaluate the results from our simulations using some quantitative quality metrics. In practice, our method can interactively simulate large crowds with thousands of individuals on a desktop PC and naturally generates a diverse set of emergent behaviors.

A Novel Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Forest State Based on Unit Circle

Comprehensive evaluation of forest state is the precondition and critical step for forest management. To solve the problem that the radar plot and unit circle only focus on the value of each the evaluation index, this paper proposes a novel method for comprehensively and simultaneously evaluating the functionality and inhomogeneity of forest state based on the modified unit circle method. We evaluated the forest state of the Quercus aliena BL. var. acuteserrata Maxim. ex Wenz. broad-leaved mixed forest in the Xiaolong Mountains Forest Area of Gansu Province and the Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province in China. According to the principle of comprehensive, scientific and operability, 10 evaluation indices on forest structure and vitality were selected to construct the evaluation indicator system. Each index was normalized based on the assignment method and ensured to be strictly positive based on reciprocal transformation method. The areas and arc length of the closed graph, formed by connecting every two adjacent indicators, in the radar plot and unit circle were extracted. Based on the isoperimetric theorem (isoperimetric inequality), a comprehensive evaluation model was constructed. Compared with radar chart and unit circle method, each index in the newly proposed unit circle method is represented by an independent sector region, reflecting the contribution of the index to the overall evaluation result. Each index has the same relative importance weight, contributing to the estimation the relative sizes of each aspect of forest state. The unique area and arc length of the closed graph help summarize the overall performance with a global score. The expression effect of improved unit circle has been enhanced, and as an English proverb put it, “A picture is worth a thousand words.” The new proposed method simultaneously evaluates the functionality and inhomogeneity of the forest state and it is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of forest state problems and the decision-making of forest management.

Pengaruh Metode Bertimbal Balik (Reciprocal Teaching) Terhadap Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 2 Aikmel Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019

The preliminary study shows that History is an unattractive, boring, difficult subject, etc. that shows students actually don't like the lesson. This situation can be aggravated if the teacher who teaches it is monotonous, too theoretical, and abstract, lack of textbooks, plus an ever-changing curriculum. Students' critical thinking skills can be very diverse, especially can be seen from the lack of active participation of students in learning, the low response and courage of students to express opinions. Facing this reality, researchers want to try reciprocal teaching method that is assumed to have a positive effect on students' critical thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Reciprocal teaching models on students' critical thinking skills in History subjects in the XI IPS class in SMAN 2 academic year 2017/2018. This type of research is experimental research. The experimental group was given treatment using the Reciprocal Teaching method while the control group using conventional methods. Data on the results were collected through observation sheet. data analysis was performed with t-test formula. Based on the results of data analysis obtained t-count = 6.370 and t-table 2.00 with dk 58 and a significance level of 5% so that the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted, which means there is a positive and significant influence using the reciprocal method (Reciprocal Teaching ) on students' critical thinking skills in History subjects in class XI IPS students of SMAN 2 Aikmel academic year 2018/2019.