Reasonable Adjustment Research Articles

A forecasting approach of tropical cyclone genesis based on thresholds of multi-physical parameters and its verification using ECMWF model data

While considerable studies have proved that the track and intensity forecasts of tropical cyclone (TC) relied heavily on output from numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, few researches investigated how well NWP models forecast TC genesis in the western North Pacific (WNP) basin. In order to understand the characteristics of TC genesis forecast in WNP basin by NWP models, this study derives a set of criteria to identify the formation of TC using historical data and verifies it based on ECMWF model data between 2013 and 2015. The results show that the percentile values adopted as the criteria thresholds have a significant impact on the performance of algorithm based on the criteria. A reasonable adjustment of threshold in a specific interval can effectively improve the TC genesis prediction. For example, in the WNP basin the forecast results are most sensitive to small changes in the relative vorticity on the 850 hPa level. The results of forecast test of the optimal threshold combination scheme indicate that the turning point of performance lies between 24 and 48 hours with regard to the hit rate in the 12-72 hours prior to the formation of TC. For lead time less than 24 hours, the hit rate was basically maintained at a high level above 0.7 with a small decrease. After that, the performance drops sharply before stabilizing beyond 48 hours. In addition, the performance of the TC genesis prediction in ECMWF model varies significantly from year to year and also in different WNP regions. It performs better to the east of the Philippines than over the South China Sea (SCS). On the other hand, high false alarm (FA) rates are found in the central parts of the SCS up to the waters around the Philippines and the central part of the WNP. The significant discrepancy in ECMWF’s performance can also be observed between different basins. Within the 24 hours before the genesis of a TC, the forecasts for the WNP basin verify better than those for the Atlantic basin.

Ultra-high ethanol sensitivity sensor based on porous In2O3 decorated with gold nanoparticles

Reasonable adjustment of the morphology and surface modification with precious metals are effective methods to improve gas sensitive properties. In this work, the gold-loaded mesoporous In2O3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized through facile hydrothermal reaction and surface in situ reduction reaction in the absence of templates and surfactants. Microstructure and morphological characteristics of obtained gold-loaded mesoporous In2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM and TEM. The characterization results revealed that the particle size of obtained gold-loaded In2O3 samples are between 50 and 150 nm, and the specific surface area is 31.9 m2/g. Many mesopores formed on the surface, and the pore size is concentrated in 14 nm. Through systematic gas sensing tests, we found that due to the electron sensitization and chemical sensitization of gold nanoparticles, the activation energy of the reaction is effectively reduced, the diffusion of adsorbed oxygen is accelerated and the content of vacancy oxygen and chemisorbed oxygen is significantly increased. The results presented that sensors based on gold-loaded mesoporous In2O3 showed ultra-high sensitivity to 100 ppm ethanol at the temperature of 220 °C, which is far superior to pure In2O3 materials. Operating temperature, response and recovery time, selectivity and stability are also relatively better. It is expected for gold-loaded In2O3 to become an ideal material for ethanol detection in the field of gas sensors.

Research on the spatial distribution and accessibility of medical institutions in Wuhan based on GIS

To explore the rationality of the spatial distribution structure of medical institutions in Wuhan and provide a reasonable reference basis for the spatial layout of medical institutions. Using GIS spatial analysis methods to study the distribution characteristics and spatial accessibility in Guangzhou. Medical institutions in Wuhan have obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics and are concentrated in the central urban area. The spatial distribution of medical institutions in Wuhan is unbalanced and concentrated in the central urban area. The waste of health resources and the scarcity of health resources exist at the same time. The accessibility and fairness of medical institutions need to be improved, and reasonable planning and adjustment should be made.

THE ANTICIPATORY REASONABLE ADJUSTMENT DUTY: REMOVING THE BLOCKAGES?

AbstractThe anticipatory reasonable adjustment duty, introduced by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and now found in the Equality Act 2010, has been hailed as an innovative and proactive tool for embedding disability equality in services and public functions. Despite important successes, the duty has had a surprisingly low profile in academic scholarship and has struggled to fulfil its practical potential. We seek to understand how this has happened, identifying a range of factors that may operate as blockages to the success of the duty. Whilst these factors are interrelated, we group them under three main headings – visibility, uncertainty and enforcement. We reflect critically on whether, and if so how, relevant blockages can be tackled to enable the duty to embed disability equality more effectively within services and public functions and whether new supplementary measures (particularly concerning accessibility) are also needed.

A Bi-Level Model for Green Freight Transportation Pricing Strategy Considering Enterprise Profit and Carbon Emissions

Due to the impact of COVID-19, enterprises need effective pricing strategies to improve profits and viability. In order to fill research gaps in the literature relating to market competition among different freight modes and to adjust the freight transportation structure by optimizing transportation prices, we propose a multi-objective bi-level programming pricing model that considers market competition and the carbon emissions of the freight system in China. First, an objective function in upper-level planning was used to improve logistics enterprise profits and reduce the total carbon emissions of the freight system. Then, a generalized cost function for the freight transportation mode was designed to quantify the market competition among different transportation modes, and a user equilibrium assignment model was established to obtain the results of cargo flow assignment in lower-level planning. To solve the model, a sensitivity analysis algorithm was designed, and a logistics network example was used to verify the effectiveness of the model. The experimental results show that reasonable freight price adjustment can effectively increase enterprise profits and reduce the total carbon emissions of the freight system. In this paper, we provide a new method for freight pricing research, considering the market competition of multiple transportation modes, and provide a new idea for adjusting the transportation structure through freight price optimization, which will play a positive role in promoting the development of green freight.

Reasonable adjustments for autistic adults

AimsTo embed the use of reasonable adjustments for adults with autism within in mental health services.ObjectivesThe objectives of the project are as follows: To identify how many service users with a diagnosis of autism are under care of local mental health servicesIs there evidence that reasonable adjustments were considered for these service usersIf identified as needing reasonable adjusments is there evidence of such adjustments being madeMethodWe looked at service users with an established diagnosis of autism under care of Leeds and York NHS foundation trust to ascertain if reasonable adjustments have been considered. The audit is based on guidelines provided by Think Autism-department of health statutory guidance 2014. This is based on autism act 2009.Data were collected for 30 cases in mainstream mental health services undr care of various teams including inpatient and community.ResultIt was identified that in only 2/30 cases reasonable adjustments were considered and agreed upon. Only 1/30 service users had a disability status updated on electronic patient records. None of the service users had a hospital passport or reasonable adjustment care plan completed.None of the records had “good evidence” of reasonable adjustments.These findings point to a wider issue for the trust as well as natioanlly as it indicates that autism is not being adequately taken into account for patients accessing our services. Due to the lack of reasonable adjustments adults with autism are potentially at increased risk to disengage leading to deterioration in their mental state and increase in risks.ConclusionThese findings point to a wider issue for the trust as it indicates that autism is not being adequately taken into account for patients accessing our services. Due to the lack of reasonable adjustments adults with autism are potentially at increased risk to disengage leading to deterioration in their mental state and increase in risks.We recommend training in autism for all healthcare professionals in the trust to improve their understanding of autism, including making reasonable adjustments.We also recommend review trust procedure about recording diagnoses and disability status on electronic patient records. We recommend that the reasonable adjustments section on care director is more prominent and easily accessible.We recommend that an ‘autism flag’ is prominent on patient records to alert staff to the presence of autism

Research on Outdoor Thermal Environment of Campus in Cold Area in Winter with Different Underlying Surfaces

Thermal environment has many influences on people who use outdoor space. The thermal environment of university campus is an important part of educational living space. In campus planning and design, the impact of landscape design on the thermal environment should be considered. This paper measures the thermal environment of the campus of Xi’an Eurasia University and conducts questionnaire survey to obtain the Library and Nanshan Road, East Gate Square and Parking lot 4 different underlying surface characteristics of the impact on the thermal environment. The results show that the SET* correlation of different underlying surfaces: Library> East Gate Square> Nanshan Road > Parking lot. Shade, grassland, and water bodies can effectively reduce the average radiant temperature. Among them, the humidification and cooling effects of the shade are the best, and the cooling ability of the grass is second only to the shade. In the process of campus environment design, reasonable adjustment of the relationship between the shade of the grass and other underlying surfaces can effectively improve the outdoor thermal comfort of the campus in winter and create a comfortable outdoor activity place on the campus.

Control Strategy of Plug-in Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle Based on Drive Cycle Recognition

A control strategy based on drive-cycle recognition is proposed for the energy management control of plug-in fuel cell hybrid vehicle. Firstly, the drive-cycle recognition fuzzy controller was designed and the battery target SOC was adjusted according to the drive-cycle recognition results; Secondly, with the goal of improving the economy of the vehicle and the durability of the fuel cell, the energy management fuzzy controller and the fuel cell switch controller were designed, energy distribution of dual power source was realized combined with the target SOC control result; Finally, the comprehensive drive-cycle condition was established, the drive-cycle recognition strategy was simulated and verified basing on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform. The results show that the strategy achieves a reasonable adjustment to the target SOC of the battery, compared with the power following strategy, the hydrogen consumption is reduced by 7.8%, which reduces the occurrences of factors which affect negatively durability of fuel cell.

The Impacts of the Geographic Distribution of Manufacturing Plants on Groundwater Withdrawal in China

The overexploitation of groundwater in China has raised concern, as it has caused a series of environmental and ecological problems. However, far too little attention has been paid to the relationship between groundwater use and the spatial distribution of water users, especially that of manufacturing factories. In this study, a factory scatter index (FSI) was constructed to represent the spatial dispersion degree of manufacturing factories in China. It was found that counties and border areas between neighboring provinces registered the highest FSI increases. Further non-spatial and spatial regression models using 205 provincial-level secondary river basins in China from 2016 showed that the scattered distribution of manufacturing plants played a key role in groundwater withdrawal in China, especially in areas with a fragile ecological environment. The scattered distribution of manufacturing plants raises the cost of tap water transmission, makes monitoring and supervision more difficult, and increases the possibility of surface water pollution, thereby intensifying groundwater withdrawal. A reasonable spatial adjustment of manufacturing industry through planning and management can reduce groundwater withdrawal and realize the protection of groundwater. Our study may provide a basis for water-demand management through spatial adjustment in areas with high water scarcity and a fragile ecological environment.

28 Medication Compliance Aids and Acute Hospitals

Abstract Introduction An estimated 64 million Medication Compliance Aids (MCAs) are dispensed by pharmacies in England each year as a method of reasonable adjustment to improve medication adherence (NICE 2009) and support medicines administration by carers (RPS 2013). Complexities exist when implementing medication changes for patients using MCAs, particularly at hospital discharge or outpatient appointments, where practices seem to vary. This National Survey is the first to determine the current policy and service provision of MCAs by acute hospitals in England. Methods An electronic survey was emailed to Chief Pharmacists via the Regional Medicines Information Services in Spring 2019. Initial non-responders were contacted by email and telephone. Results 51% (73/144) of acute hospital trusts in England responded. 77% (56/73) dispensed medication in MCAs at discharge. Of these, 62.5% would initiate MCAs and 61% supplied a different length of MCA vs non-MCA prescription (see table). 41 hospitals had designated staff completing MCAs. The median time to complete an MCA was 59.5 minutes (range 10–200). The median time from prescription receipt in pharmacy to MCA arrival on ward was 144.5 minutes (range 60–1,440). Of the 17 hospitals not providing MCAs, the majority would, upon discharge, contact the community pharmacy that provided the MCA pre-admission to update any medication changes and request the provision of a new supply of medicines. Conclusion Despite the ubiquitous nature of the MCA, there is no standard approach to the supply of these devices from acute hospitals across England. When hospitals do provide MCAs their preparation is time consuming, often requiring additional staff. A national approach to MCAs might help patients and carers, and reduce medication-related problems and costs.

Reasonable adjustments for people with intellectual disability in acute care: a scoping review of the evidence

ObjectivesPeople with intellectual disability are vulnerable in terms of health service provision due to increased comorbidity, higher dependency and cognitive impairment. This review explored the literature to ascertain what reasonable...

Study on Spectrum Allocation and Optimization of Wireless Communication Networks Based on SFOA

Wireless communication network spectrum is a limited resource. With the rapid increase of mobile communication services in recent years, traditional spectrum allocation methods are only based on a fixed spectrum allocation strategy, which often results in uneven and wasteful resource allocation. Therefore, spectrum allocation and the optimization problem need to be solved urgently. The application of semantic mobile computing in the Internet of Things and the research of emerging bionic models provide new ideas for this problem. In order to solve the problem of spectrum optimization and allocation, this paper proposes an optimization algorithm that simulates fisherman fishing to reasonably arrange the allocation and optimization of wireless network spectrum. This paper selects SFOA and the other two algorithms, designs experimental functions to perform calculations separately, obtains relevant data indicators, and uses comparative analysis to analyze. The analysis shows that in terms of performance, the success rate of SFOA is higher than that of PSO, and the success rate of the two function calculations has reached 100%. In the signal‐to‐noise ratio analysis, when the signal‐to‐noise ratio is ‐4 dB, the throughput of GPSO reaches the maximum value of 0.17, the throughput of PSO reaches the maximum value of 0.56, and the throughput of SFOA reaches 1, which shows that SFOA is adopted. The stability and accuracy of the algorithm are higher than the other two algorithms, and in the case of high signal‐to‐noise ratio, the advantages of the SFOA algorithm are also more obvious. This shows that the use of this algorithm will be very helpful for spectrum allocation and optimization. Because SFOA has high stability and accuracy, through reasonable adjustment and improvement, it can make good use of spectrum allocation and optimization. Chinese wireless communication network and the development of Internet of Things technology are of great significance.

Dynamics of the intervention strategy of job burnout of coal miners

This research focus on the formation mechanism and intervention strategy of coal miners’ job burnout, based on a simulation study using system dynamics method. The simulation result indicates that, work assignment alienation has higher sensitivity to intervention strategies than other elements of coal miners’ job burnout, while health damage is least sensitive to intervention. The top three adoptable strategies shall be reasonable working hours, self-psychological adjustment, and psychological counseling program. As the impact of one intervention strategy weakens with time, it is necessary to constantly change intervention strategies or to adopt a strategy combination to intervene miners’ burnout. This study explains the formation mechanism of coal miners’ job burnout and offers targeted advice for coal enterprises, aiming to effectively improve their safety management mechanism and to reduce casualties.

The Quality of Life of Older Individuals Following the World Health Organization Assessment Criteria.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric qualities of the WHOQOL-BREF(PT) (the questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Grpup for quality of life assessment), when applied to Portuguese elderly people residing in a community setting. The psychometric qualities were assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. A hierarchical second-order model and a third model were performed, and all three models presented similar and reasonable adjustment indexes. The data analysis showed that the construct failed only regarding discriminant validity because the correlations between the first-order factors were higher, associated with lower values of average variance extracted. The psychometric qualities found in the original translation/validation of the WHOQOL-BREF(PT) were compared with those found in this study; this study found higher correlations between domains but a similar level of factor reliability. The findings of this study lead to three recommendations: (i) to compute each factor score for each participant using the factor score weights obtained from confirmatory analysis models instead of adopting a unitary weight for each item, as proposed by the authors of the original translation/validation of the WHOQOL-BREF(PT); (ii) to compute a QOL score, which is not included in the original translation/validation; and (iii) to analyze differences between individual scores for each participants, which should be done by a group of health experts.

Formation of foreign language professionally oriented competence of future foreign language teachers with the use of electronic educational resources

The study tested electronic educational resources recommended and selected for development of language competencies in future teachers. Motivational, cognitive and communicative criteria were chosen as indicators of professional readiness. The research involved relevant methods and forms of improving language competencies and diagnostic methods. Meanwhile the level of the development of professional competencies was monitored with reasonable adjustment of students’ independent work. The choice of electronic educational resources as the main tool of independent work improves the linguistic communicative competencies of students, activates their search, learning and self-organization; motivates to create their own educational trajectory, and improves the academic performance. The use of electronic resources is not an independent technology for teachers’ training; it requires implementation in the educational process. The effectiveness of these methods of organizing the educational process is 25% of the quantitative composition of the experimental groups, so the subject of the study requires development and implementation in the educational field. The effectiveness of application of the results determines practical value of this article. The offered methods can be applied to students majoring in the Humanities, and in independent language study. This research can be used for development of programs and courses in independent, distance and differentiated learning.

System Dynamics Model for Evaluating Socio-Economic Impacts of Different Water Diversion Quantity from Transboundary River Basins-A Case Study of Xinjiang.

With the rapid development of social economy and global climate warming, scarce transboundary water resources, as one of the basic resources for socio-economic development, have increasingly become the focus of basin countries. To investigate the socio-economic impacts of different water diversion quantity from transboundary river basins, we used a system dynamics (SD) model to reflect interactions between population, water resources, and socio-economic development, and applied it to a case study in Xinjiang to simulate its change tendency from 2011 to 2030 from the temporal dimension. Then, four water diversion quantity of transboundary river basins and four alternative socio-economic development patterns were designed to comprehensively evaluate these impacts of water diversion quantity change on the socio-economy of the region along the river under different socio-economic development patterns. The results indicate that (1) there was a positive correlation between water diversion quantity and the economic output value of the region along transboundary river basins, and the marginal benefit of transboundary water resources would decrease gradually; (2) considering the difficulty of water diversion from transboundary river basins and the protection of downstream water use and ecological health of transboundary river basins, we believe that increasing the transboundary water resources by 20% was more conducive to the sustainable development of Xinjiang’s socio-economy; (3) through the comparison of dynamic evolutions of socio-economic development and water impacts under four socio-economic development patterns, it is best for Xinjiang to plan its future development in the coordinated development of economic-resource scenario. Following this scenario, not only would the total output value of the socio-economy be better than other scenarios, but this also helps to alleviate the contradiction between the water supply and demand, which expected there would be a water shortage of 1.04 billion m3 in 2029 under 20% increase in water diversion quantity. Therefore, appropriate water diversion quantity, reasonable adjustment of industrial production growth rate, reduction of water consumption quotas of different industries and domestic water quota, and improvement of collection and treatment rate for sewage should be given priority in water resources management decision-making in Xinjiang or other arid regions along transboundary river basins.

Influence of soil depth and spatial resolution on the performance of the DHSVM hydrological model in basins with low input data availability

The DHSVM model has been applied in several regions and with different objectives such as to simulate the hydrological behavior of watersheds, and to study the impact of climate change and land use on watershed hydrology. Modeling efficiency requires the use of consistent data on topography, soil types, vegetation types, and meteorological data. In this paper, we present studies on the influence of pixel size and the maximum soil depth on the efficiency of the DHSVM model. The study was elaborated considering the sub-basin of Rio Pardo, in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, under a tropical climate. The results indicate that a reasonable adjustment to the soil depth and the spatial resolution (pixel size) can significantly improve the modeling efficiency. In particular, the results for the Rio Pardo sub-basin show that the maximum soil depth should be close to 30 m and the pixel size should be 100 m considering a daily time step.

A novel model for predicting water cut based on trigonometric function growth curve

Water cut prediction is one of the most important contents of reservoir production performance analysis. Accurate prediction of water cut is crucial to formulate reasonable development plan and adjustment measures. However, the traditional method cannot predict the relationship between water cut and time, and the solution of parameters is also complicated. Based on the similar change rules of water cut and cumulative oil production, six new trigonometric function growth curves are established to predict the water cut of an oilfield. The results show that the new models based on the trigonometric function growth curve are simple and easy to solve. The prediction results of six water cut models are close to each other. Anyone model can be selected in water cut calculation, which saves a lot of calculation time and work. Compared with the Logistic model and Usher model, the prediction error of the new trigonometric function growth curve model is smaller. The model prediction results are in line with the actual development of the oilfield, and have certain practicability and reliability.

Charging Load Management of Electric Cruise Ships Based on Price Incentive

The disorderly charging of electric cruise ships will widen the peak-to-valley difference of the power grid. Reasonable adjustment of the charging behaviour of electric cruise ships can effectively smooth the peak-valley difference and achieve peak clipping and valley filling. Based on the forecast value of the number of electric cruise ships in the Baiyangdian area in 2022, a price incentive demand-side management model was constructed and Monte Carlo simulation was used for model calculation. The results show that under the price incentive model, the electric cruise ship users are charging at the valley of electricity consumption, and the load peak-to-valley difference and load smoothness coefficient will be reduced. While electric cruise ship service providers obtain additional benefits, charging costs for electric cruise ship users are decreased.

Rear-end collision warning of connected automated vehicles based on a novel stochastic local multivehicle optimal velocity model

Studying the rear-end early warning methods of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) is useful for issuing early warnings and reducing traffic accidents. Establishing a corresponding driving model according to CAV characteristics is necessary when designing intelligent decision and control systems, especially for the safety speed threshold. However, since traffic systems are stochastic, there are random factors that influence car-following behavior. Therefore, this study proposes a rear-end collision warning method for CAVs based on a stochastic local multivehicle optimal speed (SLMOV) car-following model. First, the SLMOV model is proposed to characterize the car-following behavior of CAVs. Simultaneously, a stability analysis and parameter estimation method are discussed. Second, the safety distance between the CAVs changes with time because the speed of the rear vehicles satisfies the SLMOV model, which is used to calculate the safety probability of rear-end CAV collisions through an analysis of the driving process. The speed threshold is assessed by controlling the rear-end collision probability. Third, next-generation simulation (NGSIM) data are used in an empirical analysis of a rear-end collision warning method on the basis of a parameter estimation of the SLMOV model. The results present the speed thresholds of vehicles under different braking deceleration levels. Finally, the merits and demerits of fixed-speed and variable-speed adjustment time intervals are compared by considering driving safety and comfort as evaluation indexes. A reasonable CAV adjustment time interval of 0.4 s is determined. This result can be used to help develop a vehicle loading rear-end collision warning system.