Reasonable Mechanism Research Articles

Relation‐Level User Behavior Modeling for Click‐Through Rate Prediction

AbstractMany recent user behavior based click‐through rate models adopt a similar item‐level paradigm: learn the user representation from a list of item representations via a sequence model and/or a pooling mechanism. However, sequence models are usually sensitive to the exact order of the behavior sequence, while item‐level pooling mechanisms simply neglect the chronological information. In this paper, we balance the two approaches by decomposing the long item sequence into a group of extremely short sequences (item pairs) and conducting relational reasoning on them. More specifically, the relational reasoning mechanism consists of two parts, which are designed for capturing various transitional patterns in the behavior sequences. An attentive pooling layer is employed to emphasize those relation‐level signals that are highly related to the target item. Therefore, our approach is essentially a middle ground between the previous two approaches. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we conduct extensive experiments on three public datasets. Experimental results show that our methods achieve better performance than others. Besides, we explore the properties of our model and verify the effectiveness of each component by controlled experiments. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Study of microstructural and mechanical anisotropy of 7075 Al deposits fabricated by cold spray additive manufacturing

In this work, microstructural and mechanical anisotropy in cold spray additively manufactured (CSAMed) 7075 Al deposits were studied in detail. For clarity, spray gun traverse direction, pass interval direction and deposition direction were defined as the X, Y and Z, respectively. Tensile tests for two different groups of samples were carried out in different orientations to study the in-plane and three-dimensional anisotropy of CSAMed 7075 Al deposits. Fracture morphology of the specimens was studied by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to examine particle–particle interface bonding. The results revealed that there exists a strong microstructural and mechanical anisotropy in the CSAMed deposits. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) gradually decreased as the tensile direction changed from X/Y to Z direction. Further, crack propagation behavior was uniform in XY plane but a strong anisotropy was resulted in the planes that were perpendicular to XY plane. The underlying reason and possible mechanism related to this anisotropy was discussed in detail.

Study on the Mechanism of SO2 Poisoning of MnOx/PG for Lower Temperature SCR by Simple Washing Regeneration

Manganese oxide-supported palygorskite (MnOx/PG) catalysts are considered highly efficient for low-temperature SCR of NOx. However, the MnOx/PG catalyst tends to be poisoned by SO2. The effect of SO2 on activity of the SO2-pretreated poisoning catalysts under ammonia-free conditions was explored. It was determined that the MnOx/PG catalyst tends to be considerably deactivated by SO2 in the absence of ammonia and that water-washed regeneration can completely recover activity of the deactivated catalyst. Based on these results and characterizations of the catalysts, a reasonable mechanism for the deactivation of MnOx/PG catalyst by SO2 was proposed in this study. SO2 easily oxidized to SO3 on the surface of the catalyst, leading to the formation of polysulfuric acid, wrapping of the active component and blocking the micropores. The deactivation of the MnOx/PG catalyst is initially caused by the formation of polysulfuric rather than the deposition of ammonia sulfate, which occurs later.

The impact of government intervention measures on recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment in China considering consumer decision

The Chinese government introduces a series of intervention measures to promote the collecting and recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). However, under the current government intervention measures, the enthusiasm of stakeholders to participate is not high. Therefore, it is necessary to study the evolution of each stakeholder's willingness to participate under government intervention measures. This paper regards consumers as the stakeholder to construct a four-party evolutionary game model composed of the government, consumers, the collector, and the recycler and studies the dynamic evolution strategy of each stakeholder and the stable strategy of the evolutionary game model. The results indicate that providing incentive measures may not necessarily enable stakeholders to participate in the collecting and recycling of WEEE. In addition, even if no incentive measures are given, as long as the government strictly supervises and takes severe penalty measures, this also can enable consumers, the collector, and the recycler to participate in the collecting and recycling of WEEE. This paper provides a theoretical tool for the government to formulate a reasonable government intervention mechanism and also provides reference and guidance for other countries with a low WEEE recycling rate to improve their own intervention measures.

Argumentation schemes for clinical decision support

This paper demonstrates how argumentation schemes can be used in decision support systems that help clinicians in making treatment decisions. The work builds on the use of computational argumentation, a rigorous approach to reasoning with complex data that places strong emphasis on being able to justify and explain the decisions that are recommended. The main contribution of the paper is to present a novel set of specialised argumentation schemes that can be used in the context of a clinical decision support system to assist in reasoning about what treatments to offer. These schemes provide a mechanism for capturing clinical reasoning in such a way that it can be handled by the formal reasoning mechanisms of formal argumentation. The paper describes how the integration between argumentation schemes and formal argumentation may be carried out, sketches how this is achieved by an implementation that we have created and illustrates the overall process on a small set of case studies.

Linking users as private partners of utility tunnel public–private partnership projects

Linking users as private partners of utility tunnel public–private partnership (PPP) projects means treating users as internal core stakeholders in the designing, building, and operating phases, which is beneficial for precisely determining user needs, enhancing operational efficiency, and reducing user opposition. However, tunnel PPP projects are quasi-commercial projects, and users are not motivated to become linked. A reasonable incentive mechanism must thus be set up based on a systematic analysis of usersꞌ behaviors and incentive measures. Users of tunnel PPP projects were categorized as high- and low-cost users according to the difference in their traditional direct-buried costs. An evolutionary game model was established incrementally to investigate the incentive factors and their priority affecting the willingness and degree of users to be linked in tunnel PPP projects. The theoretical model was verified with a real Chinese tunnel PPP project, which suggested that the optimized scheme under the incentive mechanism is more efficient than the original solution. The research results indicate that the main factors influencing usersꞌ willingness and degree of being linked are the government subsidy rate, price discount rate, probability of enjoying a price discount, capital proportion, capital appreciation rate, and synergistic operational rate.

Saudi Airlines Cabin Crew Performance Appraisal Using Artificial Intelligence - The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System

This paper targets the application of artificial intelligence in improving and developing performance through the reduction of human error and the development of fair judgment in the performance of different activities. It focuses on Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for the Saudi Airlines cabin crew. Among the findings of the research was that the training error is that the difference between the training data output value and the output of the fuzzy inference system and that the fuzzy linguistic variables are not clear when applied in the performance evaluation system. The study applied a case study to analyze an adaptive neural inference system and rate it to the impact it could create on the cabin crew. The study concluded that in conducting the performance appraisal of the employees some factors such as work goals, and information on the effectiveness of goals must be considered. Also, the lack of a formal reasoning mechanism supporting the inference and evaluations is a critical challenge in performance appraisal; hence, the application of artificial intelligence in the evaluation of the performance of employees in an organization could significantly impact the employees in working towards a common goal.

Fabrication of S-scheme ZnO/Zn3(PO4)2 heterojunction photocatalyst toward photodegradation of tetracycline antibiotic and photocatalytic mechanism insight

In this work, a S-scheme ZnO/Zn3(PO4)2 heterojunction photocatalyst was fabricated by a simple co-precipitation manner under reflux condition. The ZnO/Zn3(PO4)2 heterostructured nanocomposite was employed for the degradation of tetracycline antibiotic under UV and visible light irradiation. The structure, composition, morphology, and optical properties of the as-synthesized ZnO/Zn3(PO4)2 products were characterized by XRD, EDS, FESEM, TEM, UV–Vis DRS, and PL measurements. The hybrid ZnO/Zn3(PO4)2 nanoparticles exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency in the degradation of tetracycline under ultraviolet (97%) and visible (82%) light irradiation, which was ∼1.5 times more than sole Zn3(PO4)2 nanostructures. The promoted light harvesting and generated heterojunction interfaces between ZnO and Zn3(PO4)2 can obviously reduce the recombination rate of charge carriers in the ZnO/Zn3(PO4)2 heterostructure. Moreover, a reasonable photocatalytic mechanism of the UV and visible light-induced degradation of antibiotic over ZnO/Zn3(PO4)2 nanocomposites is suggested. The results indicated that under UV, the mechanism follows from the S-scheme in the presence of •O2− and •OH as predominant species, while upon visible, the type-II heterojunction utilizing •O2− as prevailing radical is possible.

Selective Mild Oxidation of Anilines into Nitroarenes by Catalytic Activation of Mesoporous Frameworks Linked with Gold-Loaded Mn3 O4 Nanoparticles.

This work reports the synthesis and catalytic application of mesoporous Au-loaded Mn3 O4 nanoparticle assemblies (MNAs) with different Au contents, i. e., 0.2, 0.5 and 1 wt %, towards the selective oxidation of anilines into the corresponding nitroarenes. Among common oxidants, as well as several supported gold nanoparticle platforms, Au/Mn3 O4 MNAs containing 0.5 wt % Au with an average particle size of 3-4 nm show the best catalytic performance in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a mild oxidant. In all cases, the corresponding nitroarenes were isolated in high to excellent yields (85-97 %) and selectivity (>98 %) from acetonitrile or greener solvents, such as ethyl acetate, after simple flash chromatography purification. The 0.5 % Au/Mn3 O4 catalyst can be isolated and reused four times without a significant loss of its activity and can be applied successfully to a lab-scale reaction of p-toluidine (1 mmol) leading to the p-nitrotulene in 83 % yield. The presence of AuNPs on the Mn3 O4 surface enhances the catalytic activity for the formation of the desired nitroarene. A reasonable mechanism was proposed including the plausible formation of two intermediates, the corresponding N-aryl hydroxylamine and the nitrosoarene.

Construction of 2D/2D Bi2WO6/BN heterojunction for effective improvement on photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

Bi2WO6/BN heterojunction photocatalyst with high catalytic activity has been successfully constructed by the solvothermal synthesis. It is worth noting that the formation of superoxide radicals (·O2-) and hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) benefit from the formation of heterojunctions, which effectively degrade pollutants. The photocatalytic activities of the optimal sample for tetracycline (TC) and ofloxacin (OFL) degradation efficiency reached almost 99.1% and 94.66% under visible-light irradiation, respectively. It is mainly because the addition of BN not only provided more active sites for the catalyst but also improved the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs. It can be found that h+ and·O2- played a major role in the degradation process through the active species quenching experiment. Furthermore, the possible photocatalytic degradation pathways of TC were revealed by analyzing intermediates and a reasonable photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. Moreover, Bi2WO6/BN heterojunctions were endowed with excellent recycling and stability. Therefore, this research illustrated that two dimensions/two dimensions (2D/2D) Bi2WO6/BN heterojunction may hold a great prospect for the degradation of antibiotics in wastewater.

Quantifying influences of administrative division adjustment on PM2.5 pollution in China's mega-urban agglomerations

China's mega-urban agglomerations have experienced severe particulate matter pollution that is accompanied by rapid economic growth and extensive administrative division adjustment (ADA). However, the precise roles of ADA on the environmental quality are unknown. Using the geographical detector and evolution tree model, this study quantifies the effects and mechanisms of ADA on the changes in PM2.5 concentration in three mega-urban agglomerations: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Pearl River Delta (PRD) during 2000–2017. Our results showed that: (1) ADA had strong positive effects on PM2.5 concentrations in the 0–6 years lag and negative effects in the 7–10 years lag; (2) During 2000–2009, ADA elevated PM2.5 concentration by 5.93% via stimulating the development and transfer of heavy industry and urban sprawl in the BTH; (3) YRD and PRD respectively reduced the ADA's exacerbating effect to 5.26% and 4.98% via reasonable industrial structures and comprehensive cooperation mechanisms; (4) During 2009–2017, BTH and YRD integrated industrial transformation and environmental protection services through ADA, which alleviated 9.51% and 8.49% of PM2.5 pollution. PRD, meanwhile, accomplished orderly population dispersal and urban expansion by combining ADA with urban planning, thus reducing the PM2.5 concentration by 8.01%. We located three agglomerations in the evolution tree, which provide a basis for formulating relevant policies and region-oriented air pollution joint prevention control strategies.

Gold‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Tandem Cyclization of Alkynol‐Tethered Alkylidenecyclopropanes to Construct Naphthalene‐Fused Eight‐ to Eleven‐Membered Cyclic Ethers

AbstractA gold‐catalyzed intramolecular tandem cyclization of alkynol‐tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes was reported in this paper, providing a synthetic route to access naphthalene‐fused eight‐ to eleven‐membered cyclic ether derivatives in moderate to good yields. On the basis of control experiments and DFT calculations, a reasonable reaction mechanism involving a gold carbene intermediate was proposed, which was formed via the 6‐endo‐dig enyne cyclization process.magnified image

Analysis of an evolutionary game of pallet pooling with participation of third-party platform.

Pallet pooling has been widely recognized as an important part of the green supply chain. The development of pallet pooling is an essential component for the transformation and upgrade of the logistics industry in China. Pallet pooling can, however, lead to a conflict over potential benefits among the players. One of the main problems of pallet pooling in China is the reasonable benefit allocation mechanism has not been formed. The pallet pooling system (PPS) with participation of the third-party platform (PPSWPTPP) is one of the pilot modes of pallet pooling in China. Based on evolutionary game theory and a penalty mechanism for breach of contract, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of the PPSWPTPP. Eight propositions are set in two basic scenarios regarding whether pallet pooling is adapted to the logistics market to study the stability and dynamic evolution process of the players in the PPSWPTPP. Theoretical and numerical simulation results indicate that these will affect the smooth development of the PPS. The suitable setting of penalties and bonuses, the precise estimation of the pooling benefits, the intention intensity of the players to the pallet pooling, and whether to adapt to the logistics market demand are explored.

Impurity effects on quasi-linear heat transport induced by interaction of TEM and ITG turbulence

The impurity effects on quasi-linear turbulent heat transport induced by ion temperature gradient and trapped electron modes in tokamak plasmas are numerically studied, using a full gyrokinetic description for main and impurity ions. The unstable modes in independent and hybrid states are all taken into account. The fluxes integrated over the complete spectrum rather than taking an individual characteristic k θ ρ s of poloidal wave-vector are systematically investigated. The results indicate that the injected impurity enhances the heat transport of main ions and electrons, and the maximum variations of the former are shown to be approximately twice as high as those of the latter, i.e. ΔQ i−sum ∼ 2ΔQ e−sum for the core plasmas of the parameters in this work. In contrast, the impurity ions can induce reduction of the edge ion heat fluxes, while the electron heat fluxes are almost unchanged. Such distinct behaviors are found to be associated with the transition of instabilities types and dominated regimes of heat transport. Significantly, reversed magnetic shear, large temperature ratios of electrons to main ions as well as high mass numbers of impurity ions contribute to the improvement of confinement and formation of energy pinch. The newly updated code identifies individual contributions to heat transport from conductive and convective fluxes, both of which are composed of diagonal, off-diagonal diffusive and non-diffusive components and thus is expected to be a powerful tool for experimental data analysis as well. The phase shift (larger than π/2) is demonstrated to be a reasonable mechanism for the induction of energy pinch.

Why Can’t I Work in a Green Way? Research on the Influencing Mechanism of Employees’ Labor Intentions

Non-green labor patterns have a negative impact on health and organizational sustainable development. This research proposes a green labor style that takes the sustainable development of employees themselves as the premise, with the protection of their physical and mental health as a long-term goal, that is not only concerned with how to build a reasonable mechanism to guarantee the physical and mental health of employees, but also with the labor protection mechanism of the whole process, from production to output. On the basis of social cognitive theory and the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, this study recruited a sample of 884 Chinese employees to explore the mechanism of their willingness to conduct green labor, including factors such as institutional constraints, boundary management, and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE). The results show that high levels of institutional constraints curbed employee demand for green labor and, in employees, good boundary-management skills acted as a mechanism of resistance against negative constraints. Furthermore, individual OBSE, as a positive psychological resource, could buffer the negative impacts of the organizational scenarios on outcomes.

Task Price Prediction Based on Clustering and DNN in Crowdsensing

With the popularization of mobile devices and the development of wireless networks, crowdsensing is devoted to providing universal Internet of Things services. A reasonable task pricing mechanism can not only motivate more users to participate in the sensing task but also help the benign development of crowdsensing platform, so it has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of crowdsensing. Aiming at the common problems of insufficient analysis of task pricing rules and large deviations of pricing prediction models, a task price prediction method based on clustering and DNN is proposed. Using the real historical trade price set as the data source, natural grouping and taxonomic description of task price are realized by exploring sensing task pricing law with complex constraint relation using two-step clustering analysis. On the basis of the above, the price interval prediction model based on DNN is implemented. The experimental results show that the predicting accuracy of the pricing mechanism is higher than 82.7%.

Hydration of Alkynes to Ketones with an Efficient and Practical Polyoxomolybdate‐based Cobalt Catalyst

AbstractHydration of alkynes to ketones is one of the most atom economical and universal methods for the synthesis of carbonyl compounds. However, the basic reaction usually requires organic ligand catalysts or harsh reaction conditions to insert oxygen into the C≡C bond. Here, we report an inorganic ligand supported cobalt (III) catalyst, (NH4)3[CoMo6O18(OH)6], which is supported by a central cobalt (III) mononucleus and a ring‐shaped pure inorganic ligand composed of six MoVIO6 octahedrons to avoid the disadvantages of expensive and unrecyclable organic ligand catalysts or noble metal catalysts. Under mild conditions, the cobalt (III) catalyst can be used for the hydration of alkynes to ketones. The catalyst is non‐toxic, green, and environment friendly. The catalyst can be recycled at least six times with high activity. According to control experiments, a reasonable mechanism is provided.

Research on the Pollutant Emission Reduction Strategy and Simulation of Paper-Making Enterprises under the Reward and Punishment Mechanism

Environmental pollution has become an important obstacle on the path of ecological civilization construction, and it is urgent to control environmental pollution. By establishing an evolutionary game model, this thesis focuses on analyzing how paper-making enterprises choose their own emission reduction strategies under the reward and punishment mechanism. It further analyzes how social welfare changes under the reward and punishment mechanism, and finally through simulation research, this thesis analyzes the evolutionary paths of paper-making enterprises’ pollution emission strategies under the reward and punishment mechanism. The results of the reward and punishment mechanism are as follows: under the static reward and punishment mechanism, the game system will repeatedly oscillate around a point. There is no stable equilibrium point at this time. However, under the dynamic reward and punishment mechanism, the game system will tend to a stable equilibrium point. The results of social welfare analysis show that high-intensity rewards will reduce the amount of pollution discharged by paper-making enterprises, thereby maximizing social welfare. On the contrary, when paper-making enterprises discharge a large amount of pollution, they will be subject to high-intensity penalties. When facing high-intensity punishments, paper-making enterprises will tend to not to discharge. So social welfare is also maximized. The simulation research results show that reasonable punishment strategies are more effective than reward ones. Based on this, the author proposes countermeasures, such as establishing a reasonable reward and punishment mechanism, reasonably determining the reward and punishment intensity for polluting enterprises. The emission reduction strategies of paper-making enterprises will be affected by the government’s reward and punishment mechanism. A deep study of its internal mechanism is not only of great significance for pollution control but also of great significance for the development of a green economy.

Facile interface engineering of hierarchical flower spherical-like Bi-metal–organic framework microsphere/Bi2MoO6 heterostructure for high-performance visible–light photocatalytic tetracycline hydrochloride degradation

The self-assembled Bi-based metal–organic framework microspheres (Bi-MOF-M) by nanorods were successfully constructed by the glycol-assisted solvothermal method. Using Bi-MOF-M as a homologous template, a petal-like Bi2MoO6 (BMO) layer was grown in situ on its surface to facilely construct a chemically bonded heterojunction interface, realizing a micro/nano hierarchical flower spherical-like Bi-MOF-M/BMO heterojunction composite photocatalyst. The as-prepared series of Bi-MOF-M/BMO-x catalysts show higher visible light catalytic performance for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) degradation. Among them, Bi-MOF-M/BMO-0.3 has the optimal catalytic activity, and the degradation efficiency can reach 93.6% within 60 min of light irradiation with superior mineralization ability and structural stability, and the degradation kinetic constant is 6.12 times that of Bi-MOF-M and 5.69 times that of BMO, respectively. The homologously grown Bi-MOF-M/BMO chemically bonded heterojunction not only effectively broadens the spectral absorption range and enhances the absorption intensity but also promotes the efficient separation of photogenerated carriers through forming a favorable interfacial electric field and well-matched energy band alignment. A reasonable mechanism for the visible light degradation of TC by the Bi-MOF-M/BMO composite catalyst with h+ and 1O2 as the main reactive species is proposed. The micro/nano hierarchical structure of the Bi-MOF/BMO catalyst allows it to exhibit the easy recovery advantage of micron-scale materials while maintaining the high catalytic activity of the primary nano-components.

Preparation, superior field emission properties and first principles calculation of electronic structure of SiC nanowire arrays on Si substrate

It is a crucial item to develop an available, efficient and stable cathode material for the application of flat-panel display, vacuum micro-electronic device, electron source and related area/equipment. In this work, oriented single-crystalline SiC nanowires (SiCNW) arrays were successfully fabricated onto the Si (100) substrate according to an easy Ni-catalyst-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The systematical characterization results suggested that product growth was modulated via the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. As the promising member in the candidate cathodes, SiCNW arrays with superior current emission stability (~ ± 6.1%) displayed decreased turn-on field (1.26 V/μm) along with threshold field (1.83 V/μm) at the optimal spacing between anode and cathode (about 500 μm), suggesting their great application potential as field emitters in the future. The positive effect of the stacking faults on the electronic structure and field emission (FE) properties were investigated through first principles calculation using Vienna ab initio Simulation package (VASP) of density functional theory (DFT). Furthermore, a reasonable synergetic electronic transmission mechanism based on peculiar morphology and electronic band structure was proposed to explain the superior field emission performances.