Reciprocal Method Research Articles

Utopian point based decomposition for multi-objective optimization problems with complicated Pareto fronts

Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) has been considered as a promising method for solving multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs). It devotes most of its effort on convergence by optimizing a set of scalar optimization subproblems in a collaborative manner, while maintaining the diversity by using a set of uniformly distributed weight vectors. However, more recent studies illustrated that MOEA/D faces difficulties on MOPs with complicated Pareto fronts, mainly because the uniformity of weight vectors no longer lead to an evenly scattered approximation of the Pareto fronts in these cases. To remedy this, we suggest replacing the ideal point in the reciprocal Tchebycheff decomposition method with a more optimistic utopian point, with the aim of alleviating the sensitivity of MOEA/D to the Pareto front shape of MOPs. Experimental studies on benchmark and real-world problems have shown that such simple modification can significantly improve the performances of MOEA/D with reciprocal Tchebycheff decomposition on MOPs with complicated Pareto fronts.

Reciprocal complementation of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 lacking either the membrane or fusion gene

Two defective bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) strains were generated, one lacking the membrane (M) protein gene and expressing EGFP (ΔM-EGFP) and the other lacking the fusion (F) protein gene and expressing mStrawberry (ΔF-mSB), by supplying deficient proteins in trans. When Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells were co-infected with ΔM-EGFP and ΔF-mSB at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1, complemented viruses were easily obtained. Complemented viruses grew as efficiently as wild-type BPIV3 and could be passaged in MDBK cell cultures even at an MOI of 0.01, possibly due to multiploid virus particles containing genomes of both ΔM-EGFP and ΔF-mSB. This reciprocal complementation method using two defective viruses would be useful to express large or multiple proteins in cell cultures using paramyxovirus vectors.

Anisotropic Harper-Hofstadter-Mott model: Competition between condensation and magnetic fields

We derive the reciprocal cluster mean-field method to study the strongly-interacting bosonic Harper-Hofstadter-Mott model. The system exhibits a rich phase diagram featuring band insulating, striped superfluid, and supersolid phases. Furthermore, for finite hopping anisotropy we observe gapless uncondensed liquid phases at integer fillings, which are analyzed by exact diagonalization. The liquid phases at fillings 1 and 3 exhibit the same band fillings as the fermionic integer quantum Hall effect, while the phase at filling 2 is CT-symmetric with zero charge response. We discuss how these phases become gapped on a quasi-one-dimensional cylinder, leading to a quantized Hall response, which we characterize by introducing a suitable measure for non-trivial many-body topological properties. Incompressible metastable states at fractional filling are also observed, indicating competing fractional quantum Hall phases. The combination of reciprocal cluster mean-field and exact diagonalization yields a promising method to analyze the properties of bosonic lattice systems with non-trivial unit cells in the thermodynamic limit.

Lattice allocations: A better way to do cost allocations

This paper describes a new cost allocation technique that we call “lattice allocation.” The technique uses matrix algebra operations such as in standard spreadsheet software to perform complex cost allocations. To illustrate the power and versatility of the technique, we provide two examples. First, we show how lattice allocations can allocate service department costs to fully recognize mutual services among service departments, similar to the reciprocal method but without the complexity of solving a set of linear equations. Second, we show how lattice allocations can implement two-stage activity-based costing in a single step. The lattice allocation method is easy to apply, requires no special software for small organizations, easily scales up to medium and large organizations, and provides managers better information about the origins of allocated costs. Also, lattice allocations are likely to produce more accurate results than traditional techniques and are well-suited as a pedagogical tool for cost accounting courses. The paper suggests future research topics, including the implications of lattice allocations for Fast Close, Continuous Reporting, and government contractor cost accounting requirements.

Applying Reciprocal Teaching Method in Teaching Reading

<p><em>Reading is one of English language skills considered</em><em> more</em><em> important </em><em>in this modern world, </em><em>so reading get</em><em>s</em><em> more emphasize than other skills. Although </em><em>receiving more attention than other language skills in English classroom, the result of students</em><em>’</em><em> reading comprehension achievement is still far from</em><em> </em><em>expectation. To help students comprehend English reading texts and have better achievement in reading skill, </em><em>Reciprocal Teaching</em><em> </em><em>method</em><em> can be an alternative to offer. </em><em>The </em><em>Reciprocal Teaching</em><em> </em><em>method </em><em>as an instructional activity that takes place in the form of dialogue, which is structured by the use of four </em><em>steps</em><em>: predicting, clarifying, question generating, and summarizing. Students learn to use four strategies to increase their understanding of the text being read</em><em>. This method is useful for improving students’ reading effectiveness</em><em>, </em><em>in addition to help students better remember what they read. </em><em>This paper highlights the </em><em>Reciprocal Teaching</em><em> </em><em>method</em><em> and its use as an alternative to improve students’ reading comprehension achievement. </em><em></em></p>

Reciprocal Geometric Conflict Resolution on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Heading Control

This paper presents a novel geometry-based distributed cooperative conflict resolution method for unmanned aerial vehicles to autonomously handle distributed multiple encounters in an integrated airspace. First, the safe separation constraint of pairwise conflicts is studied, with consideration given to the periodic features of the tangent function. Second, the nonlinear safe separation constraint is transformed into a linear constraint through mapping the constraint relationship from the degree space into the sin value space. A consensus-guaranteed rule is designed to decouple the conflict resolution responsibilities of pairwise conflict-related unmanned aerial vehicles from the obtained linear constraint. Each unmanned aerial vehicle can compute its feasible maneuver range individually. Third, a short-term conflict resolution object function is designed, and a reciprocal geometric conflict resolution algorithm is proposed. The proposed method is tested in several simulations and compared with existing algorithms. The results show that the reciprocal geometric conflict resolution method is capable of resolving various conflicts, is robust to time delay, and outperforms existing algorithms in reducing conflict avoidance cost.

2. 相互転座分析法による稲の連鎖分析、1(I 年次講演会要旨)

2. 相互転座分析法による稲の連鎖分析、1(I 年次講演会要旨)

Exponential $$H_{\infty }$$ H ∞ Synchronization of Lur’e Complex Dynamical Networks Using Pinning Sampled-Data Control

This study is concerned with the exponential \(H_{\infty }\) synchronization criteria for complex dynamical networks of Lur’e- type systems with non-delay and delay couplings as well as external disturbances. The pinning sampled-data control is designed to achieve synchronization, in which only the selection of nodes is controlled, instead of the whole network. By constructing an improved Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and utilizing the reciprocal convex method, the sufficient conditions are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities to ensure synchronization of the proposed network with a guaranteed \(H_{\infty }\) performance. Different from most existing studies, the addressed synchronization criteria depend not only on the upper bounds of the sampling intervals but also on the lower bounds; therefore, potentially leading to reduced conservative criteria. The desired control gain matrices are calculated by solving the obtained linear matrix inequalities that guarantee the exponential stability of the error system under the \(H_{\infty }\) norm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations.

PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MELALUI PENDEKATAN RECIPROCAL TEACHING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA

This experimental research focuses on improving Junior High School students’ mathematical communication ability through the implementation of teaching math using reciprocal teaching method. The low level of students’ mathematical communication ability has been one of the underpinning reasons why this research was carried out in the first place. The aim of this research is to investigate students who are taught using reciprocal teaching methods show better improvement on their mathematical communication ability compared to those who are taught using conventional methods. In addition to that, this research is also interested in understanding students’ attitudes towards learning math using reciprocal teaching method. The research population is all students of SMP Negeri 4 Cimahi, grade VII. The treated group is from class VII B while the controlled group is from class VII H. Both of the groups were chosen randomly. Based on this analysis, it could be concluded that 1) students’ who were taught using reciprocal teaching method showed higher improvement on their mathematical communication ability compared to students who were taught using conventional methods, and 2) almost all students demonstrated positive attitudes towards learning math when they were taught using reciprocal teaching method.

Microbiome Selection Could Spur Next-Generation Plant Breeding Strategies.

“No plant is an island too…”Plants, though sessile, have developed a unique strategy to counter biotic and abiotic stresses by symbiotically co-evolving with microorganisms and tapping into their genome for this purpose. Soil is the bank of microbial diversity from which a plant selectively sources its microbiome to suit its needs. Besides soil, seeds, which carry the genetic blueprint of plants during trans-generational propagation, are home to diverse microbiota that acts as the principal source of microbial inoculum in crop cultivation. Overall, a plant is ensconced both on the outside and inside with a diverse assemblage of microbiota. Together, the plant genome and the genes of the microbiota that the plant harbors in different plant tissues, i.e., the ‘plant microbiome,’ form the holobiome which is now considered as unit of selection: ‘the holobiont.’ The ‘plant microbiome’ not only helps plants to remain fit but also offers critical genetic variability, hitherto, not employed in the breeding strategy by plant breeders, who traditionally have exploited the genetic variability of the host for developing high yielding or disease tolerant or drought resistant varieties. This fresh knowledge of the microbiome, particularly of the rhizosphere, offering genetic variability to plants, opens up new horizons for breeding that could usher in cultivation of next-generation crops depending less on inorganic inputs, resistant to insect pest and diseases and resilient to climatic perturbations. We surmise, from ever increasing evidences, that plants and their microbial symbionts need to be co-propagated as life-long partners in future strategies for plant breeding. In this perspective, we propose bottom–up approach to co-propagate the co-evolved, the plant along with the target microbiome, through – (i) reciprocal soil transplantation method, or (ii) artificial ecosystem selection method of synthetic microbiome inocula, or (iii) by exploration of microRNA transfer method – for realizing this next-generation plant breeding approach. Our aim, thus, is to bring closer the information accrued through the advanced nucleotide sequencing and bioinformatics in conjunction with conventional culture-dependent isolation method for practical application in plant breeding and overall agriculture.

Aplikasi Metoda Reciprocal Teaching Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Fisika Di Kelas X MIPA.5 SMAN 1 Pasaman

This class action research aims to determine whether through Reciprocal Teaching Applications can be scaling up of activities and achievement of students in the class Physical MIPA.5 X SMAN 1 Pasaman. Implementation of this study were classified in a classroom action research that uses methods siklus.Tindakan conducted in two cycles where each cycle has four phases namely planning, implementation, observation, and refleksi.Satu done twice learning cycle. Action learning are conducted on half of July to December 2016. Learning in the first cycle of use the basic competencies of the symptoms of magnetism and how to make a magnet, whereas in the second cycle using the material on the use of magnetism in technology products. The findings of the study include: Physics student learning activities using Reciprocal Teaching Method experienced an average increase in student activity summarize the material in cycle 1 that is equal to 51.65% and the second cycle the average is 81%, which means an increase of 29, 35%. Average student activity asking questions on the first cycle of 37.9%, in the second cycle average to 63.75% means an increase of 25.85%. The average activity of students in determining aspects of advanced materials in the first cycle is equal to 24.05% and the second cycle the average is 55.15%, meaning an increase sebesar31,1%. The average results of student learning in the subjects of Physics has increased where at the end of the first cycle of 74.2 and at the end of the second cycle be 84.5. An increase sebesar4,3 point. Students who complete at the end of the first cycle as many as 19 people, and at the end of the second cycle of 30 people, an increase of 9 people.

Decentralized event-triggered synchronization of uncertain Markovian jumping neutral-type neural networks with mixed delays

In this study, we present an approach for the decentralized event-triggered synchronization of Markovian jumping neutral-type neural networks with mixed delays. We present a method for designing decentralized event-triggered synchronization, which only utilizes locally available information, in order to determine the time instants for transmission from sensors to a central controller. By applying a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, as well as using the reciprocal convex combination method and some inequality techniques such as Jensen’s inequality, we obtain several sufficient conditions in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) under which the delayed neural networks are stochastically stable in terms of the error systems. Finally, we conclude that the drive systems synchronize stochastically with the response systems. We show that the proposed stability criteria can be verified easily using the numerically efficient Matlab LMI toolbox. The effectiveness and feasibility of the results obtained are verified by numerical examples.

THE APPLICATION OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE UNDERSTANDING OF MATHEMATICS CONCEPT OF 7TH GRADE STUDENTS SMP NEGERI 2 DEPOK.

This research aims to: (1) describe the implementation of learning mathematics with Reciprocal Teaching methods that is for improving the concept of learning understanding mathematic in class VIIA SMP Negeri 2 Depok. (2) Knowing the increased understanding of student learning in class VIIA SMP Negeri 2 Depok use Reciprocal Teaching methods. This research constitutes an action in class that is according along the teacher. The data of research was collated by sheet observations and each evaluation of cycles. That is done in two cycles. The first was retrieved the average value of student learning achievement of 70.96%. The second was retrieved achievement of 90.32%. Thus this learning model can increase student learning understanding. Key word: The understanding of Mathematical Concept, Reciprocal Teaching Method.

Impulse-based reciprocal measurement of the transfer functions of underwater structure

An impulse-based reciprocal method is proposed for measuring the transfer functions of underwater structure. This method uses an impulse sound source, and the volume velocity of source is derived from the detected sound pressure. The influences of the reverberant sound field on the detected sound pressure are eliminated by an operation with time gates. Numerical simulation verifies that this impulses-based reciprocal measurement can obtain results with accuracy similar to the traditional reciprocal measurement method using electromagnetic source. Because much less time is required in the impulse-based measurement, the time efficiency is boosted. This method is also validated in a lake experiment, and the experimental result shows that the influences of the reverberant field on the derived volume velocity are eliminated.

Improving The Organic Chemistry Teaching Learning Process And The Students' English Reading Comprehension

This study was aimed at the improvement of the Organic Chemistry II teaching learning process and the students' English reading comprehension. The design was a two cycled classroom action research whose activities are: in Cycle I the Learning Cycle was implemented using topics taken from an Indonesian Organic Chemistry textbook (Parlan, 2003), and also the Reciprocal Teaching Method using topics taken from an English[ Organic Chemistry textbook (Wade Jr, 1987). In Cycle II both models were implemented with a slight modification. The results: (1) Learning Cycle was uneffective which might be the effect of the class size (52 students), (2) the students' English reading comprehension was improved which is in accordance with the questionnaires responses.

Leakage-delay-dependent stability analysis of Markovian jumping linear systems with time-varying delays and nonlinear perturbations

This study is concerned with the problem of leakage-delay-dependent stability analysis of Markovian jumping linear systems with time-varying delays and nonlinear perturbations. Mixed time-varying delays, which include leakage, discrete, and distributed delays, pertaining to the proposed system are addressed. Based on an improved Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional with triple integral terms and by employing the model transformation technique and the reciprocal convex method, the sufficient conditions for the delay-dependent stability of the considered system are derived. Moreover, the sufficient conditions obtained are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities to achieve the global asymptotical stability in mean square of the considered delayed system. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the less conservatism and effectiveness of the proposed results.

A reciprocal identity method for large silencer analysis

Conventional techniques used in the boundary element method for evaluating muffler transmission loss have been limited by the cutoff frequency of the inlet and outlet ducts. Even though the boundary element method itself is a truly three-dimensional analysis tool, it has not been effectively used on large silencers due to the large inlet and outlet cross sections. In this paper, a numerical technique based on the reciprocal identity and the boundary element impedance matrix is proposed as a post-processing filter to extract the transmission loss of large silencers at all frequencies. Each reciprocal identity couples two different sound fields on the same silencer geometry. The first sound field has the analytical modal expansion in the inlet and outlet ducts, while the second sound field is the boundary element solution associated with a random boundary condition set. Depending on how many modes exist in the inlet and outlet ducts at a certain frequency, a minimum number of random boundary condition sets must be applied to the boundary element model. The boundary element impedance matrix provides more than enough such solution sets for the reciprocal identity coupling. The overdetermined system is then solved by a least-squares procedure. The proposed method is verified by comparing to the analytical solutions of a simple expansion chamber and a round bar silencer.

Integrated reflection and refraction processing of an ultra-shallow seismic survey

SUMMARY Velseis Pty Ltd acquired and processed an ultra-shallow seismic reflection survey designed to image targets with a depth of less than 50m, including the structure of the weathering layer. Several experimental sources were implemented, each with unique frequency and amplitude characteristics. Reflection processing was not routine since the target of interest was the weathering zone itself. Due to this, a combination of reflection and refraction processing was used in order to develop an integrated image and interpretation of the near-surface. The results from the different processing techniques, including refraction (reciprocal method and tomography), reflection, and a depth converted stack, provide an internally consistent interpretation of the base of weathering and layering within the weathering.

Improving reading comprehension through Reciprocal Teaching Method

This study is aimed at discovering the benefits of the Reciprocal Teaching Method (RTM) in the reading classroom, finding out the achievements of students after four comprehension training sessions of using RTM, and exploring the perceptions of students on the use of RTM. This method uses four comprehension strategies: predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing, to help learners monitor their development of reading comprehension by themselves. Students work in groups of four or five and the members are divided into five roles which are the leader, predictor, clarifier, questioner, and summarizer. The subjects were 24 students from the twelfth grade at a high school in Banda Aceh. Observations, tests, documents and interviews were collected to get the data. The results showed that the students were more active and productive in the reading classroom after RTM sessions and their reading proficiency improved. They learnt how to apply several of the strategies from RTM while reading. The results also showed that they preferred this method for teaching-learning reading compared to the conventional one. Therefore, teachers are suggested to consider using this method for teaching reading that instils the students on how to apply the four comprehension strategies used in reading.

Factors affecting the imaging of the impact location with inverse filtering and diffuse wave fields

Reciprocal time reversal (inverse filtering) of acousto-ultrasonic fields is a very efficient technique to focus elastic waves through reverberant isotropic and anisotropic media. Such a methodology relies on the correlation of the experimental Green’s function that is acquired by a set of receiver sensors from a limited number of impact sources. However, although heterogeneities and discontinuities within the structural response can be compensated by the inverse filtering process, environmental effects such as temperature variations as well as incoherent noise measurements and the finite number of excitation sources may degrade the quality of time reversal focusing. The scope of this article was to study the factors affecting the impact location imaging using the reciprocal time reversal method in the presence of complex diffuse wave fields. Particularly, a signal-stretch strategy was developed to compensate the temperature changes before remitting the back-propagated wave field at the focus point. Then, in order to investigate the imaging performance and the sensitivity of the proposed methodology, different sets of libraries with reduced input signals were created and tested. Finally, different configurations of the receiver piezoelectric sensors were used to perform the reciprocal time reversal method. To validate this research work, two geometrically complex composite structures, that is, a composite tail rotor blade and a stiffened composite panel, were used. Results showed that both the temperature compensation and the signal processing with the reduced time traced signals and receiver sensors allowed obtaining an accurate identification of the impact events.