Receipt Of Assistance Research Articles

Changes in severity of depression and borderline personality disorder symptoms from pregnancy to three years postpartum in adolescent mothers

BackgroundThe transition to motherhood is associated with the emergence or exacerbation of symptoms of emotional distress disorders for many women. Although adolescence is a developmental period of increased risk for mood disorders and emotion dysregulation among women, little is known about changes in emotional distress across the early postpartum years among adolescent mothers. We tested the hypothesis that symptoms of depression and borderline personality disorder (BPD) would differ between pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents, and that these differences would be maintained in the three years following delivery. MethodsData were drawn from the longitudinal Pittsburgh Girls Study: 307 adolescent mothers (14-18 years) and 307 never-pregnant adolescents, matched on age, race and household receipt of public assistance, self-reported severity of depression and BPD across four years. ResultsThere were no group differences on depression severity during or after pregnancy. However, compared with their non-pregnant peers, pregnant adolescents reported more severe BPD symptoms even after comorbid depression symptoms were accounted for, and this group difference was sustained during the following three years. LimitationsFindings are based on a community sample rather than a clinical sample, which may have limited the severity of symptoms captured. ConclusionsFindings suggest that adolescent mothers are a high-risk group for BPD symptoms during and after pregnancy, highlighting pregnancy as a critical window of opportunity to reduce morbidity among young mothers and potential negative effects on the next generation.

Criminal procedural guarantees of the rights of persons in proceedings with mutual legal assistance and in the order of adoption

The article is devoted to the issues related to the implementation of criminal procedural guarantees in the provision / receipt of international legal assistance and adoption proceedings. Emphasis is placed on the fact that in the scientific doctrine there is no established definition of criminal procedural guarantees in the provision / receipt of international legal assistance and in the implementation of proceedings by the way of adoption. It is proposed to understand them as a set of legally established methods and means (general and special), which ensure the effective implementation of the tasks of criminal proceedings, as well as prevent violations of procedural rights of persons involved, as well as their fundamental rights, freedoms and legitimate interests. The position of scholars on the separation of the following constituent elements in the system of criminal procedural guarantees is supported: criminal procedural form; general principles of criminal proceedings; procedural status of a person; criminal procedural mechanism for exercising the rights of the subjects of the criminal proceedings related to the provision / receipt of international legal assistance and the transfer of proceedings from the competent authorities of a foreign state. The disclosure of the content of criminal procedural guarantees, which are implemented in the studied procedural forms of international cooperation in criminal proceedings is through the prism of these interconnected and interdependent elements

Implementasi Metode Simple Additive Weighting Dalam Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerima Bantuan Program Sembako

Pahandut Seberang Village has an average middle to the lower level of economy in the community, so most of the people still need assistance from the government. In Pahandut Seberang Village, the selection of recipients of the Smbako program assistance is still the old way by using from paper. The assessment process is still not transparent in nature and the selection process is very slow and receipt of Sembako programs assistance are not being on target. Therefore, to overcome this problem, a Decision Support System (SPK) is created to help the Pahandut Seberang Village in selecting the recipients prospective of Sembako program assistance
 In designing and building the system are using 2 development methods, namely the Waterfall method as a software development method and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method as a decision support system method in its calculations. Where the saw method has 4 stages, namely determining the criteria, determining the suitability, making a decision matrix based on the criteria and normalizing the. The final result is obtained from the ranking, namely the sum of the normalized matrix multiplication R with the weight vector so that the largest value sas a solution.
 This system testing uses a Black-box testing system. The test results show that the system created has been running according to the expectations of the researcher. This research produces a decision support system for selection of the recipients prospective that can provide recommendations for the recipients prospective the Pahandut Seberang village.

Financial hardship and social assistance as determinants of mental health and food and housing insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

BackgroundWhile social assistance through the U.S. federal CARES Act provided expanded unemployment insurance benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic until the summer of 2020, it is unclear whether social assistance was sufficient in subsequent months to meet everyday spending needs and to curb the adverse health-related sequelae of financial hardship.MethodsUsing multivariable Poisson log-binomial regression and repeated cross-sectional Household Pulse Survey data between September and December 2020 on 91,222 working-aged U.S. adults and 28,842 adult housing renters, this study explored the associations of financial hardship with mental health outcomes and food and housing insecurity after accounting for receipt of social assistance.ResultsFinancial hardship rose progressively from September to December 2020, and disproportionately affected Black non-Hispanic and Hispanic Americans and lower-income households. Experiencing considerable financial hardship (vs no hardship) predicted nearly 3-fold higher risks of anxiety and depressive symptoms (e.g., adjusted prevalence ratio, PR of depression = 2.75, 95% CI = 2.54–2.98, P < .001), a 23-fold higher risk of food insufficiency (PR = 22.71, 95% CI = 15.62–33.01, P < .001), and a 27-fold higher risk of a likely eviction (PR = 27.20, 95% CI = 10.63–69.59, P < .001). Across outcomes, these relationships were stronger at each successively higher level of financial hardship (all P values for linear trend <0.001), and more than offset benefits from social assistance.ConclusionsEven after accounting for social assistance receipt, working-aged adults experiencing financial hardship had markedly greater risks of anxiety and depressive symptoms, food insufficiency, and an anticipated housing eviction. These findings point to the urgent need for direct and sustained cash relief well in excess of current levels of social assistance to mitigate the pandemic's adverse impacts on the well-being of millions of Americans, including vulnerable minority and low-income populations.

EFEKTIVITAS BANTUAN BEDAH RUMAH TERHADAP FAKIR MISKIN (Studi di Kecamatan Gu Kabupaten Buton Tengah)

The purpose of this study was to determine the process of implementing house renovation assistance and its effectiveness for the poor in Kamama Mekar Village and Rahia Village in Gu Subdistrict, Central Buton Regency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by selecting informants by purposive sampling. The iformants in this study were the Consultant Team in implementing house renovation assistance, the Village Head, the Head of Customs/Hamlet and the Community who received assistance. The results showed the process of implementing house renovations in Kamama Mekar and Rahia villages. First, data collection was carried out by each hamlet head in each village. Second, a location review carried out by each Village Head to ensure the accuracy of the data on the receipt of house renovation assistance. Third, verification of data from the ministry for further action and Fourth, the process of house renovation assistance that is carried out in each hamlet in the village to communities that are eligible for their place of residence in rehab or who areentitled to receive house renovation assistance. After the house renovation assistance processs is carried out, it is seen from the effectiveness as stated by Edy Sutrisno that the effectiveness in dicator consists of First, understanding the program. Where the understanding of this program can be seen to what extent the community can understand these programs. Second, right on target, as stated by Bernard, that effectiveness is a dynamic condition of a series of processes for the implementation of tasks and functions of work in accordance with the objectives and targets of the program policies that have been set, with this conceptual definition a dimension of study is obtained, namely the dimension of program effectiveness. Third, on time in the process of implementing the construction of alivable house renovation program for the community in Kamama Mekar Village and Rahia Village, it has adjusted to the time set by the Central Buton Regency PUPR Service. And Fourth, real change, namely a program seen through the extent to which program activities give an effect or impact before and after the program has made changes to all related aspects.

Sustaining the integrity of the threatened self: A cluster-randomised trial among social assistance applicants in the Netherlands.

Stereotypes and stigma associated with living on welfare or a low income can be a psychological threat that hampers performance and undermines aspirations. Our paper explores the potential of a novel self-affirmation intervention to mitigate such adverse impacts. The intervention comprises a verbal self-affirmation exercise for applicants during their first meeting with a caseworker. We conduct a cluster-randomised trial among a sample of 174 applicants for social assistance benefits in a Social Services office in Maastricht, the Netherlands. We measure outcomes on feelings of self-worth, stress, societal belonging, job search behaviour self-efficacy and cognitive performance immediately after the meeting. In our full sample, the intervention has a negative impact on feelings of societal belonging, but no effect on other outcomes. Effects, however, vary by subgroups. Our treatment increases negative feelings of self-worth and negatively affects societal belonging, but also improves cognitive performance among the group that had paid work in the previous two years. By contrast, self-affirmation positively impacts job search behaviour self-efficacy and cognitive performance for individuals who face increased challenges to (re)integrate into the labour market, proxied by lower levels of education or social assistance receipt in the previous two years. Since our intervention gives rise to testing more than one null hypothesis, we control the false discovery rate using the Benjamini-Hochberg approach. Our findings are sobering. Effects only remain significant for negative feelings of self-worth and improved cognitive performance for one particular subgroup: individuals with paid work in the past two years. This suggests self-affirmation may have reminded them of the time they still had a job, hence creating a backlash effect on feelings of self-worth. At the same time, they may have felt a need to distinguish themselves from others on social assistance benefits resulting in better cognitive performance. These interpretations are consistent with theory and empirical evidence on social identity and self-categorisation. We discuss the implications of our results and outline avenues for future work.

Mental health problems in youth and later receipt of social assistance: do parental resources matter?

ABSTRACT In this article, we study the association between mental health problems in adolescence and early adulthood and later receipt of social assistance in the capital region of Finland. Using register data and following a cohort of adolescents to their early adulthood, we also examine whether the strength of this association varies according to household income during adolescence. We find that mental health problems from the ages of 16–17 and thereafter were associated with the receipt of social assistance at age 24, and more strongly among those with lower household income during their adolescence. Importantly, the same disorder groups emerged as the most important ones in predicting the use of social assistance across income quintiles. In this sense, we find similarity regardless of parental resources. This evidence is important for better understanding the mechanisms between circumstances during adolescence and later socioeconomic outcomes, including benefit use, yet the underlying factors should be studied further.

The Impacts of COVID-19 on Unpaid Carers of Adults with Long-Term Care Needs and Measures to Address these Impacts: A Rapid Review of Evidence up to November 2020

<strong>Context:</strong> Unpaid carers are the backbone of long-term care (LTC) systems around the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has further increased the pressure many unpaid carers experience; however, their experience has been largely absent from public reporting. <strong>Objective:</strong> We aim to map the available evidence of the impacts of COVID-19 on unpaid carers of adults (&gt;18 years) with LTC needs as well as of measures implemented to mitigate these effects and how well they have worked. <strong>Method:</strong> We conducted a rapid review of the academic and grey literature on unpaid carers of adults with LTC needs during the COVID-19 pandemic, covering the period until November 2020. <strong>Findings:</strong> We identified six key themes that highlight the impacts of COVID-19 on unpaid carers of people living in the community. These are: care commitment, concerns related to COVID-19, availability of formal and informal support, financial implications, carer health and well-being, and carers’ adaptability. In addition, we captured aspects identified by unpaid carers supporting people in residential care settings under the theme ‘carers of people in residential settings’. Finally, we reported evidence of measures implemented to mitigate the impacts on carers. This included the use of technology and the receipt of financial assistance and support for working carers. <strong>Limitations:</strong> The evidence reported in this review is based largely on cross-sectional data and some of the data reported relies on convenience samples. <strong>Implications:</strong> We highlight the financial and health impacts that many unpaid carers experience. Given the vital support carers provide to adults with LTC needs, policy makers should consider supporting unpaid carers to mitigate the negative impacts on their lives.

Overall mortality in older people receiving physician-led home visits: a multicentre prospective study in Japan.

BackgroundJapan has the most rapidly ageing population in the world. The Japanese government has, therefore, promoted physician-led home health care for frail and disabled people.ObjectivesTo describe mortality among older people receiving physician-led health care at home or at a nursing home in Japan and to identify risk factors.MethodsThis was a multicentre prospective cohort study. Participants were aged ≥65 years and had started to receive regular physician-led health care at home or at nursing homes from 13 facilities between 1 February 2013 and 31 January 2016. The observation period ended on 31 January 2017. We used a biopsychosocial approach for exploratory analysis of 13 variables to identify mortality risk factors.ResultsThe median (25th to 75th percentile) observation time was 417 (121–744) days. Of 825 participants, 380 died. The total cumulative survival for 180, 360, 720 and 1440 days was 73.4% (95% confidence interval: 70.2–76.3), 64.2% (60.8–67.5), 52.6% (48.8–56.3) and 34.6% (23.5–46.0). The Kaplan–Meier cumulative survival curve showed a steep drop during the first 6 months of observation. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that sex (male), high Charlson Comorbidity Index score, low serum albumin level, low Barthel Index score, receipt of oxygen therapy, high Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia score and non-receipt of public assistance were associated with mortality.ConclusionsOverall mortality in physician-led home visits in Japan was described and mortality risk factors identified. Public assistance receipt was associated with lower mortality.

Associations between gambling severity and criminal convictions: implications for the welfare state

This study addresses criminal convictions, social disadvantage and problem gambling as an interwoven set of problems. It makes use of data from a population-based gambling survey (n = 7,186) conducted in three Finnish regions. The survey data are combined with national registers to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and gambling severity, comparing persons with and without a criminal record. Gambling behavior included past-year (2016) gambling severity and perceived life-time problem gambling. Social disadvantage was assessed using sociodemographic factors such as education, employment status, level of income and receipt of basic social assistance. Logistic regression analysis showed that both past-year problem or pathological gambling (OR: 2.725) and perceived life-time gambling problems (OR: 2.363) were associated with having a conviction, compared to recreational gambling. Low education, unemployment, low income and receipt of basic social assistance were associated with receiving a conviction. When gender, age and sociodemographic factors were controlled for, odds ratios for both past-year gambling problems (OR: 1.223) and perceived life-time gambling problems (OR: 1.586) did not remain statistically significant. The current study suggests that preventive efforts against problem gambling and interventions in criminal justice systems should be expanded to incorporate the aim of reducing social disadvantage.

Mobile Application to Identify Cancer Treatment-Related Financial Assistance: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE:Insured patients with cancer face high treatment-related, out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and often cannot access financial assistance. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of Bridge, a patient-facing app designed to identify eligible financial resources for patients. We hypothesized that patients using Bridge would experience greater OOP cost reduction than controls.METHODS:We enrolled patients with cancer who had OOP expenses from January 2018 to March 2019. We randomly assigned patients 1:1 to intervention (Bridge) versus control (financial assistance educational websites). Primary and secondary outcomes were self-reported OOP costs and subjective financial distress 3 months postenrollment. In post hoc analyses, we analyzed application for and receipt of financial assistance at 3 months postenrollment. We used chi-square, Mann-Whitney tests, and logistic regression to compare study arms.RESULTS:We enrolled 200 patients. The median age was 57 years (IQR, 47.0-63.0). Most patients had private insurance (71%), and the median household income was $62,000 in US dollars (USD) (IQR, $36,000-$100,000 [USD]). Substantial missing data precluded assessment of primary and secondary outcomes. In post hoc analyses, patients in the Bridge arm were more likely than controls to both apply for and receive financial assistance.CONCLUSION:We were unable to test our primary outcome because of excessive missing follow-up survey data. In exploratory post hoc analyses, patients who received a financial assistance app were more likely to apply for and receive financial assistance. Ultimately, our study highlights challenges faced in identifying measurable outcomes and retaining participants in a randomized, controlled trial of a mobile app to alleviate financial toxicity.

Deserving of Social Support? Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Decisions on EU Migrants’ Benefit Claims in Germany

Migration raises the question of how street-level bureaucrats treat non-citizens when it comes to the distribution of limited welfare resources. Based on a German case study, this article reveals how local social administrators rationalise practices of inclusion in and exclusion from social assistance receipt and associated labour market integration services for mobile EU citizens, who are perceived first and foremost as ‘foreigners’. The findings from fifty-five qualitative interviews with job centre representatives show how politics of exclusion are justified by nationalistic and ethnic criteria of membership. Insofar as EU migrants are considered outsiders to the imagined welfare community of their host country, they are seen as less deserving than German-born claimants. However, mobile EU citizens can earn their legitimacy to access benefit receipt through sustained participation in the host society, demonstrating knowledge of the German language and societal norms so as to appear ‘German’. Such a cultural performance-based logic of deservingness tends to be intertwined with nationality-based and racialising stereotypes of welfare fraud to frame exclusionary practice.

Parental death in childhood and pathways to increased mortality across the life course in Stockholm, Sweden: A cohort study.

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that the experience of parental death during childhood is associated with increased mortality risk. However, few studies have examined potential pathways that may explain these findings. The aim of this study is to examine whether familial and behavioural factors during adolescence and socioeconomic disadvantages in early adulthood mediate the association between loss of a parent at age 0 to 12 and all-cause mortality by the age of 63.Methods and findingsA cohort study was conducted using data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study for 12,615 children born in 1953, with information covering 1953 to 2016. Familial and behavioural factors at age 13 to 19 included psychiatric and alcohol problems in the surviving parent, receipt of social assistance, and delinquent behaviour in the offspring. Socioeconomic disadvantage in early adulthood included educational attainment, occupational social class, and income at age 27 to 37. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models, combined with a multimediator analysis, to separate direct and indirect effects of parental death on all-cause mortality.Among the 12,582 offspring in the study (men 51%; women 49%), about 3% experienced the death of a parent in childhood. During follow-up from the age of 38 to 63, there were 935 deaths among offspring. Parental death was associated with an elevated risk of mortality after adjusting for demographic and household socioeconomic characteristics at birth (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.52 [95% confidence interval: 1.10 to 2.08, p-value = 0.010]). Delinquent behaviour in adolescence and income during early adulthood were the most influential mediators, and the indirect associations through these variables were HR 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06, 0.029) and HR 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07, 0.029), respectively. After accounting for these indirect paths, the direct path was attenuated to HR 1.35 (0.98 to 1.85, 0.066). The limitations of the study include that the associations may be partly due to genetic, social, and behavioural residual confounding, that statistical power was low in some of the subgroup analyses, and that there might be other relevant paths that were not investigated in the present study.ConclusionsOur findings from this cohort study suggest that childhood parental death is associated with increased mortality and that the association was mediated through a chain of disadvantages over the life course including delinquency in adolescence and lower income during early adulthood. Professionals working with bereaved children should take the higher mortality risk in bereaved offspring into account and consider its lifelong consequences. When planning and providing support to bereaved children, it may be particularly important to be aware of their increased susceptibility to delinquency and socioeconomic vulnerability that eventually lead to higher mortality.

Changing the Game: The Continuous Adaptation of Resilient Single Mothers

This paper explores theoretical and conceptual developments in our understanding of resilience as these apply to single mother-led families. Rather than the earlier and simpler notion that resilience implied 'bouncing back' we suggest, consistent with work by other resilience scholars, that the varied demonstrations of resilience are a ‘changing of the game'. By this we mean that resilience involves the creation of new outcomes, or, new ways of being through constant adaptation. Further, we argue this transformation to resilient ways of being occurs across all categories of resilience. This is a significant contribution of this work as we submit that even for those single mothers who appear to be just coping, their behaviours manifest significant and strategic adaptation. This important finding suggests critically new and important ways in which the life experiences and adaptive responses of single mothers should be perceived. The findings and analyses offered here derive from feminist, participatory research with 18 single mothers in focus groups and 20 in semi-structured interviews. Following the requisite ethics review processes and ensuring the confidentiality of all data, we utilized this extensive data set to examine these mothers' responses to their experiences of adversity. These included the transitions associated with family break up, solo parenting, the stigma associated with being a single mom, loss of financial security (which often necessitated social assistance receipt) and for some, coping with abuse-induced trauma. Based on these findings, we offer policy and practice implications in relation to lone mothers and their families. Among others are suggestions that social workers and other frontline practitioners better recognize and appreciate the achievements that might be demonstrated by ‘just coping' and policy changes that support families through family break up.

Fuel poverty policy: Go big or go home insulation

Using the Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) data for 2005 and 2015, we quantify key factors contributing to fuel poverty dimensions in the United States. Our results suggest some differences in explanations for two key fuel-poverty dimensions of unaffordability and inadequacy. Explanatory variables with positive associations with the unaffordability aspect include binary variables for renting and vulnerability signalled by prior receipt of energy assistance. Education and dwelling insulation are negatively associated with unaffordability aspects of fuel poverty. Solar panels might also be beneficial in this context. Insulation and prior receipt of energy assistance have consistent associations across both the unaffordability and inadequacy aspects of fuel poverty. We find no evidence of an association of renting or education with the inadequacy aspect of fuel poverty, in contrast to the case for the unaffordability aspect. Our results suggest that a policy providing small-scale assistance is not likely to substantially improve fuel poverty outcomes. However, a greater focus on home insulation and other big investments such as solar panels could be a more effective and transformative policy alternative.

Understanding the socioeconomic profile of people who experienced opioid overdoses in British Columbia, 2014 to 2016.

Following the 2016 opioid overdose emergency declaration in British Columbia (B.C.), provincial stakeholders collaborated to link data that resulted in the B.C. Provincial Overdose Cohort. This database provides information about people who have experienced opioid overdoses to inform policy and intervention developments. Subsequently, Statistics Canada likewise constructed a cohort and integrated federal data to broaden the scope of the B.C. initiative. This provided federally sourced information about people's circumstances that was not otherwise available. The Statistics Canada British Columbia Opioid Overdose Analytical File further characterizes the socioeconomic circumstances of 13,318 people who experienced illicit drug toxicity deaths and non-fatal opioid overdoses in B.C. between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016. Statistics Canada linked federal data on immigration, employment, the justice system and social assistance receipt in the year of, and prior to, people's first overdose. During the observation period, most people (78%) had one overdose episode, rather than several. Seven percent were immigrants or temporary residents, 41% of whom arrived in Canada more than 20 years before their index overdose. Half (49.6%) had not received social assistance, and one-third (33.8%) were employed-primarily within construction (21% of those employed)-in the year prior to their index overdose. Most employed people (65.5%) experienced periods of unemployment within five years prior to their index overdose. Employment was more prevalent among people who experienced illicit-drug toxicity death (36.1%). About 60% of people had not had any formal police contact within the two years prior to the index overdose. This project demonstrated further added value to existing data by using this linkage approach and aligned with strategies underway by BC public health partners to provide cross-sectoral evidence to inform efforts to prevent and manage opioid overdoses.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemberian Bantuan Kepada Keluarga Kurang Mampu Menggunakan Metode AHP

Poverty is a problem that is still faced by several countries in the world, especially in Indonesia. Poverty is a condition / condition of the inability of individuals / groups of people to meet the necessities of life, both physical and economic conditions. The system of providing assistance carried out by the Social Service of North Sumatra Province uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. The method used in this aid system is the Analytical Hierarchy Process method in the Social Service of North Sumatra Province. The results of the weighted assumptions for each criterion are relative in nature. The criteria used in determining the receipt of assistance are job criteria, income criteria, nutritional consumption criteria (chicken, meat, milk), criteria for sources of information, criteria for medical ability, criteria for the last education of the head of the family. The method used in this research is the AHP method. AHP method is one of the methods used in the Decision Support System to determine the provision of this assistance is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). After getting the consistency index value, then look for the consistency ratio value (CR) by dividing the consistency index by the consistency random index (RI), namely CR = C1 / R1 CR = 0.09975 / 1.24 = 0.0891, the requirement for consistency CR &lt;0.1 then the CR value that is obtained from the comparison above it is consistent.

Coronavirus disease 2019, food security and maternal mental health in Ceará, Brazil: a repeated cross-sectional survey.

To quantify the change in the risk of food insecurity and maternal mental disorder (MMD) before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Repeated cross-sectional survey. Between 17 July and 10 September 2020, mother-child pairs who were enrolled in a population-based survey in 2017 were re-contacted by telephone for consent and to complete a telephonic COVID-19 survey. We used the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale to assess food security and the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 to assess MMD. McNemar's test for paired data that also accounted for clustering was used. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of unemployment and receipt of government assistance with food insecurity and MMD in 2020. Ceará, Brazil. Five hundred and seventy-seven mother-child pairs completed the 2017 and 2020 surveys. At the time of the 2020 interview, the child cohort was 36-108 months of age. The proportion of mothers reporting food insecurity was 15·5 % higher (95 % CI 5·9, 25·1, P value < 0·001) during the pandemic in July-August 2020 as compared with November 2017, while the prevalence of MMD was 40·2 % higher during the pandemic (95 % CI 32·6, 47·8, P value < 0·001). Loss of formal employment was associated with increased risk of food insecurity, but not with the risk of MMD. The risk of food insecurity and MMD in Ceará increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight the need for policies and interventions to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health, nutrition and well-being in Brazil.

Pensamentos e sentimentos sobre envelhecimento: um estudo das representações sociais em produtores rurais de Diamantino – MT

INTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento humano é um fenômeno mundial que pode ser analisado como um processo natural, contínuo, progressivo e irreversível, onde há alterações orgânicas, psicológicas e morfofuncionais. O processo de envelhecer é visto de forma diferenciada em cada cultura, podendo ser marcado por aspectos positivos e negativos. OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo objetivou analisar os pensamentos e sentimentos sobre envelhecimento para pequenos e grandes produtores rurais do município de Diamantino – MT. MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa, 28 produtores rurais do município de Diamantino – MT, do sexo masculino e idade entre 65 e 87 anos; 64,3% tem Ensino Fundamental Incompleto; 67,9% é casado e moram com suas esposas, e/ou filhos e/ou netos. A respeito do recebimento sócio assistencial, 50% recebem aposentadoria, 17,9% recebem algum Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) e 17,9% não recebe aposentadoria e nem benefício. Os entrevistados foram divididos em dois grupos: o primeiro composto por produtores rurais cuja posse de propriedade(s) não ultrapassa 100 hectares classificado como pequeno produtor, e o segundo por produtores com propriedade(s) que totalizam mais de 100 hectares. Para a análise, utilizou-se a Teoria das Representações Sociais e o método de análise de conteúdo do discurso. RESULTADOS: Os sentimentos e pensamentos sobre envelhecimento foram classificadas nas seguintes categorias emergentes do construto envelhecimento: Enfrentamento (46,42%), Desespero (21,42%), Integridade (14,28%), Sujeição/Submissão (3,57%), Agressão (3,57%) e sem sentido (10,71%), que são apresentadas neste artigo pela amostra geral, contendo as informações dos pequenos e grandes produtores. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Os pensamentos e sentimentos atribuídos ao envelhecimento estão relacionados ao bem-estar e qualidade de vida, e a capacidade funcional, nível socioeconômico, estado emocional, interação social, atividade intelectual, autocuidado, suporte familiar, estado de saúde, religiosidade, entre outros.

The Association of Advanced Math Course-Taking by American Youth on Subsequent Receipt of Public Assistance

Helping people move to independence is often cited as a primary goal of public assistance policies in the United States. Over the past several decades, welfare reform efforts in the US have promoted the idea of a work-first approach. Research shows that this approach has discouraged or at least made it harder for some students to attend college while meeting the work requirements for aid. How can those students who need public assistance increase their chances of finding a sustainable job and thus not need to rely on the public support system after high school? To address this question, this study used a sample of 3,384 student responses from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and a recursive bivariate probit model to analyze the association between advanced math course-taking in high school and the probability of subsequent receipt of public assistance. The empirical results suggest that taking advanced math courses in high school is associated with a lower probability of receiving public assistance for recent graduates. These findings are particularly important for school social workers who work in conjunction with teachers and school counselors to help at-risk students improve their chances of future financial independence.