Recipient Culture Research Articles

The Impact of Financial Literacy on Selected Nigerian Public Sector Employees Savings Culture and Investment

Financial literacy ensures that an individual is able to match his income with his expenditure, lives within his means and forestall going broke or bankrupt. Like general or health literacy, financial literacy could be conceptualized as having two dimensions: understanding (personal finance knowledge) and use (personal finance application). In this study, we reviewed how financial literacy is measured in the current literature and examine how well the existing studies addresses whether financial literacy improves employees savings culture and investment. We review the literature on alternative policies to improve financial outcomes and compare the evidence on whether financial literacy improves employees spending habits, savings, investments and standard of living. The sample size of this survey based study consists of 110 working men and women from non-financial public sector in Nigeria. Data was analyzed using simple percentage and frequency distribution. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in the analysis of the data. The major challenge in financial education has been how to measure the impact of financial education on the recipient savings culture. Investment and standard of living. On the other hand what is the influence of financial literacy on employees’ savings and investment outcome. It can be observed that in some instances those who did not have formal financial education and those who are primary or secondary school dropout have risen to own successful business empire. However, some who have tertiary financial education are struggling to survive. A large proportion of the sampled employees are deficient in financial literacy notwithstanding their exposure to financial education. Contrary to popular perception this research shows that there is no significant relationship between financial literacy and education level, savings culture and investments, of Nigerian public sector employees. Finally, we discuss directions ........

Understanding Diaspora: Home and Overlapping Hyphenation in The Shadow Lines

The idea of an imaginary homeland and the adopted country is at the heart of diasporic discourse. There is a continuous struggle on the part of the diasporas about the donor culture and the recipient culture which creates an ambivalence, separation anxiety over dislocation, as well as, an existential crisis. The apparent solution to this problem seems to lie either in shading off one’s individuality as an ex-colonized and eventually becoming westernized or retaining the “desh” in him/her while appropriating the diasporic state. However, the more they try to assimilate or acculturate themselves, the more they feel alienated from the recipient culture. Thus, they posit a “Trishanku” position and because of their peculiar positionality, they try to transcend time and space with the wings of memory to experience the lost past which they call ‘home’. This paper takes Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines into consideration and explores how different characters in this novel harbor different notions of home and how they come to terms with their hyphenated position in a transcultural space. This will be achieved through the trajectories of two of its main characters: Tha’mma and Ila. For them, the diaspora home becomes a problematic site, and there is a silent clash in their ideologies. This paper shows that it is more so because the sense of self/existence is shaped by the social relations determined by the collective history, class, race, gender and, most importantly, by culture. Thereby, the characters’ concept of a home remains a prolonged paradox. Spectrum, Volume 17, June 2022: 66-74

2732. Peri-Operative Antibiotic Management for Lung Transplant Recipients with Cystic Fibrosis

Abstract Background Lung transplant (LTx) recipients universally receive peri- and post-transplant antibiotics. Approaches to antibiotics for candidates with cystic fibrosis (CF) are institution specific. Little has been published about these practices. Routine LTx perioperative prophylaxis at our institution is 96 hours of vancomycin and cefepime with antibiotics then adjusted for positive intraoperative donor and recipient cultures. In recipients with CF, perioperative prophylaxis is determined pre-LTx to cover colonizing organisms isolated in culture from the 2 years before LTx, adjusted for intraoperative cultures, and administered for 14-21 days post-LTx. Our study aims to add to the current literature by describing our center’s experience with antibiotic management and outcomes in lung transplant recipients with CF to help guide best practices for prophylaxis strategies for this patient population. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with CF who underwent LTx from 3/1/2015-11/18/21 at our center and were colonized pre-LTx with MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Burkholderia cepacia complex. Peri- and post-operative antibiotic regimens, donor and recipient culture results, changes in antibiotic therapy post-LTx, and duration of antibiotic therapy were documented. Outcomes included rehospitalization, isolation in culture of the prophylaxis-targeted organisms post-LTx, and mortality, within 6 months of LTx. Results Nineteen incidents of LTx were included in this study. Pre-LTx colonizing organisms and antibiotics administered are outlined in table 1. Prophylaxis-targeted organisms were infrequently isolated in culture after LTx (table 2), with 7/19 (36.8%) developing post-transplant infection with prior colonizing organisms. Four (21.1%) recipients developed post-LTx Clostridioides difficile infection. One (5.3%) recipient died within 6 months post-LTx. Conclusion LTx recipients with CF who received targeted perioperative prophylaxis for pre-LTx colonizing organisms infrequently developed post-LTx culture positivity with the same bacteria including none during the antimicrobial prophylaxis period. Future prospective studies are needed to determine optimal antibiotic duration of peri-LTx antibiotics in this patient population. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Перевод фольклорных текстов как средство сохранения ненецкого языка: интегративный подход

The article presents the results of the research into folklore translation, which is carried out through a comparative study of the translation texts and the original folklore texts and through integrative modelling (hypothetical description) of the translation process. Nenets folklore texts recorded during expeditions to the Kanin tundra and their translations into Russian performed at the Ethnocultural Centre of the Nenets Autonomous Area were used as the material for the analysis. The peculiarities of folklore translation from the Nenets language into Russian are exemplified by the text in the genre of oral story. It is shown that they are connected both with the linguistic factors of folklore text content transmission (language-oriented, speech-oriented and communicative) and extralinguistic factors influencing the translation (specifics of donor culture and its relations with recipient culture, the history of Nenets people, the history of folklore translation development. The article reveals how the integrative approach can be applied to the study of Nenets folklore texts translation into Russian. It is based on the ideas of integrative translation studies being actively developed at the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov. Due to the integrated consideration of internal and external factors of translation, while taking into account historical and ethno-cultural prerequisites for the translation process, as well as the specifics of the translation product and the features of the translated text reception, folklore translation is positioned as a means to preserve the indigenous language.

Translocating Humour to Seventeenth-Century England: The Comic Afterlife of Spanish Drama

Abstract The term ‘Golden Age’ broadly describes a period (the mid-sixteenth to late-seventeenth centuries) of great literary flowering in Spain, above all in theatre, where honour, love and humour emerged as recurring motifs. Unsurprisingly, Caroline and even more so Restoration England took an interest in the genre and imported several Spanish comedias, which made a modest but essential qualitative contribution to the London stage during this age. This essay centres on the purposes and limitations of humour in Spanish Golden Age drama, and on the extent to which the linguistic and semiotic aspects linked to comic performance were successfully carried over into the seventeenth-century English versions. By examining a corpus of performance-oriented plays in translation, I seek to illustrate the way in which contemporary British translators rendered comicality, studying how it was maintained, modified or distorted in the process, and taking into account the particular landscape proper to drama-translation practice and its degree of acceptance in the recipient culture. The dramatic areas in which comic devices function – plot, character, thought, diction, music and spectacle – are given special attention. The results reveal how practitioners may have obliterated the so-called Spanish flavour of the original comedy in an attempt to seek deliberately audience-friendly solutions, so as to fall in line with the expectations of the target theatrical context.

Bronchial Culture Growth From the Donor and Recipient as Predictive Factors in the Detection of Primary Graft Dysfunction and Pneumonia After Lung Transplant.

In this study, our aim was to investigate whether bacterial culture growth from donors and recipients is related to early posttransplant complications and to analyze its role in primary graft dysfunction and posttransplant pneumonia in lung transplant recipients. This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with end-stage lung disease who received a lung transplant for treatment. We examined relationships between donor bronchial lavage, pretransplant recipient sputum, and recipient posttransplant serial bronchial lavage culture results, as well as the development of both primary graft dysfunction and pneumonia after lung transplant during the early posttransplant period. Our study included 77 patients with median age of 48 years (25%-75% IQR, 34-56 years) and who were mostly men (79.2%; n = 61). Donor culture positivity was 62.3% (n = 48), and the positivity of sputum culture from patients before transplant was 20.8% (n = 16). Compared with that shown in those without versus those with primary graft dysfunction, there were significantly more positive sputum cultures from patients before transplant (P = .003). Recipients with donor culture growth had a longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (median of 4 days [IQR, 2-13 days] vs 1 day [IQR, 1-2 days]; P = .001, respectively) than those without. Multivariate logistic analysis identified both donor culture positivity (odds ratio: 3.391; 95% CI, 1.12-20.46; P = .0028) and sputum culture positivity in pretransplant recipient candidates (odds ratio: 6.494; 95% CI, 1.80-36.27; P = .004) as independent predictors of primary graft dysfunction. Bacterial growth shown in donor bronchial lavage and sputum culture positivity in patients before transplant were found to be independent predictors of primary graft dysfunction in the early posttransplant period. Organism growth in both the donor and the recipient during the pretransplant period are important determinants for the development of primary graft dysfunction.

Первые переводы романа А.С. Пушкина «Евгений Онегин» на итальянский язык

The article analyses two early translations of Aleksandr Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin into Italian. The first Italian critics of Eugene Onegin in the 19th century (Cesare Boccella, Enrico Montazio, Carlo Tenca) were convinced that the novel was weak and did not deserve to be translated. However, two translations appeared in the 19th century. The first translation of 1856 belongs to Louis Delatre, a Frenchman who assimilated in Italy. Delatre visited Russia, where he met Pyotr Vyazemsky, whose stories about Pushkin inspired Delatre to translate five of Pushkin’s works, including Eugene Onegin. The second translation was published in 1858 under the pseudonym A. B., currently attributed to A. Besobrasoff - Anna Ivanovna Bezobrazova, a Russian noblewoman. Comparing the original and the translations, the author identifies and describes the aspects of the original subject to translation shifts (genre definition, structure, lexical and stylistic levels) and determines the specificity of the early Italian reception of the novel. Louis Delatre. The translation of poetry into prose, the rearrangement of fragments within the text, the reduction of “useless details” (including significant structural elements of the original), the addition of notes, the replacement of Russian realities with Italian equivalents reveal an orientation towards greater clarity and ease of perception. The change in the style of the original and the focus on the Italian literary tradition indicate the identification of a foreign work through the prism of Italian culture. The factors stated above are indicative of the adaptation and orientation towards an unprepared reader, who is not familiar with a foreign culture. Delatre acts within the framework of the historically conditioned norms of translation practice, whose task at this stage is to bring the original closer to the reader, to facilitate his acquaintance with a foreign text. Anna Besobrasoff. On the one hand, the focus on the “plot”, the search for Italian equivalents, the addition of notes and descriptions are also characteristic of a historically conditioned adaptive translation strategy. On the other hand, literal translation, style neutralization, elimination of a specific group of “useless details” are rather typical of the translator’s individual reception, probably a consequence of the student’s goal of translation, the translator’s desire to “practice the beautiful Italian language.” Both translations did not attract the attention of literary criticism and did not significantly influence the formation of the idea of Eugene Onegin in Italy at an early stage. The first Italian translations were more an accident rather than a regularity, since they stemmed from the translators’ personal interest in the novel, rather than a request from the recipient culture. This can be confirmed by the date of the next translation - it appeared only in 1906. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

Hyper-conventional, unconventional, or “just right”? The interplay of normalisation and cross-linguistic influence in the use of modal particles in translated Chinese children’s literature

The interplay between normalisation and cross-linguistic influence (CLI) has not been widely investigated in the specialised text type of children’s literature. Yet it may be proposed that normalisation would be particularly salient in translated children’s books as a consequence of the importance assigned to the needs of the target audience. This study embarks on an investigation of normalisation in Chinese children’s literature translated from English using modal particles as operationalisation. We first propose that a conceptual and empirical distinction needs to be drawn between normalisation and over-normalisation (or hyperconventionality), and that these are in tension with CLI. By combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, we then aim to shed light on whether translators tend to (over-)normalise children’s books to the norms of the genre in the recipient culture, or whether there is evidence of CLI effects that make the target texts more unconventional in this respect. Overall, the study finds evidence for normalisation, but not over-normalisation, with translated Chinese children’s books and non-translated Chinese children’s books largely similar in this respect. However, a small-scale qualitative analysis of two modal particles suggests that CLI and translators’ style play a role in some observable differences between translated and non-translated Chinese children’s books.

Explication as a means of language and cultural adaptation in the process of fiction text translation

The purpose of the research is to identify a range of possible ways of explication in the translation of a literary text, their study and systematization taking into account the general strategy of the translator. The task of the research is to consider and analyze the application of explication in Ukrainian translations of G Wells’s novel “The Invisible Man” performed by M. Ivanov and O. Didyk using the method of contextual, comparative and, in some cases, component analysis. The undertaken analysis of scientific theories testifies that the reasons that prompt the translator to apply explication can be external and internal. One of the factors at the junction of internal and external causes is the role of the translator as a mediator in the process of interlingual communication. Based on comparative analysis, we concluded that M. Ivanov’s translation decisions quite specifically and adequately reflect the versatility and complex intertwining that are characteristic of G. Wells’ reproduction of the picture of what is happening. However, it is not always possible to prioritize the decision of M. Ivanov, as very often the translator deviates from the original and applies a paraphrase. O. Didyk’s translation is dominated by a position with a focus on the recipient culture. The practical significance of the study is in the possibility of using the conclusions and recommendations in the practice of literary translation and editing of translated texts, as well as in assessing the quality of translation.

Remedy for Perfectionism of Modern Western Culture or the Latest Design Trend?

In an age of globalization phenomena, ideas or traditions considered typical for one culture may appear in another, or even in an entire cultural environment. Of course, as they adapt to the recipient culture, they will be different from what they were originally. In this essay, the author analyzes the phenomenon of the popularity of the Japanese philosophy known as wabi-sabi in Western culture, while, at the same time, contrasting the original Japanese understanding of this term with its western “translation.” The author also tries to answer the question of why wabi-sabi has been understood in this particular way — essentially as a design trend — and what are the causes and effects of such an understanding.

Venezuelan Women in Peru: at the Borders of Nationality, Gender, and Survival Migration

How is the migration experience of Venezuelan women in Peru different from their male counterparts? Where are Venezuelan women employed? How does their gender position them in the labor force and in Peruvian society? To what degree do social-racial hierarchies configure their integration and opportunities for socioeconomic mobility? Based on the early phases of qualitative research on Venezuelan women’s migration experience in Peru, we draw from 15 short surveys and in-depth interviews with women in Lima between 2018 and 2019, national data, and migration literature. We analyze the intersection of a triple jeopardy—nationality, gender, and condition as survival migrants—that is casting Venezuelan women in informal, precarious, feminized, and racialized work in Peru. Likewise, we observe women’s resistance to a recipient country culture that is deeply rooted in socioracial hierarchies. We argue that these migrant women are vulnerable to inferiorized socioeconomic positioning in this situation, and aim is to contribute to a conversation about how south-south migration and gender combine with the socioeconomic and cultural context to determine available options for survival migrant women.

Indo-Persian narrative literature: Cultural translation and rewriting of Indian stories in Persianate South Asia

Abstract The present article aims to study the translation and rewriting process of Indian narratives in Persian during the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) and the Mughal period (1526–1858), and to examine their cultural adaptations and strategies of adjustment to the Muslim recipient culture involving a reciprocal exchange of literary and cultural elements and religious interpretations. In the first stage, the features of Indo-Persian narrative tradition are briefly introduced with regards to structure and integral themes and in the second, the acculturation of Indian elements will be analysed according to Islamic principles and mystical thoughts in a selection of literary texts produced by Muslim Persian scholars. The article will focus on the representations of gender in stories and the perception of justice in the Perso-Islamic context to see, in particular, how narratives carried across Indian rituals and women’s codes of conduct to the Muslim readership; in other words, we try to shed light on how the alienated Indian became domesticated in the Persian-Muslim world of thought.

التناص البصری فی أدب الإعلام الجدید (أدب الأمثال المنشور فی الفیس بوک أنموذجًا)

الملخص : يسعى هذا البحث لدراسة التناص البصري في أدب الإعلام الجديد، وقد وقع الاختيار على أدب المنشور في الفيس بوک دافعا للدراسة؛ لأنه يشکل ظاهرة مهمة في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، تحتاج إلى الکشف عنها، وسبر أغوارها، ولأن أغلب الدراسات التي تصدت لأدب الإعلام الجديد رکزت الاهتمام على الشعر والقصة والرواية، أما باقي الأنواع الأدبية فلم تنل الاهتمام الکافي الذي يکشف عن خصائصها والمؤثرات التي طالتها. وقد کشف البحث عن استثمار الصورة البصرية في أدب الأمثال، باعتبارها من الوسائط الرقمية المهمة التي تساهم في إنتاج النص، وتعمل على سرعة انتشاره، وقوة تأثيره، وإن کان تأثر النص الأدبي بالتقنية الرقمية لا يزال بطيئا وبسيطا؛ إلا إن الصورة حاليا تمثل نصوصا تقرأ بحيث تعتمد على ثقافة المتلقي في قراءتها وتأويلها والکشف عن دلالتها وجوهرها، ولهذا فالنص الجديد المدمج أو النص الهجين يکون أکثر تأثيرا وأثرا في التلقي عن النص اللغوي التقليدي... ولهذا أيضا تعد الصورة من الأدوات والوسائط الرقمية المهمة التي يستثمرها الإعلام الجديد عموما، والأنواع الأدبية خصوصا. ويعتمد هذا البحث على نظرية التناص في دراسة أدب الأمثال، ومحاولة استکشاف النصوص الغائبة أو المضمرة في باطن النص الجديد، والإبانة عن جمالياته، وتأثيره في المتلقين، ومعرفة مدى استجابتهم. وقد احتوى البحث على مقدمة، وتمهيد، وأربعة مباحث، وخاتمة. وفي المقدمة جاء الحديث عن الفضاء الافتراضي وأهميته، ووقف التمهيد عند مفهوم مصطلح الإعلام الجديد، وسماته. والمحور الأول: الإعلام الجديد والتلقي، والمحور الثاني: مفهوم الصورة البصرية ونجاعتها، والمحور الثالث: مفهوم التناص / التناص البصري، والمحور الأخير: التناص البصري في أدب الأمثال: أ- تعريف الأمثال والفرق بينها وبين الحکم. ب- أدب المنشور في صفحات الفيس بوک. ج- نماذج تطبيقية للتناص البصري في أدب المنشور في الفيس بوک. وأخيرا: خاتمة البحث، وفيها ما توصلت إليه. Abstract This research aims to investigate the impact of visual intertextuality in new media literature, and the proverbial literature published on Facebook was chosen as an incentive for the study for its importance on social media, which needs to be thoroughly investigated. Most of the studies that address the new media literature focus only on poetry, story and novel, while the other literary genres receive little attention of their characteristics and influence, they have on social media. The research reveals the industry of adding visual image in proverbs literature, as it is one of the important digital media that contributes to the production of the text, as a powerful tool for spreading information, and due to its powerful influence on recipients., The impact of the digital technology on literary text is still is slow and minor. However, the image currently represents texts that are read in such a way that it depends on the recipient culture while reading, interpreting and appreciating its significance. Therefore, the new combined text or the hybrid text is more influential than the traditional linguistic text ... This is also why the image is one of the important digital tools that invested in new media in general, and literary genres in particular. This research relies on the theory of intertextuality in the study of proverbs literature, and an attempt to explore the implicit meaning without being directly stated in the new text, to show its aesthetics, its impact on the recipients, and ttheir reaction. The research contains an introduction, four sections, and a conclusion. The introduction represents the virtual space and its importance and opens to view the concept of the visual intertextuality and its characteristics. The study focuses on four main axis as follows; The first axis investigates the importance of the new media and the social interaction , the second axis represents the concept of the visual image and its efficacy.The third axis declares the concept of visual intertextuality, and the last axis covers the concept of visual intertextuality in the literature of proverbs: A- The definition of “proverbs” and the difference between them and “sayings”. B- Proverbs literature published on Facebook pages. C- Applied models of visual intertextuality in the proverbial literature published on Facebook. Finally, the conclusion consists of the study findings, recommendations and suggestions for further studies

اشكالية التنوع الثقافي في المجتمع العراقي بين تقليدية المجتمع وسراب الحداثة أ.م.د. طلال حامد خليل

The issue of cultural diversity is one of the problems that have a profound impact on the unity, stability and security of states. It has a special effect especially after taking an influential direction in the formation of contradictory identities within society and their impact on civil peace. Our research studies the problem of diversity in Iraqi society for many reasons. The most important of which perhaps lies on how the problem of cultural diversity can be transformed into a culture of diversity. The topic has been addressed through the intellectual heritage of cultural diversity. The perspectives of knowledge of all kinds have dealt with diversity as a problem or crisis plaguing societies regardless of the level of progress they are witnessing. This is reflected on the intellectual output studying it on the one hand, and on its expansion and multiplicity of fields, from the other hand. We tried to shed light on the knowledge of the Iraqi society, which is witnessing the duality of traditionalism and modernity together. Methods have been put in place that would nourish the Iraqi national culture and benefit from the diversity in its creation in a balanced way away from the nutritious culture and the recipient culture. Each cultural component contributes to creating the unity of orientation for a united, secure and stable Iraq.

О положительной комплиментарности в свете истории миссионерства в Чувашском крае

The article explores the reasons why the interaction between Russian and Chuvash culture became possible in the framework of Christian missionary work. Purpose of the study is to show that both cultures have positive complementarity. Methods. Comparative, analytical and descriptive methods were used by the authors. The study is based on the cultural and historical situation, i.e. adoption of Christianity in the Chuvash and Russian culture. Research results. In the process of research, the authors identified common features that bring the transition to the fold of Christianity in Ancient Russia and the Chuvash culture closer together, despite the thousand-year time distance. In their opinion, the deep assimilation of Christianity by the Chuvash culture is explained by the presence of a certain algorithm that regulated the penetration of the new religion into the pagan environment. The authors define Russian culture as donor culture and Chuvash culture as recipient culture. Christianity became the force thanks to which the Chuvash culture was revived. Before the adoption of Orthodoxy within the framework of its ethnoreligion, it was an immature education that needed to realize its creative potential. The Chuvash culture needed to realize the creative possibilities inherent in it, representing an entity striving to realize itself. Thanks to the Christian enlightenment, the Chuvash culture got this opportunity and successfully implemented it.

Mit fordítsunk?

The study focuses on the reception of Russian literature, more precisely contemporary Russian literature. The author of the article examines the question whether and how much a translated literary work can become an integral part of the recipient culture and what are those fundamental aspects based upon which a national culture, as a recipient, “chooses” certain works of a foreign literature to be translated. After outlining the history of Hungarian reception of translated Russian literature the paper introduces in detail the last 35 years of Hungarian reception of Russian literature, including the well-differentiated periods and the aspects of reception. The paper aims to answer the question fundamental in Russian-Hungarian translation as well: ‘What to translate?’

P1633STANDARDIZED REVIEW OF DONOR AFTER BRAIN DEATH KIDNEY OFFERS; A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

Abstract Background and Aims Transplanting renal centres have a duty to use the finite resource of the deceased-donor kidney pool to benefit potential recipients without exposing them to excessive risk. However, there is known variation in centre and clinician practice. This may relate to clinicians’ attitude to risk, knowledge of the recipient and unit culture. Centre differences in acceptability of donor organs is evidenced by variation in NHS blood and transplant registry data. Use of marginal donors has become more frequent, especially for older recipients with higher comorbidity. In the UK this year we will see whether switching to an ‘opt out’ donation law further increases this proportion of donors. We developed a systematic method to retrospectively review donation after brain death (DBD) kidney offers declined by our centre, with the intention of reducing variation in practice between clinicians, and identifying cases where offer acceptance may have been appropriate Method All DBD kidney offers declined by the Richard Bright Renal Service between June 2018 and May 2019 were reviewed. Data were collected by casenotes review and by contact with other transplanting units to establish the outcome of donor kidneys and recipient progress. Reasons for offer decline were recorded. Donor and recipient risk indices (DRI and RRI) were calculated. For patients now transplanted, the DRI of the declined offer was compared to the DRI of the transplanted kidney. Results During the study period, 98 DBD kidneys were declined. A donor organ identifier was not available in 8 cases, so 90 are considered here. Average donor age was 57 years with 52% having a Donor Risk Index (DRI) score of 4, and 74.7% a DRI score ≥3. The most common reasons for organ decline were donor related (65%), of which 27% were due to poor kidney function and 22% age mismatch; or recipient related (35%), where 30% were deemed inadequate quality for the recipient and 30% were unavailable or unwell. Of those kidneys which were transplanted elsewhere, 88% were functioning at 6 months with a median creatinine of 119 (IQR 106-148). There were 60 potential recipients, 61% of whom had a RRI score ≥3; 44% had a RRI equal to or less than the DRI of the declined organ. Those who have still not been transplanted have accrued a median of 352 extra days on dialysis. 31 recipients (52%) have been transplanted since their declined offer. The median change in DRI score from the declined offer to the accepted offer was -1 (IQR -2 to 1), and offers were accepted after a median of 45 (IQR 14-143) additional dialysis days. Of those who were transplanted after declining a donor offer, 11 (39%) received a kidney from a donor with equal or worse DRI than the original offer, after a median of 49 further days on dialysis. Conclusion This review process highlights the effect of kidney offer decline on future progress of the potential recipient, as well as differences in our centre practice compared to other centres. Key to this review is to highlight the risks involved with DBD organ decline- 18% of recipients ultimately received an equal or inferior kidney while accruing additional time on dialysis. Alongside this review we have implemented strategies including a policy on AKI in donors and monthly multidisciplinary meetings to discuss individual DBD decline cases. We aim to standardize decision making and increase our utilization of all as well as marginal DBD organs, and expect to show a reduction in variation in practice in future reviews. Use of this process in other units or at a national level could reduce unwarranted variation in the utilization of the donor organ pool.

Exosomal lncRNA ZFAS1 regulates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis via microRNA-124/STAT3 axis

BackgroundIn recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of great importance in development of different types of tumors, while the function of lncRNA ZFAS1 is rarely discussed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, we performed this study to explore the expression of exosomal lncRNA ZFAS1 and its molecular mechanism on ESCC progression.MethodsExpression of ZFAS1 and miR-124 in ESCC tissues was detected. LncRNA ZFAS1 was silenced to detect its function in the biological functions of ESCC cells. A stable donor and recipient culture model was established. Eca109 cells transfected with overexpressed and low expressed ZFAS1 plasmid and miR-124 inhibitor labeled by Cy3 were the donor cells, and then co-cultured with recipient cells to observe the transmission of Cy3-ZFAS1 between donor cells and recipient cells. The changes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration in recipient cells were detected. The in vivo experiment was conducted for verifying the in vitro results.ResultsLncRNA ZFAS1 was upregulated and miR-124 was down-regulated in ESCC tissues. Silencing of ZFAS1 contributed to suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor growth in vitro and induced apoptosis of ESCC cells. LncRNA ZFAS1 was considered to be a competing endogenous RNA to regulate miR-124, thereby elevating STAT3 expression. Exosomes shuttled ZFAS1 stimulated proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells and restricted their apoptosis with increased STAT3 and declined miR-124. Furthermore, in vivo experiment suggested that elevated ZFAS1-exo promoted tumor growth in nude mice.ConclusionThis study highlights that exosomal ZFAS1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells and inhibits their apoptosis by upregulating STAT3 and downregulating miR-124, thereby resulting in the development of tumorigenesis of ESCC.

ELEMENT OF WATER IN KOREAN CULTURE AND GARDEN ART OF KOREA

The East always was mysterious for Europeans, and it continued till 16-17 centuries. When it comes to the Near East, China, Japan and India, we can see that researches at that time gave a lot of information about these countries, but as for Korea, there was just fragmentary information. More detailed research of Korea has begun much later, that is why there are still a lot of subjects needed be researched. And one of them is Garden Art of Korea. It should be mentioned that researchers telling about Korean gardens give only general things and do not do detailed analyze. This article analyzes an image of water and its realization in the Garden Art of Korea. As we know, Koreans have a special attitude to nature as an object of contemplation and comprehension. And this attitude was incarnated through parks and gardens, which develop under the influence of Chinese culture. But Korean gardens save their originality and get new semantic contents which spread on each element of a park-garden complex. The analyze of evolution of base elements of Korean garden gives us a possibility not only see changes of culture complex, but also helps us to understand a mechanism of interaction of cultures when recipient culture saves its originality and uniqueness.

The Problem of Harmonization of Linguistic Pictures of the World (The Case of Western European and Chinese Medicine)

The article discusses the problem of coexistence of different types of rationality, different scientific and linguistic pictures of the world as well as the problem of the adoption by one culture of another culture’s scientific picture of the world with accompanying transformations of the linguistic picture of the world of the recipient culture. The article deals with the experience of mutual research and collision between Western and Chinese traditions, using the example of medical science. The author examines the problem of the transfer of scientific medical knowledge from Western to Chinese culture in the context of a radical mismatch of scientific and linguistic pictures. The articles considers two different approaches to the translation of Western medical terminology into Chinese, developed at different times by English translators Benjamin Hobson and John Fryer. Hobson was focused on harmonizing new terminology with the usual concepts of the world language picture of the recipient. Fryer preferred to introduce new specific terms, artificially created directly for the needs of a new scientific picture of the world. In the field of medical terminology, the first of the two approaches turns out to be more viable, since it is more focused on its “end users” – Chinese doctors who study Western medicine in order to use its methods in their medical practice. Therefore, there is only partial applicability of the approaches, methods and terminology developed in one tradition for the evaluation and development of another tradition.