Recipient Countries Research Articles

Factors determining the emergence of environmental concerns regarding Chinese investment in the South America's extractive industries

This article focuses on analyzing environmental governance in the context of the growing economic relations between China and Latin America, with particular attention to Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the South American extractive industries. Using novel data that match Chinese investment and local environmental reactions, the results strongly support a positive correlation between institutional capacity for environmental protection in recipient countries and an increase in local environmental concerns. I find that the escalation of activity by Chinese companies with greater state participation in the extractive industries raises the probability of generating environmental concerns in affected communities. These findings significantly contribute to understanding the complex interactions between Chinese investments and environmental governance, providing an essential foundation for addressing environmental challenges associated with Chinese FDI in Latin America.

Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in the Pacific Alliance countries

This article empirically analyzed the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth (EG) in the Pacific Alliance countries. Quarterly data was used for each variable, and unit root tests, cointegration, and causality tests were applied. Additionally, a multivariate error correction model and impulse response functions were estimated. The main hypotheses were that FDI promotes the economic growth of the recipient countries and that economic growth contributes to attracting higher FDI flows. The results showed that in some countries, foreign investment promoted economic growth and, in turn, that EG contributed to attracting higher investment flows. However, in other cases, this relationship did not hold. These results suggest that factors such as infrastructure, financial market development, macroeconomic stability, institutional quality, and human capital are determinants of maximizing the benefits of FDI.

Beyond economic growth goals: can foreign aid mitigate carbon dioxide emissions in developing countries?

We provide novel and compelling evidence that foreign aid has significant mitigating impacts on carbon dioxide emissions in a comprehensive panel dataset of 127 developing countries from 1995 to 2019. This impact operates through a direct effect resulting from the adoption of green and eco-friendly investments and an indirect effect driven by economic growth. Moreover, we reveal that the effectiveness of foreign aid in reducing carbon dioxide emissions is contingent upon the country's income level. Specifically, foreign aid shows limited efficacy in curbing emissions in low-income countries, while its influence becomes substantial in middle-income countries. This result indicates that economic development plays a moderating effect in the aid – climate change nexus. Furthermore, the findings of this research are of paramount importance to donor and recipient countries emphasizing the role of governance and political stability in enhancing the effectiveness of aid in combatting climate change and identifying promising pathways for sustainable development.

Comparison of Mediterranean and Ukrainian Migration Impacts on V4 Countries

Today’s Europe still resonates with the migration crisis connected with the arrival of migrants from Africa and Asia. Despite its massive impact on Central Europe, the significant migratory flow from Ukraine avoids considerable media attention. This article compares the effect of the Mediterranean migration and Ukrainian migration on V4 countries before the Covid-19 pandemic. There is an significant disproportion in the volumes of the compared migratory flows favouring the Ukrainian migration. However, Mediterranean migration became a substantial issue in elections in particular V4 countries. Our analysis focuses on the causes of different perceptions of both migratory flows and their impacts on recipient countries at the social and foreign policy levels. According to our research, different perceptions of the flows by the people and politicians are connected to the level of immigrants’ cultural and linguistic proximity and their potential integration. As the current situation suggests, the stabilisation of the political situation in Ukraine will take a more extended period, and the subsequent social and economic renewal will take another period. We assume the migratory flows from Ukraine will continue in the following years. Similarly, the Mediterranean migratory flows are likely to continue, probably with the shifts in their intensity, depending on their home countries’ situation and the Schengen regulatory measures. All of the above-mentioned issues put pressure on recipient countries to create a long-term immigration strategy that would enable them to manage the migration flow-related problems without societal destabilisation. The submitted interdisciplinary article uses the theoretical basis of migration studies (immigration policies, push and pull factors) and international relations (neorealism). The methodology of the text is anchored in the analysis of the relevant literature and statistical sources. The title of the article suggests the use of the comparison method.

Association between foreign agricultural investments and adoption of soil and water conservation practices in Uganda

ObjectivesRecently, some developing countries are promoting foreign agricultural investments in Agriculture to exploit currently under-exploited land. Yet, the benefits to recipient countries remains less understood and inconclusive. The study sought to understand the association between proximity to a foreign agricultural investments (FAI) and adoption of soil and water conservation farming methods by smallholder farmers in Uganda.MethodologyWe used cross-sectional data collected from a total of 1,181 smallholder respondents, sampled through a multi-stage random sampling process resulting in three independent samples from South-western, Central and Northern Uganda. Using logistic regression analysis and pooled data, we study the association between proximity to a FAI and other factors that influence the adoption of soil and water conservation farming practices by smallholder farmers in Uganda.ResultsDescriptive results show that at the aggregate level proximity to a FAI, the education level of the farmer and ownership of information and communication assets (radio and mobile phone) are significantly different between adopter and non-adopters of soil and water conservation farming methods in the research area. The econometric findings of the study suggest that proximity to a foreign agricultural investments (FAI) has weak but significant spillovers on soil and water conservation farming practices of smallholder farmers it their vicinity with possible site specific variations that warrant more in-depth investigation. The effect of proximity to FAI on the adoption of soil and water conservation farming practices is complemented by the education level of the farmer and access to means of communication (radio, and in particular mobile phone set) indicating the importance of information and also broader socio-economic conditions.RecommendationWe recommend policies that enhance increased exposure of smallholder farmers to FAI especially those that help promote rural digital penetration through increased band width, FM radios and affordable data packages.

Domestic Support for Foreign Aid: Development Firms and Support for Foreign Aid in the US Congress

In this article, I present a theory of domestic support for foreign aid in the United States, focusing on the role played by American development firms or aid awardees in domestic politics. US Agency for International Development (USAID) delivers foreign aid to recipient countries through contracts with private for-profit development firms and non-profit organizations, most of which originate from America. This article argues that these domestic firms promote domestic support for foreign aid by creating distributional effects and disseminating information through lobbying. This information includes not only the significance of foreign aid but also its distributive benefits to legislators’ districts. Analyzing district-level USAID award data and firm-level lobby data from the 111th to the 115th Congress, I found that the district-level allocation of aid awards is positively associated with the frequency of (co)sponsorship for pro-foreign aid bills.

The targeting of ODA by Central and Eastern European EU donors

ABSTRACT The study analyses the allocation of Official Development Assistance (ODA) by those Central and Eastern European (CEE) donors that are also members of the EU. Using both absolute and relative data from the OECD and UNDP databases for each recipient country, we have established a general trend in CEE EU countries aid provision and identified cases of exceptional donor engagement. The main axis of the study is the analysis of the ODA/HDI ratio, focusing on flows in 2021 and then on 2013–2021 to establish the long-term trend. The result is a positive correlation between the volume of aid provided and the HDI score in each of the perspectives considered. This leads to a surprising trend of increasing aid activity by CEE EU donors as the level of development of the recipient countries improves. The results of the data analysis and the conclusions drawn from the literature suggest that the distribution of CEE EU ODA is much closer to a donor interest model. However, it is possible that this trend may gradually evolve towards a hybrid model, given the surge in ODA spending following the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war and increasing external pressure.

Does Aid Induce Foreign Direct Investment: Updated Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment

Abstract While the catalytic effect of aid on foreign direct investment (FDI) has long been an implicit consensus among many policymakers and practitioners, assessments of this causal relationship remain limited and are not always reliable. To mitigate this evidence gap, this study applies an instrumental variable approach that leverages the graduation of the International Development Association (IDA) income threshold as a quasi-experiment to identify the causal linkage between foreign aid and FDI. The analysis reveals that a 1 percent drop in the ratio of aid to gross national income leads to a decline in FDI relative to gross domestic product by 0.9 percent in 42 developing countries from 1987 to 2019. In face of the aid shock induced by IDA graduation, governments in recipient countries restrict their financial policy openness, through which aid could significantly impact subsequent foreign private investment. Results emphasize the necessity of concerted policy interventions to mitigate this negative aid shock.

Econometric Determinants of Chinese Developmental Finance in Sub-Saharan Africa; Further Evidence using a Flow-Type Decomposed Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood Model

Chinese “aid” has long engendered criticism. Western pundits and policymakers posit it as a political tool employed by Beijing to asway foreign policy concessions and secure natural resources access for its domestic industries, often atthe expense of the recipient country. However, we argue that large amounts of these claims lack empirical scrutiny or have been hindered by enduring conceptual, methodological, and data-centric constraints. This paper thus aims to refine and integrate prevailing methodological practices to produce a more nuanced understanding of Chinese motivations. Using empirical regression analysis and a newly released granular dataset spanning 48 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2000-2021, we: (1) decompose Chinese “aid” into flow types of relative concessionality; (2) utilize a Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimator to mitigate log-transformation and heteroskedasticity concerns present within traditional modeling of zero-inflated datasets; (3) retain a subset of contemporary values to deal with issues related to simultaneity in our regressors. Our findings suggest that while developmental goals primarily drive concessional aid, commercial lending is moreso influenced by economic self-interest, which is often incorrectly conflated with “aid” in the traditional sense. Further, Chinese “aid” does not flow disproportionately to corrupt or authoritarian regimes. This challenges the dominant “rogue donor” narrative and contributes to a more comprehensive perspective on China's emerging role in global developmental finance.

Impact of capital inflows on bank profitability: a comparative analysis of dual banking systems

PurposeUsing data on 739 banks from 22 countries with a dual banking system from 2012 to 2019, this paper aims to examine whether capital inflows affect banks’ profitability in recipient countries.Design/methodology/approachThe authors check the conjecture about the effect of capital inflows on the profitability of the host country’s banks by estimating the following regression:Pict=α0+α1·CFct+α2·Islamici+α3·CFct×Islamici+δ·Xict+θ·Yct+εict (1)where the dependent variable (Pict) refers to bank profitability, measured by either ROA or ROE for bank i, country c and year t. ROA is defined as the ratio of net profit to average total assets expressed as a percentage, which determines how efficiently a bank uses its assets to generate a profit. ROE is defined as the ratio of net profit to average total equity expressed as a percentage, which is a measure of increases in shareholders’ wealth.FindingsThe authors find that capital inflows are generally positively associated with bank profitability. However, cross-border capital inflows reduce the rate of return in Islamic banks relative to their conventional counterparts. When decomposing inflows by instrument, the authors find that the enhancing role of capital inflows on bank profitability comes mainly from debt inflows and borrowers; the authors observe that the documented results emanate mostly from the inflows to the financial sector. These results remain unchanged if holding a bank’s risk constant. Overall, foreign funds in the form of debt inflows targeting the financial sector can disproportionately improve the performance of commercial banks in recipient countries.Originality/valueThe paper is an original research project. The analysis contributes to the existing literature in several ways: the authors study whether the impact of capital inflows on bank profitability varies with the bank business model by looking at both the Islamic and conventional bank systems. The profitability of the banking system is an important catalyst for growth and stability. The authors also decompose capital inflows to recipient countries into their equity and debt components and study the differential impact of those components on the profitability of Islamic and conventional banks.

Open government and US development co‐operation in Colombia: Lessons for locally led development

AbstractMotivation“Localization”—direct donor support for national organizations in aid recipient countries—has become a top priority for international development. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) pledged to raise the proportion of direct funding to national organizations to 25% and for 50% of funding to involve “locally led” input. Independently, USAID commits to proactive disclosure of project information. This study analyses sectoral priorities, access to project data, and localization trends to inform policy discussion about how USAID can reach its twin localization goals, with a focus on Colombia, the largest US aid recipient in Latin America.PurposeAn open government perspective can shed light on whether and how development agencies are making progress towards localization. Moreover, user‐centred information disclosure by donors is necessary to inform locally led development. The goals of this study are to document USAID's sectoral funding priorities, gaps in data disclosure, implementation actions, and direct local funding percentages to make patterns more visible to stakeholders. We ask: What are the strengths and limitations of public disclosure of data concerning US aid in Colombia?Approach and methodsThis analysis uses open‐source data review methods to bring together different sources of publicly available data. These methods include triangulating government data disbursed across multiple sites, recoding government data to make trends visible, and identifying barriers to data access.FindingsPublic data indicate that US funding for peace‐related projects increased in the years following Colombia's 2016 Peace Accord, though the security share of total US aid remains high. Funding trends demonstrate that USAID is far behind its localization goals in Colombia, though absolute funding totals to local organizations are increasing. Finally, publicly available project data are not user‐centred, require technical acumen to access, and are fragmented across multiple sites.Policy implicationsUser‐centred disclosures are key to locally led development to ensure informed participation and accountability to stakeholders.

Navigating the Impact of Foreign Aid: A Holistic View of Educational Aid Disbursements in Developing Nations

Background: Foreign aid is a fundamental instrument of international cooperation, intended theoretically to ameliorate the disparities in saving-investment dynamics, knowledge acquisition, and foreign exchange within developing nations. Despite over half a century of endeavours to evaluate its efficacy, the ongoing discourse on whether aid engenders predominantly positive outcomes in recipient countries remains inconclusive. Consequently, the nuanced impact of foreign aid on addressing challenges in developing nations remains a topic necessitating comprehensive and rigorous analysis. Objective: The primary aim of this study is to augment the existing body of knowledge within the domain of foreign aid by scrutinising the impact of education aid on improving educational achievements, particularly at the primary and secondary education tiers, by focusing on the overall, gender-wise, income level-wise, and donor-wise effect. This study focuses on delineating the influence of aid on the Primary Completion Rate (PCR), recognising its role as a precursor to shaping the Secondary School Level Net Enrollment Rate (SERNet). Method: This study utilised recent data on education aid disbursements across 50 low—and lower-income countries over 19 years (2002-2020). It specifically examined the cross-sector effects of this aid within the education sector, focusing on its impact on both the PCR and the SERNet. The analysis was conducted using the two-stage least squares methodology using the instrumental variables (IV-2SLS). Result: The findings revealed a statistically significant and positive correlation between education aid and the PCR, while no substantial relationship was observed with the SERNet. This discrepancy indicates that aid to improve primary school completion may not necessarily lead to enhancements in secondary school enrollments. Additionally, the analysis demonstrated that economic factors, governance, and school-related structural variables also play crucial roles in improving educational outcomes in developing countries. Conclusion: These outcomes suggest that the efficacy of foreign aid exhibits variance across different scenarios. The challenges concerning PCR and SERNet likely diverge, implying that assessing aid impacts singularly might be inadequate. Tailoring an aid to address specific issues could yield more favourable outcomes. Paper Type: Research Paper

On the Economics of Cross‐border Reparations Payments: The Case for a Bank of International Reparations

ABSTRACTThis article considers the challenge of ensuring that international reparations payments are effective in benefiting the recipient countries of such reparations. To guarantee that these financial flows provide long‐term benefits to the recipient economies, the article recommends the adoption of a developmental state approach to the use of the funds. It also considers in detail the advantages of establishing a Bank of International Reparations that serves as a trustee for the receipt and distribution of reparations, facilitates coordination of the use of reparations across countries to avoid disadvantageous forms of competition, provides investment banking services to support the use of the reparations to fund a domestically focused ‘sovereign wealth fund’, and provides ‘public option’ commercial banking services to recipient country firms in order to foster the growth of recipient country economies. Finally, the article finds that the most effective means of funding the reparations would be to use Special Drawing Rights (or SDRs).

Newly evidence across the world on how climate financing helps in ensuring a greener future

Investing in climate change mitigation and adaptation has become a promising approach to address the negative impacts of climate change on the environment and to encourage efforts to adjust to changing conditions. Climate funding is a kind of foreign aid that seeks to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and promote ecologically sustainable economic development. However, it is not quite clear to what extent it helps recipient countries transition to low-carbon pathways. This research examines the worldwide flow of climate finance from 1999 to 2017 to determine the impact of climate funds on reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable development in recipient countries. The data suggest a potential correlation between climate funding and the reduction of carbon emissions, with investments in mitigation seeming to have a greater impact than spending on adaptation. Furthermore, countries that have achieved significant economic progress and Small Island developing states stand to benefit more from climate aid aimed at reducing emissions. This is due to the fact that both sorts of nations exhibit greater rates of economic growth. These results are significant for policymakers, who may use them to accelerate the transition to net-zero combustion levels and enhance environmental sustainability.

Аdaptation of foreign students in the framework of the implementation of the third mission of the university

Introduction. The research topic is conditioned by the need to develop innovative adaptation measures for international university students, which are an important channel for transferring information about the country to the world community. Decoding the national values of the recipient country corresponds to the intention of the third mission of the university, understood as its contribution to the development of the regional, national and global community. The purpose of the study is to analyze the satisfaction of foreign students with the conditions of the new educational environment of the university and to develop a comprehensive program for their adaptation. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in Novosibirsk State Technical University using the survey method by filling out a questionnaire by respondents and a formalized interview. Closed alternative questions were used in the questionnaire. International students from near and far abroad participated in the survey. The data was processed and visualized using the method of bar and pie charts. The results of the study. The data of the conducted survey of foreign students allow us to conclude about the generally successful adaptation environment of the university. However, some indicators have revealed the need to improve the adaptation process, mainly in its socio-cultural aspect. The answers to the question "How easily did you join the educational process of NSTU?" revealed the fact that about 52% of foreign students felt discomfort after arriving to study in Russia, especially this should be attributed to citizens of non-CIS countries. When answering the question "Have you encountered difficulties in establishing contacts with Russian students and the local population due to differences in values, traditions and customs?" 44% of respondents acknowledged the existence of problems. Thirty-nine percent of respondents considered the main barrier to effective communication to be a lack of understanding of the motives of Russians' actions. New formats of adaptation measures are required that decode the system of cultural values of the recipient country for foreign students and involve them in the scientific, cultural and economic life of the region. Thirty-two percent of respondents spoke about their lack. Conclusions. The factors of successful adaptation of students at the university are identified, new formats of socio-cultural activities are proposed that can demonstrate national norms and traditions, such as an adaptive VR course, virtual travel, sightseeing routes around the city and the university area, adaptation quests. Types of adaptation activities are included in a comprehensive program designed to convey both the values of the university, its location region, and the values of the recipient country.

Transforming Horizons: The Multifaceted Impact of Foreign Aid on Nigeria and Ghana's Fiscal Landscape

This retrospective study explored the multifaceted impact of foreign aid on the fiscal landscapes of Nigeria and Ghana. Through an exhaustive analysis of bilateral and multilateral aid flows, including grants, technical assistance, and loans, this research aimed to unveil how foreign aid influenced economic performance, addressing issues like poverty eradication, income inequality, and unemployment in both countries. Utilizing an ex-post facto research design, the study analyzed data spanning from 1981 to 2021, employing ARDL bounds tests and error correction models. The findings revealed distinct impacts of various types of aid on government expenditure and economic growth, demonstrating the complexity and nuanced effects of foreign assistance on the recipient countries' fiscal policies and economic outcomes.

한국 유상원조 사업의 공공외교적 효과 검토

Purpose: This paper investigates the efficacy of aid in support from recipient country citizens assuming that aid capable of winning their favor benefits donor countries. Originality: The public diplomacy impact of aid serves as a crucial intermediary step for donor countries in achieving anticipated political and economic outcomes. Despite this, prior research has neglected to explore how aid influences the perceptions of citizens in recipient countries. This study addresses this gap by examining the public diplomacy effects of aid through specific cases, contributing to academic diversity and offering policy insights. Methodology: A literature review analyzed previous research, while a survey assessed specific cases. The survey targeted 100 users of the Korea EDCF Vietnam Vam Cong Bridge and local residents, employing descriptive statistical and regression analyses. Result: Eighty percent of respondents displayed varying levels of awareness regarding Korea's contribution to the Vam cong Bridge construction, attributing it to significantly increasing awareness, likability, and interest in Korea. Regression analysis confirmed a positive correlation between recognition of Korea's contribution and changes in awareness, likability, and interest. Additionally, respondents who highly appreciated the bridge's economic benefits displayed greater likability, and interest in Korea. Conclusion and Implication: The Vam cong Bridge's construction demonstrated a relatively high public diplomacy effect. To enhance future aid initiatives, proactive dissemination of Korea's contributions is crucial. Moreover, providing effective economic benefits fosters goodwill and interest in Korea among recipient country residents. Therefore, winning the hearts of recipient country citizens through aid necessitates both transparent communication of donor contributions and the delivery of substantial economic benefits.

Дом и родина трансмигранта в фокусе современной концептуализации

The article presents a reflection on the conceptualization of the ideas of the migrant’s “home” and “homeland”. Rethinking the experience of conceptualizing these concepts seems appropriate due to its heterogeneity, which is due to the formation of the phenomenon of transnationalism at the end of the 20th century, reflecting the emergence of transnational migration. Home and homeland are considered in the structure of transnational identity as its identifiers. The theoretical framework of the analysis was the concept of the domestic researcher Z.L. Levin, which allows interpreting home and homeland as social, i.e. acquired identifications. The consequence of the reconstruction of the semantic fullness of the concepts of home and homeland is the transformation of identity and/or the formation of a trans-identity, involving a combination of elements of cultures, both the country of origin and the recipient country. The beginning of the discourse about the home of the modern migrant falls on the 80s of the XX century when the issue of its loss to migrants was being considered. In the early 1990s, an anti-centrist line of research was formed, which is, in general, a complex of nomadic studies based on the concepts of globalization, transnationalism and cross-borderism. The idea of transforming the house is being formed. The house ceases to be a “fixed structure” and loses the function of a geographical center, it becomes mobile, its topography expanding. At the same time, there is a group of scientists who deny the generalization of ideas about home and homeland. In general, when defining ‘home’, representatives of global discourse adhere to a number of its unified indicators, the most significant of which are terrain, sense of security, space, social relations of family and neighborhood. The analysis of the results of the modern conceptualization of home has shown the expansion of the semantic load of this concept and the identification of new properties of home – mobility and plurality. If before the start of transnational migration, the concepts of ‘home’ and homeland were linked together by the formulation native home, then in the conditions of fluid modernity, forming a plastic transnational identity of a migrant, these concepts began to exist separately. The concept of homeland, unlike home, has an ideological connotation. In the context of the mosaic of modern social processes and their political coloring, its conceptualization is in the process of development.

Exploring Oman’s International Tourism Determinants in a Gravity Modelling Framework

Abstract This research investigates Oman’s international tourism predictors within a coherent gravity modelling framework. International visitor arrival data for 2007 to 2015 involving Oman’s forty-eight main visitor origin countries are incorporated in the balanced panel estimation empirical phase that tests several gravity model specifications. The estimation procedure includes standard gravity variables and controls for several hypothesized influences. The findings provide strong evidence that the economic sizes of visitor recipient and origin countries, the distance between Oman and visitor origin countries, humidity, quality of accommodation, and common religion are statistically significant predictors. Surprisingly, while relevant, Oman’s cultural attractions (museums, forts, and castles) and the extent of human freedom are statistically insignificant. These findings are unique as they focus on the importance of factors determining Oman’s tourism within a cohesive and inclusive modelling framework. Policymakers can target the abovementioned variables to facilitate investments and propel tourism.

UKRAINIAN LABOR MIGRANTS AND REFUGEES IN ЕUROPEAN COUNTRIES: CONFLICTING NATURE OF MIGRATION POLICIES IN MODERN SOCIETIES

This paper critically examines and evaluates theoretical approaches to the internal conflict phenomenon of migration in the context of modern dynamics. The paper is devoted to the study of contemporary migration processes between Ukraine and European countries in the context of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The authors analyze theoretical approaches to the study of migration. In particular, based on an analysis of the literature, it was shown that simplified concepts, such as the "push and pull" theory, are not relevant for studying the migration of Ukrainians in European countries. Instead, the authors emphasize the need to apply new models, in particular, the theory of "migration aspirations and capabilities." The article considers the conflicting ideological approaches to the formation of migration policies of European countries, in particular the concepts of multiculturalism and assimilation. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of Poland's migration policy as one of the main recipient countries for Ukrainian migrants and refugees. The successes and gaps in Poland's integration strategies are analyzed, in particular the problem of "brain drain" of highly qualified workers from Ukraine. The need for a differentiated approach to different groups of migrants and the involvement of regional authorities in the development of migration policy is emphasized. The paper also highlights the gender aspect of migration processes, focusing on the specific challenges faced by women refugees from Ukraine. Issues of adaptation, preservation of cultural identity and overcoming internal conflicts in the new environment are considered. The importance of taking into account the factor of having minor children and elderly relatives in the process of integrating women refugees is emphasized. Overall, the article demonstrates a comprehensive approach to the study of migration processes, combining theoretical analysis, empirical data and gender studies. The authors attempt to expand the theoretical and methodological apparatus of migration research in the context of improving the understanding of the dynamics of modernity and its conflicts.