Reception Mechanism Research Articles

Local to global purification strategy to realize collaborative camouflaged object detection

The purpose of camouflaged object detection is to detect objects in images that are not easily perceived by human eyes. Aiming at the problems of low recognition performance and unsatisfied texture information extraction in the complex environment in the current camouflaged object detection algorithms, we propose to improve the accuracy by simultaneously detecting a group of images containing the same camouflaged category. Therefore, we put forward a novel method termed local to global purification network (LGPNet) for collaborative camouflaged object detection. Our method comprises two main modules: the Local Detail Mining module (LDM) and the Global Intra-group Feature Extraction module (GIFE). The LDM is designed to exploit diversified detail information via different adaptive kernels and receptive field mechanisms locally, and the GIFE module is invented for feature enhancement and multi-level information aggregation. Specifically, the GIFE first utilizes channel attention and spatial attention mechanisms to enhance high-level semantic information and then aggregates the intra-group characteristics by level. Extensive experiments on CoCOD8K dataset and 4 COD benchmark datasets illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of our method compared to SOTAs.

DRX Mechanism for Machine Type Communication (MTC) in Long Term Evolution Network (LTE): Potentials and challenges

Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Mechanism is the power saving technique employed by the Long Time Evolutional (LTE) Network to reduce the power saving. The scheme has seen numerous improvements and tuning to enhance its performance. The Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices have characters that widely differ from the normal devices (Human Type Devices). Therefore, DRX schemes needs to be adjusted to fully accommodate MTC. In this work, a survey of MTC DRX scheme literatures is adapted depicting challenges and potential.

Нейропоэзия как баттл поэтических языков

The article develops a view of neural networks as a tool for formulating and verifying philological hypotheses related to various aspects of the generation and reception of a literary text. The principles of aesthetic communication are analyzed, in which, thanks to the development of the modern technological environment, an anthropic author, a neural network and a recipient can participate equally. Neuropoetry is interpreted through the metaphor of a “battle of poetic languages” (in accordance with the conventions of the rap battle genre) — as a communicative field in which anthropic and digital authors interact as equal participants in the creative act, jointly forming new prerequisites for the reader’s perception of a literary text. The ‘co-creation’ of anthropic and digital authors is considered in terms of the actor-network theory of Latour. In interactions between a person and a neural network, the latter transcends its purely instrumental function and assumes features of subjectivity. It becomes an equal agent in generating a collective aesthetic statement. Neuropoetry, as a result of co-creation of this kind, is characterized by a double semiotic nature: one part of it is the result of the creation of an anthropic author, while the second demonstrates ‘secondary poetry’, in which the digital author imitates the procedures of natural speech generation. As a result, a new, complicated model of aesthetic communication is formed, complementing the standard positions of the communicative act (author — text — reader) with the level of communicative interaction of anthropic and digital co-authors. The recipient, in the situation of perceiving a text co-written by a person and a neural network, is involved in a complex interpretative game that activates the mechanisms of aesthetic reception, and the act of ‘neuro-creativity’ itself creates new forms of mimesis, which ceases to be ‘imitation of the world’ and becomes ‘imitation of imitation’.

A Low-Light Image Enhancement Algorithm Incorporating Cross-Mixed Attention and Receptive Field Expansion Mechanism

A Low-Light Image Enhancement Algorithm Incorporating Cross-Mixed Attention and Receptive Field Expansion Mechanism

Non-reciprocal Electromagnetic Transmission and Reception Mechanisms of Magnetoelectric Acoustically Excited Antennas

Non-reciprocal Electromagnetic Transmission and Reception Mechanisms of Magnetoelectric Acoustically Excited Antennas

Three-dimensional receptivity of a high-speed blunt cone to different types of freestream disturbances

Receptivity to freestream disturbances is the initial stage of the boundary-layer transition process, which can determine the final path of boundary-layer disturbance triggering transition. At present, researches on the receptivity of two-dimensional boundary layer to disturbances with zero incident angles, are relatively sufficient. In fact, the freestream disturbances often propagate into the boundary layer in the form of non-zero incident angles, resulting in a component of spatial disturbances in the circumferential direction of rotating bodies (such as a cone). It is a receptivity problem with a distinct three-dimensional feature. However, research on this three-dimensional receptivity problem is relatively scarce. The preliminary work only studied the three-dimensional receptivity to low-frequency incident slow acoustic waves. There has not been a systematic study on the three-dimensional receptivity to different types of freestream disturbances. The paper conducts a study on the three-dimensional receptivity of a blunt cone to different freestream disturbances. Firstly, a high-resolution numerical simulation method is used to compute the three-dimensional receptivity process by introduce freestream disturbances with 15 degree incident angles. The freestream disturbances include fast acoustic wave, slow acoustic wave, entropy wave, and vortex wave. Their frequencies are selected as dimensionless 1.1 and 5, corresponding to the frequencies of the first mode and second mode, respectively. Then, the phase velocity and shape function of the boundary-layer disturbances at each circumferential position for the numerical results are obtained by Fourier transform. To interpret the receptivity mechanisms, the corresponding results by linear stability analysis are obtained for comparisons. It is found that, the first and second modes of the boundary layer can be effectively excited by the incident slow acoustic waves; It is difficult for the incident fast acoustic waves to excite unstable modes in the boundary layer; The incident entropy wave and vortex wave are difficult to excite the first mode at low frequency, but can excite the second mode at high frequency. Furthermore, the incident angle of the freestream disturbances can cause the differences in the receptivity at different circumferential positions of the cone, which can be reflected in two ways. One is the difference in the dominant disturbance form at different circumferential positions; The second is the difference in the amplitude of boundary-layer disturbances. Under different disturbance types and frequencies, these differences between different circumferential positions exhibit different results. The strongest receptivity may occur on the incident front, the incident back, and the incident side. These phenomena may be the result of the combined action of the upstream head disturbances and the disturbances on the incident front.

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NOCICEPTION IN CHRONIC PROSTATITIS

Introduction. The need to understand the pathophysiology of prostatitis is determined by its prevalence, usually chronic progressive course, significant impact on quality of life, fertility and sexuality. The modern arsenal of medicines allows us to achieve a clinically significant effect. Along with this, non-pharmacological methods are widely used to increase the effectiveness of treatment. However, despite significant successes in the treatment of prostatitis, the problems of insufficient efficiency remain unsolved by modern urology, and it is extremely difficult to help these patients. Understanding the pathophysiology of the disease has always been the key to successful diagnosis and treatment. That is why it is important to determine the mechanisms of development of painful manifestations of prostatitis.
 The aim. To describe the main molecular mechanisms of tissue damage reception, in particular of the prostate gland, which are perceived as pain sensations.
 Materials and methods. An evaluation of modern literature devoted to the mechanisms of creation of nerve impulses due to damage and inflammation of the prostate gland was carried out. The search was conducted in the MEDLINE and databases of the National Library of Ukraine named after V.I. Vernadsky.
 Results. The main molecular mechanisms of nociception in chronic prostatitis have been determined. A review of modern literature devoted to the study of pain mechanisms as a biologically significant signal of damage at the molecular level of reception is presented. Attention is focused on the features of nociception in prostatitis, its connection with the production of inflammatory mediators, possible mechanisms of hyperalgesia and allodynia.
 As a result of stress and tissue damage, the production and release of inflammatory mediators such as interleukins, interferon, prostaglandins, bradykinin, adenosine triphosphate, protons and nerve growth factor increase. These mediators activate pain receptors located on nerve endings and are ion channels of various types: transient receptor potential, acid, purinergic, and potassium ion leak channels.
 Conclusions. The presented literature data describe the mechanisms of nociception, hyperalgesia and allodynia in chronic prostatitis, the understanding of which can be the basis for the development of new methods of diagnosis and treatment.

Development and testing of an endometrial status assessment test based on RNAampliSeq technology

BACKGROUND: Approximately two thirds of all implantation failures are due to impaired endometrial receptivity. The lack of implantation may be due to an implantation window failure found in approximately 25-30% of women with a history of failure to perform assisted reproductive technology protocols. The receptivity phase in such patients can be shifted in terms of timing, have a short duration, or not form. Currently, there are several commercial tests for determining endometrial receptivity based on transcriptomic data. However, these tests differ very significantly from each other in the set of genes studied, and the exact mechanism of endometrial receptivity is still not fully understood.
 AIM: The aim of this study was to create and check our own test based on RNA AmpliSeq technology to assess the receptivity status of the endometrium and the implantation window.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: We previously created an RNAampliSeq panel containing 421 gens. With its use, the differential expression of these genes was analyzed in 38 endometrial samples taken in the proliferative and receptive phases.
 RESULTS: The studied samples form clearly distinguishable clusters with the receptive and proliferative endometria. 271 genes from our panel are differentially expressed in different phases of the menstrual cycle.
 CONCLUSIONS: We have created and tested a model that allows clearly distinguishing between the proliferative endometrium and the receptive one and identifying patients with disorders of the menstrual cycle.

In pursuit of epistemic authority in public intellectual engagement: the case of language and gender

Abstract Public intellectual life is an area of inquiry that has not received a great deal of attention within the field of sociolinguistics. This article investigates the performative dimension of public intellectual engagement in the area of language and gender and, more specifically, how epistemic authority about gender-neutral language is constructed in public intellectual contributions in Catalonia, Spain. Adopting Arendt’s notion of truth claim and the Foucauldian concepts of regimes of truth and epistemic sovereignty, we empirically examine the mechanisms of reception and validation of the public engagements of one highly visible linguistic scholar. Our study shows the ways in which this intellectual figure strives to be recognised as having exclusive scientific authority about language. We argue that pursuing the allegedly impartial standpoint of epistemic authority about gender and language inevitably advances the interests of specific political actors and large media corporations of a conservative strand that fervently oppose gender-neutral language.

Prospects of legal reception in the conditions of Ukraine’s acquisition of EU membership

The free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is the basis of the functioning of the European Union as a regional supranational entity. It is these principles that determine the benchmarks of norm-making by the institutions of the European Union.
 At the same time, the specified bases determine the context of harmonization of the legislation of the member states of the European Union. Likewise, the main category of litigation, which is or has been under consideration by the Court of the European Union, concerns precisely the violation of the specified principles of the functioning of the internal market.
 In the context of the above, the European integration of Ukraine leads to a change in the paradigm of state regulation in the economic sphere, primarily towards the liberalization of legislative requirements. At the same time, this primarily concerns the state regulation of the tax and customs systems of Ukraine. Both the tax system and the customs need significant liberalization in the context of changing the repressive-fiscal approach to the service approach.
 The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union itself establishes a series of successive steps aimed at adapting and harmonizing national Ukrainian legislation in the context of European values of free movement of goods, persons, services and capital.
 At the same time, taking into account the special nature of the constitution as the basis of the national legal system, the norms of which have direct effect, an important guarantee of the implementation within the Ukrainian jurisdiction of the above-mentioned four freedoms of the internal market of the European Union would be the constitutional consolidation of the principles of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the rules of the internal market of the European Union precisely in view of the basic paradigm of free movement of goods, persons, services and capital.
 At most, the existence of a constitutional consolidation of the foundations of the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital would make it possible to direct both judicial practice and law- making and by-law rule-making activities in the appropriate direction.
 The above would clearly contribute to the improvement of the economic and investment climate in Ukraine, which will become especially relevant in the war and post-war periods.
 At the same time, the reception mechanism is one of the most effective ways of unifying different legal systems.

The endometrial transcriptome transition preceding receptivity to embryo implantation in mice

BackgroundReceptivity of the uterus is essential for embryo implantation and progression of mammalian pregnancy. Acquisition of receptivity involves major molecular and cellular changes in the endometrial lining of the uterus from a non-receptive state at ovulation, to a receptive state several days later. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying this transition and their upstream regulators remain to be fully characterized. Here, we aimed to generate a comprehensive profile of the endometrial transcriptome in the peri-ovulatory and peri-implantation states, to define the genes and gene pathways that are different between these states, and to identify new candidate upstream regulators of this transition, in the mouse.ResultsHigh throughput RNA-sequencing was utilized to identify genes and pathways expressed in the endometrium of female C57Bl/6 mice at estrus and on day 3.5 post-coitum (pc) after mating with BALB/c males (n = 3–4 biological replicates). Compared to the endometrium at estrus, 388 genes were considered differentially expressed in the endometrium on day 3.5 post-coitum. The transcriptional changes indicated substantial modulation of uterine immune and vascular systems during the pre-implantation phase, with the functional terms Angiogenesis, Chemotaxis, and Lymphangiogenesis predominating. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software predicted the activation of several upstream regulators previously shown to be involved in the transition to receptivity including various cytokines, ovarian steroid hormones, prostaglandin E2, and vascular endothelial growth factor A. Our analysis also revealed four candidate upstream regulators that have not previously been implicated in the acquisition of uterine receptivity, with growth differentiation factor 2, lysine acetyltransferase 6 A, and N-6 adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase 1 predicted to be activated, and peptidylprolyl isomerase F predicted to be inhibited.ConclusionsThis study confirms that the transcriptome of a receptive uterus is vastly different to the non-receptive uterus and identifies several genes, regulatory pathways, and upstream drivers not previously associated with implantation. The findings will inform further research to investigate the molecular mechanisms of uterine receptivity.

How the structures of the Risso’s Dolphin (Grampus griseus) affect sound propagation and reception

Like other odontocetes, Risso’s dolphins actively emit clicks and passively listen to the echoes during echolocation. However, Risso’s dolphin head anatomy differs from other odontocetes by a unique vertical cleft along the anterior surface of the forehead and a differently shaped lower jaw. In this study, 3D finite-element sound propagation and reception models were constructed based on CT data of a deceased Risso’s dolphin. Model results of sound propagation and reception were verified by finding good agreement with practical recording data from previous biosonar beam measurements and hearing sensitivity measurements. The cleft was filled with neighboring soft tissues, creating a hypothetical “cleftness” head. Comparison between sound travelling through a “cleftness” head versus an original head indicate that the distinctive cleft plays a limited role in biosonar sound propagation. Additionally, we digitally simulated the acoustic pathway for sounds to travel from the water into dolphin’s tympanoperiotic complexes (TPCs). The gular reception mechanism, previously discovered in Delphinus delphis and Ziphius cavirostris was also found in this species. Sound pressure levels and displacement (motion) of the TPCs were compared between the cases with/without the mandibular fats or mandible. The results demonstrate a wave-guiding role of the mandibular fats and a bone conductor role of the mandible to transfer acoustic energy to the TPCs.

Hyperandrogenism and Its Possible Effects on Endometrial Receptivity: A Review.

Endometrial receptivity is a state of the endometrium defined by its readiness for embryo implantation. When the receptivity of the endometrium is impaired due to hyperandrogenism or androgen excess, this condition can lead to pregnancy loss or infertility. Hyperandrogenism encompasses a wide range of clinical manifestations, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), idiopathic hirsutism, hirsutism and hyperandrogaenemia, non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN), ovarian or adrenal androgen-secreting neoplasms, Cushing's syndrome, and hyperprolactinaemia. Recurrent miscarriages have been shown to be closely related to elevated testosterone levels, which alter the endometrial milieu so that it is less favourable for embryo implantation. There are mechanisms for endometrial receptivity that are affected by excess androgen. The HOXA gene, aVβ3 integrin, CDK signalling pathway, MECA-79, and MAGEA-11 were the genes and proteins affect endometrial receptivity in the presence of a hyperandrogenic state. In this review, we would like to explore the other manifestations of androgen excess focusing on causes other than PCOS and learn possible mechanisms of endometrial receptivity behind androgen excess leading to pregnancy loss or infertility.

Application of Broadband Receptivity Data to the Amplitude Method for Transition Prediction

Conventional hypersonic transition prediction relies upon the highly empirical method, which is predicated on theoretical approximations of relative disturbance growth. This does not account for the receptivity mechanism and the high degree of variability present in experimental wind-tunnel conditions, which itself leads to high degrees of variability in transition factors. The amplitude method, which better approximates the broadband nature of boundary-layer disturbances, was previously proposed to account for the effects of receptivity. In this study, high-fidelity simulated second-mode receptivity data for two blunt cones at Mach 10 to broadband disturbances are applied to an iterative approximation of the amplitude method tuned for second-mode dominated flows. The studied geometries consist of 9.525- and 5.080-mm-nose-radius 7 deg half-angle straight cones based on experimental cases from Arnold Engineering Development Center’s wind tunnel 9. Amplitude method predictions show improvement over the accuracy of estimates using standard threshold factors. In particular, the less blunt 5.080 mm cone demonstrates the best agreement due to its stronger second-mode response. The results of this work provide a preliminary framework for applying high-fidelity receptivity simulations to the amplitude method for transition prediction in hypersonic flows.

LKC-Net: large kernel convolution object detection network

Deep learning-based object detection methods have achieved great performance improvement. However, since small kernel convolution has been widely used, the semantic feature is difficult to obtain due to the small receptive fields, and the key information cannot be highlighted, resulting in a series of problems such as wrong detection, missing detection, and repeated detection. To overcome these problems, we propose a large kernel convolution object detection network based on feature capture enhancement and vast receptive field attention, called LKC-Net. Firstly, a feature capture enhancement block based on large kernel convolution is proposed to improve the semantic feature capturing ability, and depth convolution is used to reduce the number of parameters. Then, the vast receptive filed attention mechanism is constructed to enhance channel direction information extraction ability, and it is more compatible with the proposed backbone than other existing attention mechanisms. Finally, the loss function is improved by introducing the SIoU, which can overcome the angle mismatch problem between the ground truth and prediction box. Experiments are conducted on Pascal VOC and MS COCO datasets for demonstrating the performance of LKC-Net.

Camouflaged objects detection network via contradiction detection and feature aggregation

Camouflaged Object Detection(COD) aims to segment objects with a similar appearance to the background. There are some problems in existing algorithms, such as blurred edges and incomplete detection. To address the above issues, we propose a novel COD framework termed CFNet. Our network consists of the Contradiction Area Detection Module(CADM) and Feature Aggregation Module(FAM). In the CADM, we propose an improved receptive field mechanism, which utilizes max pooling operation and convolution block to highlight the contradictory areas and refine the edge of the hidden object. Besides, the FAM is designed to connect two adjacent layers via attention and anti-attention strategy, leading to cross-layer feature enhancement and information fusion. More specifically, the self-attention mechanism helps supplement semantic information, and the anti-attention mechanism contributes to removing redundant information. Extensive experiments conducted on the four public COD datasets show the comparable performance of the proposed CFNet with SOTAs, and the ablation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modules.

Reactions of Diatom Ulnaria Ulna on Neurotransmitters and Their Antagonists

Exogenous compounds known as neurotransmitters acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine and serotonin and their antagonists d-tubocurarine, muscarine, yohimbine, tavegyl and inmecarb were tested on unicellular diatom algae Ulnaria ulna, where they demonstrated signaling and regulatory functions. The most primitive single-cellular organisms like diatoms exhibit a marked sensitivity to neurotransmitters and their antagonists, indicating a possible reception mechanism, similar to those observed in mammals.

Current typology of the Belarusian legal system on the legal map of the world

The article presents the study results of functioning of the Belarusian legal system on the legal map of the world and its interaction with the legal systems of the continental law family. The main national legal reality components most actively communicating with foreign systemic formations – sources and law system, normative component and national type of legal consciousness – are analyzed. Proposals on the reception of foreign legal experience of French and Scandinavian legal models are made. It is proposed to improve the national law system by updating the administrative law branch according to the French model and judicial practice by the reception of the relevant components of the Scandinavian justice model. The Belarusian-type character of legal consciousness is analyzed separately from the viewpoint of its historical integration by different-type elements of legal cultures, which determines the ability of the Belarusian legal system to qualitatively interact with the legal systems of various law families. The “legal diplomacy” concept is introduced. It implies a new approach in the methodology of legal reception instead of implementation of “legal expansion” of foreign norms and institutions of law into other legal cultures. Proposals are made to include the provisions on the principles and mechanism of legal reception, as well as the rules determining a new quality of national legal consciousness by activating legal propaganda forms into the draft Concept of Legal Policy of the Republic of Belarus and in the draft Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Civil Society”.

Excitation of crossflow modes in a swept-airfoil boundary layer, Part 2: Surface-vortex receptivity

An extensive experimental investigation of two receptivity mechanisms of localized excitation of unsteady (in general) Cross-Flow (CF) instability modes in a three-dimensional (3D) swept-airfoil boundary layer has been carried out within one extended set of measurements. Two mechanisms of the boundary-layer receptivity have been investigated: (i) to surface nonuniformities (vibrations, in general) and (ii) to scattering of freestream vortices on surface nonuniformities. All obtained results are deeply processed and analyzed. Part 1 of the present study (Borodulin et al., 2023), was devoted to description of the results obtained for problem (i). Meanwhile, results of detailed investigation of problem (ii) are presented in Part 2 of this study (the present paper).

Excitation of crossflow modes in a swept-airfoil boundary layer. Part 1. Surface receptivity

An extensive experimental investigation of two receptivity mechanisms of localized excitation of unsteady (in general) Cross-Flow (CF) instability modes in a three-dimensional (3D) swept-airfoil boundary layer has been carried out within one extended set of measurements. Two mechanisms of the boundary-layer receptivity have been investigated: (i) to surface nonuniformities (vibrations, in general) and (ii) to scattering of freestream vortices on surface nonuniformities. All obtained results are deeply processed and analyzed. Part 1 of the present study (this paper) is devoted to description of the results obtained for problem (i). Meanwhile, results of detailed investigation of problem (ii) are presented in Part 2 of this study (the next paper Borodulin et al. (2023)).