Abstract
Due to the impact of COVID-19, enterprises need effective pricing strategies to improve profits and viability. In order to fill research gaps in the literature relating to market competition among different freight modes and to adjust the freight transportation structure by optimizing transportation prices, we propose a multi-objective bi-level programming pricing model that considers market competition and the carbon emissions of the freight system in China. First, an objective function in upper-level planning was used to improve logistics enterprise profits and reduce the total carbon emissions of the freight system. Then, a generalized cost function for the freight transportation mode was designed to quantify the market competition among different transportation modes, and a user equilibrium assignment model was established to obtain the results of cargo flow assignment in lower-level planning. To solve the model, a sensitivity analysis algorithm was designed, and a logistics network example was used to verify the effectiveness of the model. The experimental results show that reasonable freight price adjustment can effectively increase enterprise profits and reduce the total carbon emissions of the freight system. In this paper, we provide a new method for freight pricing research, considering the market competition of multiple transportation modes, and provide a new idea for adjusting the transportation structure through freight price optimization, which will play a positive role in promoting the development of green freight.
Highlights
In 2020, COVID-19 had a serious impact on the international political and economic situation
In order to improve the profitability of logistics enterprises and promote the green development of freight transportation, we propose a pricing method for freight transportation enterprises that considers their operating profit, the competition between different transportation modes, and the total carbon emissions of the transportation system
In order to fully understand the impact of COVID-19 on global economic development, transportation demand and cost, transportation stability and reliability, and transportation greenhouse gas emissions, we present a detailed analysis from the above perspectives
Summary
In 2020, COVID-19 had a serious impact on the international political and economic situation. The global supply chain was affected to varying degrees, and higher requirements for cost control and chain safety and reliability were recommended for the logistics system, generally. Modern transportation has become an important economic activity. Carbon emissions from transportation account for more than 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions, most of which come from fossil fuels [1]. The contribution of China’s transportation industry’s carbon dioxide emissions has increased to 18–20% of China’s total carbon emissions [2]. When considering carbon emissions, it is necessary to study the pricing strategy for green freight transportation in order to adjust the transportation structure and optimize the logistics costs of the supply chain system
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