Reciprocal Benefits Research Articles

Integrating Aerobic and Musculoskeletal Training can Prevent the Vicious Cycle of Physical Inactivity and Functional Decline: Knowledge Translation of Clinical Exercise Rehabilitation for Stroke Survivors

To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and related comorbidities in chronic stroke survivors, clinical exercise rehabilitation has focused on improving their mobility, functional independence and overall physical activity experience. Evidence suggests that the integration of an aerobic and musculoskeletal training paradigm can provide reciprocal health benefits that can counter the vicious cycle of physical inactivity and functional decline in individuals who have had a mild-to-moderate stroke. The purpose of this review is to supplement an evidence-based knowledge translation video designed to educate the general public on the health-related benefits of physical activity post-stroke.

Attitudes to sexual health in the United States: results from a national survey of youth aged 15-25 years.

In total, 4017 youth aged between 15 and 25 years via an online survey panel, weighted to be representative of the US population, were surveyed. Respondents reported their attitudes towards seven dimensions of sexual health that we abstracted from existing global definitions (emotional fulfillment, social connectedness, spirituality, overall pleasure, physical intimacy, mental fulfillment, reciprocal benefits). Respondents also reported on sexual health-related discussions with partners, sexual behaviours, and their use of sexual health care. Outcomes through weighted frequency estimates and ordinal regression models were reported. Youth generally construed all seven dimensions as important to sexual health, with the emotional dimension rated most favourably. Attitudes to the dimensions of overall pleasure, physical intimacy and spirituality were most consistently related to sexual health discussions and behaviours. The behaviours most consistently related to sexual health attitudes were going for a sexual health check-up, discussing birth control/pregnancy and discussing risk before sex without a condom. Youth construal of sexual health fits well with global sexual health definitions. Attitudes to dimensions of sexual health were related to some sexual health-related behaviours, especially healthcare use and complex discussions.

Peer Support Needs Among Adults With Burns.

Research and anecdotal evidence has shown that burn survivors benefit from peer support participation, but also that relatively few attend such groups. This study investigated Dutch adult burn survivors' views on the reasons that promote or prevent participation in peer support activities. In this study, a distinction was made between those with and without an overt need for peer support and between those who do and those who do not already experience peer contact. Questionnaires were sent online and/or per post to adult Dutch burn survivors. Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses, t-tests and χ tests. The results indicate that the main perceived benefits of participation are related to receiving and giving support rather than to personal developmental reasons. The main perceived barriers to participation are related to positive emotional states. Overall, the perceived benefits and barriers do not differ substantially between those who do and those who do not report a need for peer support or those who have and have not participated in peer support. The results of the present research may be indicative of an existing misconception among burn survivors that peer support is meant for people in great need and distress. Promoting the possibly unknown personal developmental function of peer contact, but also the importance of its reciprocal benefits might help in having more patients profit from peer support.

Urban Food Policies: Decentralized Cooperation and African Cities

The article introduces Urban Food Policies (UFP) in the field of decentralized cooperation as a relatively new field of work, exchange and action-oriented research within and between cities, and local authorities in the global North and South. Indeed, a plethora of cities have been implementing actions with different implementation mechanisms indicating that UFP can generate positive stimuli, new perspectives, and reciprocal benefits. The article examines a number of ongoing international projects to then focus on the relevant programs developed in Italy and on the African continent, looking into aspects of governance, outlining essential features of decentralized cooperation and of these ongoing development projects, and concluding with potential prospects in this area.

The UAE-Tunisia diplomatic relations: a subtle balance between economy and security?

This article examines the relations between the United Arab Emirates and Tunisia and how the Arab identity interferes in diplomatic relations. These countries have a history of cordial relations that quietly evolved toward reciprocal economic benefits and security under the implicit paradigm of what may be called a 'patronage'. Under the administration of the Tunisian president Ben Ali, the interests of the two parties, states as well as non-state actors such as the emirate of Dubai, converged. The UAE and Tunisia nurtured a hierarchical relationship that reinforced economic and political ties but that also inevitably endured several setbacks on the path to revolution and the rise of the Islamist movements in Tunisia. Ultimately, both the financial crisis of 2008 and the global security crises with the rise of Daesh tested the principle of brotherhood entrenched in the Middle East.

Overcoming ageism through a new intergenerational learning paradigm: challenges and findings

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a programme developed and tested in Portugal under this new paradigm where young adults (18-30) and old adults (over 65) learn research skills together. Design/methodology/approach The structure of the learning experience consists in a six-month training course for lay people in research skills in three specific areas of family, mental health and intergenerational relationships. In order to apply the acquired research and intervention knowledge, participants work in intergenerational groups on a small research project. Findings Results from the first two editions of the programme indicate benefits of mutual reciprocity in the contribution to tackle ageism and trust between generations. Research limitations/implications The potential practice implications for this type of intergenerational programme are significant, considering the increasing aging population in Portugal and the high ageism present. However, the authors may ask if the encountered results are the same with another type of learning subject. Therefore, the authors recommend a replication of this study/programme in other fields. Practical implications An integrated active ageing goes from a senior cultural entertainment to a public policy intervention sustained over time, reducing costs in terms of health, education and social services. Social implications Ageism, that is to say discrimination against people because of their age, is an enormous social problem. The new intergenerational learning paradigm can help to address this by emphasizing the importance of the intergroup contact between generations where each group can learn from and teach the other. Originality/value The authors can say that these first two editions of the Intergenerational University was a first outlook of how the authors can innovate learning processes at universities and bring research to the public. It is a methodology of social responsibility universities may adopt.

A collaborative higher education initiative for leadership development: Lessons for knowledge sharing

The higher education sector needs to prepare youth for the fast changing innovative focused economy. Visionary leadership is needed to facilitate this knowledge transfer for novelty creation. A collaborative initiative could facilitate leadership development and foster knowledge sharing in this context. The initiative with three stakeholder groups started with an Interactive Qualitative Analysis exercise to identify needs and formulate a collaboration charter to ensure reciprocal benefits. A programme evaluation research design was applied three years after implementation using a logic-model framework. Process evaluation entailed collecting data from 103 questionnaires and 11 semi-structured interviews. Based on interpretation of data according to an integrated framework for managing knowledge across boundaries, we identified three areas for further development: contextual knowledge, collaborative partnerships and common vision. Working collaboratively across institutional and knowledge boundaries towards a common vision could enhance leadership development and contribute to longer-term transformation and sustainable change in complex environments.

The impact of perceived enjoyment, perceived reciprocal benefits and knowledge power on students' knowledge sharing through Facebook

This study examined the relationship between perceived enjoyment, perceived reciprocal benefits, perceived status, outcome expectation, and the power of knowledge, and how each of these factors affect knowledge sharing between students via Facebook. The effects of using Facebook on students' knowledge sharing was measured among 170 undergraduate university students and tested using structural equation modeling. The results showed that outcome expectation is the main factor effecting students sharing knowledge, followed by perceived reciprocal benefit, and perceived enjoyment. Students shared knowledge and helped others due to the expected outcome i.e. respect received from other members and lecturers, good comments from friends, the opportunity to enrich their knowledge, and recognition. The power of knowledge and perceived status are not strong motivators for students to share knowledge in a Facebook group. The factors affecting students' knowledge sharing can differ between different people and context, therefore, future research could examine the differences in social media participation based on gender, age, or subject matter. The findings of this study helped us understand why students choose to engage in social media, specifically Facebook, to share knowledge within a specific learning context, which will be useful for educators.

Time‐use and well‐being impacts of travel‐to‐work and travel‐for‐work

This article contributes to our understanding of the complex patterns of travel‐to‐work and travel‐for‐work which increasingly characterise highly skilled employment, using 2015 data from a UK Midlands study comprising an online survey and follow‐up interviews. Travel‐to‐work essentially lengthens the working day, and is difficult to use productively, especially when commuting by car. Travel‐for‐work, by contrast, results in intense schedules especially when requiring overnight stays. Ownership of travel‐for‐work is ambiguous: it is employer driven, and travel time is often spent productively using mobile technologies, but is rarely rewarded with TOIL. While general dissatisfaction is reported with the commute, negative effects of travel‐for‐work (family, health, reduced leisure time) are mediated by positive impacts including experience of new working cultures, and infrequency of travel. Four factors appear central to the differing well‐being impacts: (1) frequency of travel; (2) ability to plan travel; (3) productive use of travel time, and; (4) reciprocal benefits of travel.

CBT for Child PTSD is Associated with Reductions in Maternal Depression: Evidence for Bidirectional Effects

Cognitive behavioral therapy techniques are empirically supported for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in youth, but the role of parents in such treatments is less clear. Theoretically there may be a reciprocal relationship such that as children improve, their parents may feel better, and conversely as parents feel better, psychologically the child may improve or improve at a greater rate. This study tested if there were indirect effects of change in child PTSD symptoms on change in parent depression symptoms, and vice versa, across treatment sessions. The data came from a randomized trial of treatment for PTSD and included youth (N = 47) 7–18 years old (51.1% female; ethnicity was reported as 40.4% White and 40.4% Black, with the remainder reporting Mixed [17%] or other ethnicity [2.1%]) who had been exposed to trauma and experienced significant PTSD symptoms. Maternal depression and child PTSD symptoms were assessed at each session. Maternal perceptions of who changed first were also assessed at posttreatment. Maternal depression significantly decreased over the course of treatment, and maternal depression had an indirect effect on child PTSD symptom change. Evidence for the reciprocal relationship, child symptom change having an indirect effect on parent symptom change, was also found. Age, gender, and treatment condition did not moderate these indirect effects. Findings highlight the potential benefits of child therapy on parents and the reciprocal benefits of improved parent symptoms on the child.

Underpinnings of User Participation in Service Provider–Hosted Online Communities

The recent emergence of social media-based brand communities is seen as an effective channel for practicing user-centric service innovation. However, user participation is the major hurdle in their sustainability. Despite the growing popularity of these brand communities, there has been only limited research examining the factors affecting user intention to continue using these communities. Teenagers represent an important demographic group, not only as the dominant users, but also in their value and potential in contributing toward successful business. To date, no previous research has investigated the participation behaviour of teenagers in these communities. To address this research gap, the present study examines the factors affecting teenagers’ intention to continue participating in Facebook-based brand communities. The roles of social and individual factors in the formulation of their attitudes to participation are examined. The relationship between users’ attitudes, activity levels, and continuation intentions are explored. The study findings suggest that self-efficacy, hedonic motivation, reciprocal benefit, and social influence have a positive impact on user attitude. Among these, self-efficacy has the strongest influence. Furthermore, attitude, continuation intention, and activity levels are significantly related. The findings have implications for organisations intending to use social media-based brand communities to practice user-centric service innovation.

Reciprocal beneficial effects between wine polyphenols and probiotics: an exploratory study

Reciprocal benefits between wine polyphenols and probiotics in relation to (a) the metabolism of wine polyphenols by probiotics, (b) the influence of wine polyphenols in bacteria viability and (c) the impact of wine polyphenols on the capacity of probiotics to inhibit the adhesion of pathogens to intestinal cells are investigated. Out of eight probiotic preparations and three isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) tested, two preparations and an isolated strain were able to release different phenolic metabolites after their incubation with a wine phenolic extract. For these three active probiotics, loss of bacteria viability was attenuated in the presence of the wine extract. Combinations of LAB strains and phenolic compounds were found to enhance inhibition of the adherence of E. coli CIAL-153 to Caco-2 cells. These first findings support the hypothesis that wine polyphenols and probiotics might reciprocally enhance their benefits at intestinal level, which could be used in future nutritional strategies.

Factors influencing knowledge sharing among global virtual teams

PurposeThis paper aims to examine interrelations of the team environment factors of trust and affiliation and the motivation factors of perceived reciprocal benefits and importance of enjoyment to determine how they influence knowledge sharing within loose-linked global virtual teams.Design/methodology/approachThe study involved 115 business students from three large universities located in the USA, China and Peru being assigned to global virtual teams of between three and four members in one phase and between four and seven members in a second phase. Students were required to work in virtual teams using telecommunication tools to complete assigned cases.FindingsTrust, reciprocal benefits and enjoyment are significantly related to positive attitude toward knowledge sharing. Positive attitude, enjoyment, age, nationality and computer experience are positively related to knowledge sharing behavior. Affiliation is not found to significantly affect positive knowledge sharing attitude. Gender is not related to knowledge sharing behavior.Practical implicationsUnderstanding how trust, affiliation and motivation influence positive attitude and knowledge sharing behavior can assist managers in developing intervention strategies that improve team environments to support knowledge sharing behavior.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the advancement of theory by extending the current knowledge sharing research to virtual team environments with diverse cultural backgrounds and by considering both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation factors, including the importance of enjoyment in loose-linked environments of global virtual teams.

E-Mentoring for Doctor of Nursing Practice Students: A Pilot Program.

The growing number of online Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs, steady attrition rates, and shortage of faculty created an opportunity to explore the use of distance-mediated mentoring. Twenty first-year DNP Nursing Leadership students were matched with DNP-prepared mentors in a formalized e-mentoring program. The Ideal Mentor Scale was used to determine what students desired most from the mentoring relationship in addition to midpoint and end-of-program surveys. Quantitative analysis revealed mentors and mentees found the relationship to be beneficial (p < .05). Mentees (89%) and mentors (92%) noted the program supplied adequate resources, and the majority of students would recommend the program. Having a mentor leads to both mentor- and mentee-perceived benefits. Recommendations include continuing to seek ways to improve the communication and commitment between the mentor and mentee in order to receive reciprocal program benefits. [J Nurs Educ. 2016;55(8):458-462.].

Efficient multiple bichromatic mutual nearest neighbor query processing

In this paper we propose, motivate and solve multiple bichromatic mutual nearest neighbor queries in the plane considering multiplicative weighted Euclidean distances. Given two sets of facilities of different types, a multiple bichromatic mutual (k,k′)-nearest neighbor query finds pairs of points, one of each set, such that the point of the first set is a k-nearest neighbor of the point of the second set and, at the same time, the point of the second set is a k′-nearest neighbor of the point of the first set. These queries find applications in collaborative marketing and prospective data analysis, where facilities of one type cooperate with facilities of the other type to obtain reciprocal benefits. We present a sequential and a parallel algorithm, to be run on the CPU and on a Graphics Processing Unit, respectively, for solving multiple bichromatic mutual nearest neighbor queries. We also present the time and space complexity analysis of both algorithms, together with their theoretical comparison. Finally, we provide and discuss experimental results obtained with the implementation of the proposed sequential and a parallel algorithm.

Negotiate, reciprocate, or cooperate? The impact of exchange modes on inter-employee knowledge sharing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of exchange modes – negotiated, reciprocal, generalized, and productive – on inter-employee knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach Based on the affect theory of social exchange, a theoretical model was developed and empirically tested using a survey of 691 employees from 15 North American credit unions. Findings The negotiated mode of knowledge exchange, i.e. when a knowledge contributor explicitly establishes reciprocation conditions with a recipient, develops negative knowledge sharing attitude. The reciprocal mode, i.e. when a knowledge donor assumes that a receiver will reciprocate, has no effect on knowledge sharing attitude. The generalized exchange form, i.e. when a knowledge contributor believes that other organizational members may reciprocate, is weakly related to knowledge sharing attitude. The productive exchange mode, i.e. when a knowledge provider assumes he or she is a responsible citizen within a cooperative enterprise, strongly facilitates the development of knowledge sharing attitude, which, in turn, leads to knowledge sharing intentions. Practical implications To facilitate inter-employee knowledge sharing, managers should focus on the development of positive knowledge sharing culture when all employees believe they contribute to a common good instead of expecting reciprocal benefits. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to apply the affect theory of social exchange to study knowledge sharing.

Mutualism exploitation: predatory drosophilid larvae sugar-trap ants and jeopardize facultative ant-plant mutualism.

An open question in the evolutionary ecology of ant-plant facultative mutualism is how other members of the associated community can affect the interaction to a point where reciprocal benefits are disrupted. While visiting Qualea grandiflora shrubs to collect sugary rewards at extrafloral nectaries, tropical savanna ants deter herbivores and reduce leaf damage. Here we show that larvae of the fly Rhinoleucophenga myrmecophaga, which develop on extrafloral nectaries, lure potentially mutualistic, nectar-feeding ants and prey on them. Foraging ants spend less time on fly-infested foliage. Field experiments showed that predation (or the threat of predation) on ants by fly larvae produces cascading effects through three trophic levels, resulting in fewer protective ants on leaves, increased numbers of chewing herbivores, and greater leaf damage. These results reveal an undocumented mode of mutualism exploitation by an opportunistic predator at a plant-provided food source, jeopardizing ant-derived protection services to the plant. Our study documents a rather unusual case of predation of adult ants by a dipteran species and demonstrates a top-down trophic cascade within a generalized ant-plant mutualism.

Reciprocal Service-Learning Benefits Students, Educators, and the University.

Service-learning offers an opportunity to educate nursing students and foster important personal and professional characteristics. A different kind of service-learning project was developed and implemented in a nursing school. Community/public health nursing students and nurse educators taught cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and epilepsy training to faculty and staff members of another university department in a Good Samaritan Training project. The multiple benefits of the project to nursing students, educators, and the project recipients are discussed.

Cooperation through Competition-Dynamics and Microeconomics of a Minimal Nutrient Trade System in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis.

In arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, fungi and plants exchange nutrients (sugars and phosphate, for instance) for reciprocal benefit. Until now it is not clear how this nutrient exchange system works. Here, we used computational cell biology to simulate the dynamics of a network of proton pumps and proton-coupled transporters that are upregulated during AM formation. We show that this minimal network is sufficient to describe accurately and realistically the nutrient trade system. By applying basic principles of microeconomics, we link the biophysics of transmembrane nutrient transport with the ecology of organismic interactions and straightforwardly explain macroscopic scenarios of the relations between plant and AM fungus. This computational cell biology study allows drawing far reaching hypotheses about the mechanism and the regulation of nutrient exchange and proposes that the “cooperation” between plant and fungus can be in fact the result of a competition between both for the same resources in the tiny periarbuscular space. The minimal model presented here may serve as benchmark to evaluate in future the performance of more complex models of AM nutrient exchange. As a first step toward this goal, we included SWEET sugar transporters in the model and show that their co-occurrence with proton-coupled sugar transporters results in a futile carbon cycle at the plant plasma membrane proposing that two different pathways for the same substrate should not be active at the same time.

Does Heart or Head Rule Donor Behaviors in Charitable Crowdfunding Markets?

ABSTRACTCrowdfunding has matured into a meaningful online marketplace, both for traditional e-commerce activities and for charitable fundraising. For charities, crowdfunding presents novel donation behaviors, including those where donors may proactively seek out causes and give (often anonymously) to help others with whom they share little social connectivity. Understanding these behaviors is challenging compared to traditional fundraising behaviors, where charitable giving is partly explained by factors such as guilt avoidance, reciprocity, image, vicarious enjoyment, and group-level benefits. This suggests that some subset of charitable motivations is brought uniquely into focus in crowdfunding marketplaces. These marketplaces are often inhabited by fundseeking individuals and larger formal organizations. This adds further complexity, given that donors traditionally perceive and interact differently with charitable organizations and less formal fundraising entities. This study explores donation behavior in charitable crowdfunding based on the distinction between “pure altruism” and “warm glow” motivations. We offer a discriminatory model of donation behaviors toward individuals and organizations, which is then tested in a large-scale field study of Razoo.com. Findings suggest that donations to organizations are more influenced by outcome-related factors, such as fundraising targets and the likelihood of meeting that target, while donations to individuals are more influenced by interaction-related factors, such as the level of dialogue around a campaign.