Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of using pars plana vitreoretinal surgery (PPVR) combined with scleral encircling operation and PPVR alone in patients of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with high risk of postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Methods A retrospective study.Seventy-four eyes of 74 patients of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with high risk of PVR were collected including retinal detachment more than two quadrants, retinal tears range more than 1 clock, preoperative PVR, or vitreous hemorrhage.The patients were randomly divided into two groups: 23 G PPVR alone group (36 cases)and PPVR combined with scleral encircling groups (38 cases). The conditions of patients in two groups were similar.The follow-up time was more than 3 months.The reattachment rates by single surgery between two groups were compared. Results The reattachment rate by single surgery in combined surgery group was 78.95%which was significantly higher than 44.44% in PPVR alone group (F=0.026, P=0.025). Conclusion For patients with high risk of PVR, PPV combined with scleral encircling has higher success rate of anatomical reattachment compared with PPV alone. Key words: Retinal detachment, rhegmatogenous; Vitreoretinal surgery; Scleral encircling