Recent Development Status Research Articles

Gesture Recognition Based on Wireless Technology: Present and Future

As a cutting-edge innovation of non-contact human-computer interaction, wireless gesture recognition technology is gradually becoming the focus of academic and industrial attention because of its significant advantages in many fields. This paper aims to make an analysis for three main wireless sensing gesture recognition technologies, including their principles of work, implementation methods and technical characteristics. By collecting the recent development status of wireless sensing gesture recognition technology, this paper discusses the application of this technology. In addition, this paper also analyzes the limitations of the technology, Wi-Fi-based gesture recognition and RFID-based Gesture Recognition, and looks forward to the future development direction. The article focuses on radar-based gesture recognition, and its use in healthcare, smart homes, and car driving. This article also points out the challenges in terms of data scarcity, system adaptability and user diversity. The authors also suggest feasible developments for multimodal fusion, continuous learning algorithms, and adaptive algorithmic direction improvement. In the future, with the continuous progress and popularization of technology, wireless gesture recognition technology is expected to be widely used in more fields.

Recent Status of Production, Administration Policies, and Low-Carbon Technology Development of China’s Steel Industry

In 2023, China’s crude steel production amount reached 1.019 billion tons, and the energy consumption of China’s steel industry amount reached 561 million tons of coal. China’s steel industry, with its dominant reliance on coal for energy and the primary use of blast furnaces and converters in production processes, as well as its massive output, has become the main field for achieving China’s “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality” goals. Firstly, this article summarizes the current production status of the steel industry and the situation of carbon emissions in the steel industry. Secondly, it discusses the dual-carbon policies based on the national and steel industry levels and outlines the future directions for China’s steel industry. Subsequently, it analyzes the current state of research and application of mature and emerging low-carbon technology in China’s steel industry and details the low-carbon plans of China’s steel companies using the low-carbon technology roadmaps of two representative steel companies as examples. Finally, the article gives policy suggestions for the further carbon reduction of China’s steel industry. The purpose of this paper is to show the efforts and contributions of China’s steel industry to the early realization of its “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality” goals.

Hydrogen Production Technology Promotes the Analysis and Prospect of the Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Development under the Background of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality in China.

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have always been regarded as the main direction for developing new energy vehicles in the future due to their advantages of zero emission, high cruising range, and strong environmental adaptability. Currently, although the related technologies have gradually matured, there are still many factors hindering its development. One of the main reasons is that the price of hydrogen fuel increases the cost of using vehicles, which puts it at a competitive disadvantage compared with traditional fuel vehicles and pure electric vehicles. Herein, we summarize the recent development status of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles at home and abroad, and analyze the cost and sustainability brought by the latest scientific research progress to the hydrogen production industry, which is derived from basic research on electrocatalysts used in industrial electrocatalytic water splitting with an alkaline electrolyte. Finally, the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles was analyzed and prospected, which is one of the main application fields of hydrogen in the future.

BIO23: Recent Status of Development of Hb-based Blood Substitute With Pharmacologic Properties of ATP, Adenosine and Reduced Glutathione

BIO23: Recent Status of Development of Hb-based Blood Substitute With Pharmacologic Properties of ATP, Adenosine and Reduced Glutathione

A Quantitative Review of Irrigation Development in the Yazoo–Mississippi Delta from 1991 to 2020

The Yazoo–Mississippi Delta is one of the regions within the Lower Mississippi River Basin where substantial irrigation development and consequent groundwater depletion have occurred over the past three decades. To describe this irrigation development, a study was conducted to analyze existing geospatial datasets and to synthesize the results with those of past government surveys. The effort produced a quantitative review characterizing three aspects of irrigation development from 1991 to 2020. First, the expansion of irrigated area was tracked in terms of absolute area and in terms of fraction relative to total land or cropland area. Second, trends in irrigated land cover were traced in terms of irrigated crop mix, irrigated fractions of main crops, and comparisons with non-irrigated land. Third, changes in irrigation systems were examined in terms of water sources, energy sources, and application methods. Original findings of this study for the end of 2020 included moderate positive spatial autocorrelation in the density of irrigated areas; a higher irrigated crop preference for soybean and rice over cotton and corn in highly hydric soils; and 91% and 3% of permitted areas studied being respectively under groundwater withdrawal permits exclusively and under surface water diversion permits exclusively. By compiling such information, this paper can serve as a convenient reference on the recent history and status of irrigation development in the Yazoo–Mississippi Delta.

The function and technical means analysis of manual wheelchairs based on patent documents

Manual wheelchairs are mobility assistive options that are demanded in contemporary society and possess potential market values. To identify the recent technical development status among manual wheelchair industries, we conducted a patent search via the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Database, and a total of 505 Manual wheelchair patents were targeted for analysis. Results have shown the development of manual wheelchairs has been stable since the year 2005, and the United States owned 68% of the patents is currently leading the industry. The technical means of structure and material of “Seat Cushion” and “Backrest” to achieve the function “Increase Comfort” and “Prevent Bedsores” are the development priorities. The findings herein provide references to practitioners within the field of assistive technology.

Challenges for Developing and Marketing a Brayton-Cycle-Based Power Genset Gas Turbine Using Supercritical CO2 and a Compressor Design for Simple Recuperated Cycle

AbstractSince the 1960s, the idea of using supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) as the working fluid in a Brayton power cycle has been entertained (Angelino, 1968). But due to technical limitations of the time, the idea did not progress forward much. Presently, due to the availability of more know-how, better technological platform, and advanced analysis tools, many believe it is time to revisit the idea of using s-CO2 as the working fluid for power generation. Among various working fluids, s-CO2 has several significant advantages over other fluids. Primarily, the attractive qualities of s-CO2 are high efficiency, much smaller turbomachinery size and plant footprint (and therefore lower capital cost), and the potential for full carbon capture. However, the realization of these benefits will depend on overcoming several technical, engineering, and materials science challenges. Even though theoretically, the concept is highly attractive and promising, there are yet major hurdles to be passed, namely, the designing, developing, and testing a reasonable size (10 MWe or higher) prototype of a s-CO2 Brayton-cycle-based power gas turbine. This paper reviews the s-CO2 Brayton cycle technologies for power generation and critically assesses the recent challenges and development status. Further, a two-dimensional in-house code was utilized to design an impeller for an s-CO2 simple recuperated Brayton cycle, generating 10-MWe power. The results were validated first with Eckardt’s design which is often referred to as a benchmark due to the most extensive measurements he performed on centrifugal compressors. Then, a centrifugal compressor was designed by the present authors for a simple recuperated cycle, and the results were reported in detail. The results show that the designed compressor has a wide operation range, making it a viable option to be employed for the commercialization purpose of a 10-MWe s-CO2 Brayton cycle.

Recent Research and Development Status of Relaxed Optics and Laser Technology: A Review

It is shown that for laser technologies it was necessary to create a new branch of physics: Relaxed Optics (synthesis of methods of the physical optics, quantum electronics, physical chemistry, physics of irreversible phenomena in unitary system). It is allowed to explain complex chain processes of interaction light and matter. Possible applications of Relaxed Optical methods for the modeling of the laser-induced processes phenomena, including laser implantation (surface and subsurface processes), laser-induced optical breakdown (volume processes) and laser annealing of radiation and other defects in solid, are discussed. Perspectives of using these methods for the creation of new laser technologies, including creation new types of optoelectronic devices (heterostructures, diffraction lattices, etc.), resolution the problems of metallurgy, material science, painting, architecture and a building, are analyzed.

A strategy for population pharmaceutical quality assessment based on quality by design

From a regulatory perspective, drug quality consistency evaluation must concern different processes used for the same drug. In this study, an assessment strategy based on quality by design (QbD) was developed for population pharmaceutical quality evaluation. A descriptive analysis method based on QbD concept was first established to characterize the process by critical evaluation attributes (CEAs). Then quantitative analysis method based on an improved statistical process control (SPC) method was established to investigate the process indicators (PIs) in the process population, such as mean distribution, batch-to-batch difference and abnormal quality probability. After that rules for risk assessment were established based on the SPC limitations and parameters. Both the SPC parameters of the CEAs and the risk of PIs were visualized according to the interaction test results to obtain a better understanding of the population pharmaceutical quality. Finally, an assessment strategy was built and applied to generic drug consistency assessment, process risk assessment and quality trend tracking. The strategy demonstrated in this study could help reveal quality consistency from the perspective of process control and process risk, and further show the recent development status of domestic pharmaceutical production processes. In addition, a process risk assessment and population quality trend tracking provide data-based information for approval. Not only can this information serve as a further basis for decision-making by the regulatory authority regarding early warnings, but it can also reduce some avoidable adverse reactions. With continuous addition of data, dynamic population pharmaceutical quality is meaningful for emergencies and decision-making regarding drug regulation.

Recent research and development of thick CVD tungsten coatings for fusion application

As the interface closest to the edge plasma of a fusion reactor reacting deuterium (D) and tritium (T), plasma-facing material (PFM) need to withstand extreme service conditions with the high particle flux, high heat load, and neutrons with energy up to 14.1 MeV. Tungsten (W) is the primary candidate of PFMs in future fusion reactors due to its high melting point, good thermal conductivity, excellent irradiation resistance, and low hydrogen/helium retention. So far, powder metallurgy is a leading route for the preparation of W-based PFM. An alternative approach could be the coating technique, which has advantages on fabricating W PFMs and plasma-facing component (PFC) simultaneously. In the past several years, inspiring results were achieved in the preparation process and performance evaluation of the W coating with high purity, excellent thermal conductivity, and thickness at the millimeter level by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). No obvious grain growth and hardness decrease were observed when the annealing temperature was lower than 1500 °C, indicating its good thermal stability. The as-deposited coating exhibited a comparable thermal shock resistance with the conventional W bulk. While the polished sample showed a high crack threshold (0.33–0.44 GW·m−2) when exposed to edge localized mode like transient at room temperature, compared to the unpolished counterpart. Irradiation performance of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-W exposed to deuterium (D) plasma and fission neutron were also evaluated. Additionally, the practicality of preparation of large-scale W-based PFM by this technique is also demonstrated. This paper gives a short overview on the recent research and development status of the thick W coating prepared by APCVD at Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd and Southwestern Institute of Physics for using as PFM and PFC in fusion devices.

Current Status and Development Strategy for Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) in China

Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is considered to be a new alternative mode for agricultural development, which has developed rapidly in China and attracted the attention of scholars, because it shows great concern on food safety, environmental protection and sustainable development of agriculture. Based on a comprehensive analysis of a large number of documents at home and abroad, this paper reviews the research on community-supported agriculture from the perspective of its origin, development process, characteristics, modes, functions and problems, aiming at summarizing the experiences and current problems and demonstrating recent research and development status of CSA in China in hope of providing references for its practice and research. The key conclusions in this review are: (1) CSA has a short history in China, but it is developing rapidly; (2) Chain’s CSA is characterized by a cooperative network with food safety as the primary development goal, agricultural product distribution as the main operation mode, and trust as the basis; (3) China’s CSA lacks of government’s support, and develops roughly at a small-scale. (4) With unique modes and functions, China’s CSA is facing some problems such as management, funding, talents, markets, technology and consumers’ trust. The development of CSA in China needs joint efforts from government, producers and consumers. China’s CSA needs to rely on its own advantages, make full use of its economic, social, ecological and cultural functions, combine Internet and ecological agricultural technology and explore the local modes with Chinese characteristics.

Diffracted X-ray tracking method for recording single-molecule protein motions

BackgroundProteins change their conformation depending on function. Although a vast number of static pictures of proteins have been accumulated, information regarding their dynamics in function is limited. Diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT) is a good candidate to obtain the missing data. Scope of reviewA gold nanocrystal was attached to the target protein as a probe and the motion of the X-ray diffraction spots from the crystal corresponded to the motion of the target. Although it has advantages of high temporal (sub-millisecond) and spatial (approximately 0.1°) resolutions, it is not extensively utilized. This review focused on its effective application from a user's perspective. We also present an example with the KcsA channel and the status of recent developments to show the future possibilities of the method. Major conclusionsDXT is a powerful method to investigate intramolecular structural changes. For instance, in the KcsA channel, the method revealed a wave of conformational changes transmitted from the gate region to the end of the molecule. The method is continuously being developed, and users can choose an appropriate measurement system depending on the condition of their sample. General significanceRevealing the protein structural changes with respect to function is an important frontier. The most distinctive feature of the DXT method is that both high temporal and spatial resolutions are achievable, and it is possible to track the motions of multiple molecules at the same time. This feature is an advantage for screening molecules associated with the target proteins (e.g., ligands and medicines).

Bibliometric analysis on tendency and topics of artificial intelligence over last decade

Artificial intelligence (AI), together with its applications, has received world-wide attentions and is expected to exert force on the development of global economy and society in the future. By means of bibliometric method, the study aims at providing an overview on the research tendency and the most concerned topics of AI during the past decade. The database of Web of Science was chosen and the articles published in AI journals were retrieved. Top 10% of the yearly high-citation articles (12,301 articles) published since the year of 2008 were selected as sampling articles for the analysis. The bibliographic records were used for the overall analysis, and the core keywords were studied and classified into three categories (algorithm, general technology and application technology) for topics analysis. As results, number of articles in AI by year and country, the country collaboration and well-known institutes and researchers in AI were presented. Also we proposed and concluded the five most concerned topics, which are perception intelligence (1st), human mind simulated intelligence (2nd), classical model based machine learning (3rd), bio-inspired intelligence (4th), and big-data based intelligence (5th). It is the authors’ wish that the study were helpful for researchers to have an overall grasp of the recent status of AI development.

Applicable Standard Document References for Ageing Management Issues Related to Indonesian Research Reactors

The recent development status of nuclear power technology in Indonesia includes the operation of three research reactors: GA- Siwabessy, Kartini Yogyakarta, and Triga Mark II Bandung, which have been operating for 31, 39, and 54 years, respectively. With over 30 years of nuclear research reactor operation, one of the issues that come to fore is ageing management. Ageing management includes the duties and issues involved with management, maintenance, operation, monitoring, and refurbishment. Nuclear engineers, researchers, and officials working at the Indonesia Nuclear Energy Agency and Indonesia Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency have concerns and differing opinions on how these needed functions should be performed and implemented. Use of International Atomic Energy Agency technical documents is beneficial for many reasons, including the global basis and years of experience, however there are a variety of ageing management related documents that it is difficult to discern which ones are applicable to nuclear research reactor programs. This paper attempts to identify, clarify, and filter necessary ageing management documents to be used in the Indonesian nuclear research reactor program.

Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: a Review of Recent Advances and Future Research Directions.

This review describes (a) key features of the metacognitive model as they relate to anxiety and related disorders, (b) central components of metacognitive therapy (MCT), (c) the current empirical status of MCT, (d) recent developments, (e) controversies and (f) future research directions. Evidence is accumulating that MCT is effective for anxiety and related disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that MCT may be effective with children and adolescents and compares well to other evidence-supported treatments such as cognitive behaviour therapy and mindfulness-based approaches. Evidence for distinct mechanisms across therapies is mixed. While MCT appears to be effective for anxiety and related disorders, more research is required to evaluate (a) efficacy and unique (vs. common) mechanisms of change compared to other therapies, (b) effectiveness for children and adolescents, (c) alternative delivery methods (e.g., via internet, group vs. individual), (d) transdiagnostic impacts and (e) applications to a broader array of disorders.

Recent Status and Future Prospects of Coaxial-Cavity Gyrotron Development at KIT

Coaxial-cavity gyrotrons are microwave sources that can extend the possible power levels of hollow cavity gyrotrons significantly and make them attractive for future fusion experiments and power plants. KIT already demonstrated operation of a modular short-pulse 170 GHz coaxial-cavity gyrotron with an output power of 2.2 MW, operating in the TE34,19mode. Today’s focus of KIT is the verification of this technology at longer pulses, which will prove the long-pulse capabilities also. At the moment, the current KIT prototype has been extended with cooling capabilities for all critical, highly loaded components of the tube and two new, different electron guns are available for operation. This paper will give an overview about the recent status and the future prospects connected to the coaxial-cavity gyrotron development at KIT, including both experimental and theoretical activities.

Point Absorber Wave Energy Harvesters: A Review of Recent Developments

Even though ocean waves around the world are known to contain high and dense amounts of energy, wave energy harvesters are still not as mature as other forms of renewable energy harvesting devices, especially when it comes to commercialization, mass production, and grid integration, but with the recent studies and optimizations, the point absorber wave energy harvester might be a potential candidate to stand out as the best solution to harvest energy from highly energetic locations around the world’s oceans. This paper presents an extensive literature review on point absorber wave energy harvesters and covers their recent theoretical and experimental development. The paper focuses on three main parts: One-body point absorbers, two-body point absorbers, and power take-offs. This review showcases the high amount of work being done to push point absorbers towards technological maturity to eventually kick off commercialization and mass production. It should also provide a good background on the recent status of point absorber development for researchers in the field.

Development of dengue vaccines

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) causes up to 390 million infections yearly, of which 96 million are clinically manifested. Approximately 500,000 people with severe dengue require hospitalization each year and there are at least 25,000 deaths among children from Asian and Latin American countries. DENV is endemic in more than 100 countries. Chemical and biological controls have been implemented in targeting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, but these control practices failed to stem the dengue transmission. As a result, dengue vaccine has become a potential option recommended by WHO to be implemented in dengue endemic regions. Currently, several vaccine candidates are being evaluated in clinical studies. Amongst the vaccine candidates, live attenuated vaccines (LAV) are the furthest along the development pipeline. The most advanced vaccine, CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia) has been licensed in 19 countries. Several other live attenuated vaccines, as well as DNA, subunit, inactivated virus, viral-vectored and subunit-based vaccines, are under development and evaluation in preclinical or clinical studies. Each of the live-attenuated vaccine candidates targets on molecular determinants of virulence in DENV, with the emphasis on attenuating the DENV and inducing a balanced tetravalent immune response against all the four dengue serotypes. Aims: This review presents several different vaccine approaches and their construction strategies, providing an insight into the development of future dengue vaccines such as live attenuated vaccines, DNA vaccines, sub-unit protein vaccines and viral vectored vaccines. Methods: Recent development status of dengue vaccine candidates was reviewed based on the published data and an online registry for clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov) which is run by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Results: Increasing burden of dengue necessitates the development of a safe and efficacious tetravalent dengue vaccine. Various vaccine strategies are being developed for disease prevention, each has its own strengths and limitations. Dengvaxia is a licensed dengue vaccine in 19 countries but it has been suspended in the Philippines in December 2017 due to its potential risks in children <9 years of age and seronegative vaccinees. TDV was able to elicit neutralizing antibodies as well as cross protective T cell responses against all four dengue serotypes and protected mice and nonhuman primates against challenge with wild type DENV. Seroconversion was achieved in both seronegative and seropositive adults and children <1.5 years of age with a single dose. TV003/TV005 was able to elicit multifunctional T cell response in addition to the humoral response. Seroconversion in 90 per cent of seronegative adults was observed with a single dose of TV005. However, eliciting a balanced immune response against all the four dengue serotypes remained the major impediment. Conclusion : Dengvaxia has been launched in 11 countries but it has been withdrawn in the Philippines due to adverse effects in young children. Experimental vaccines such as TDV and TV003/TV005 are live attenuated vaccines which are currently in phase III clinical trials. Continued field trials will further our understanding of immune correlates of protection or risk.

Research & development and evaluation of oral films

Oral film is a new type of oral preparation. Due to portability, simple preparation process and good clinical compliance, oral films have become the focus of novel drug delivery system in recent years. Meanwhile, oral films have been gradually used in the development of Chinese medicine preparations. According to the application and approval situation of different types of oral films both at home and abroad in recent years, their research and development status was analyzed, including the basic concept, formulation, manufacturing process and quality control, as well as related progress and development prospects of oral films applied in traditional Chinese medicine. Some suggestions on the technical evaluation of oral films were put forward by considering specific requirements from regulatory agencies. This paper could provide some references for the development and evaluation of oral films. Due to the complexity of the drug substances and the particularity of the drug product, the development and application of oral films in traditional Chinese medicine are still faced with opportunity and challenges.

Current status of the reactor physics code WIMS and recent developments

The WIMS modular reactor physics code has been under continuous development for over fifty years. This paper discusses the current status of WIMS and recent developments, in particular developments to the resonance shielding methodology and 3D transport solvers. Traditionally, WIMS is used to perform 2D lattice calculations, typically to generate homogenized reactor physics parameters for a whole core code such as PANTHER. However, with increasing computational resources there has been a growing trend for performing transport calculations on larger problems, up to and including 3D full core models. To this end, a number of the WIMS modules have been parallelised to allow efficient performance for whole core calculations, and WIMS includes a 3D method of characteristics solver with reflective and once-through tracking methods, which can be used to analyse problems of varying size and complexity. A time-dependent flux solver has been incorporated and thermal-hydraulic modelling capability is also being added to allow steady-state and transient coupled calculations to be performed. WIMS has been validated against a range of experimental data and other codes, in particular for water and graphite moderated thermal reactors. Future developments will include improved parallelization, enhancing the thermal-hydraulic feedback models and validating the WIMS/PANTHER code system for BWRs and fast reactors.