Realization Of Speech Research Articles

PHONETIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING NEGATION IN MODERN BULGARIAN

The object of the current study are the phonetic means that express negation in Contemporary Bulgarian and that are part of the formal inventory of the functional and semantic category of polarity (and more precisely – part of the periphery of the negative polarity). Our interest on this topic was promoted by the lack of detailed research. The main goal here is to present a description of these specific characteristics by paying more attention to the role of intonation and stress in the speech realization of the phrases of interest. To achieve this goal, we have employed a variety of technological resources for rhythmic and melodic analysis, with the help of which we have conducted experimental research on our targeted phrases and provided graphic representation of melody and intensity of pronunciation, as well as spectrographic analysis of speech. Our data shows that stress and intonation are indeed differentiating factors in the meaning of the phonetic explicators we observe. Stress and intonation make t

An experimental study of the phonetic realization of Russian speech by native speakers of Karachay-Balkar

An experimental study of the phonetic realization of Russian speech by native speakers of Karachay-Balkar

SEMANTIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

This study conducts a semantic structural analysis of speech acts in English and Uzbek languages to explore the pragmatic functions, linguistic forms, and cultural influences shaping communication in diverse cultural contexts. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, key findings reveal both similarities and differences in the realization of speech acts between the two languages. While both English and Uzbek employ a range of speech act types to achieve communicative goals, variations in linguistic forms and cultural connotations reflect cultural norms and social expectations.

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF NUMBER IN UZBEK LANGUAGE

The purpose of this research article is to describe the structure, meaning, function and use of plural meanings, to determine the grammatical indicators of the plural in the history of the Uzbek language based on written sources, the linguistic features ofthe plural category in the Uzbek language and speech realization, morphological, lexical, syntactic, phonetic and non-linguistic tools representing plural meaning were studied according to the integrated system.

Unpacking translanguaging in refusals on Chinese social media: strategies, distribution, and functions

Abstract Translanguaging has been documented to be frequently adopted in day-to-day online interaction. To date, except for Ren and Guo’s (2022. Translanguaging in self-praise on Chinese social media. Applied Linguistics Review 169. 1–22) pioneering study examining translanguaging practices in online self-praise, there has been scanty focus on how translanguaging is manifested in the realisation of specific speech acts, particularly the face-threatening speech act of refusing. To fill this research gap, the study explores the strategies, distributional patterns, and functions of translanguaging practices in digital refusals through the analysis of naturally occurring data collected on WeChat over five months. The findings indicate that online interlocutors utilized a wide range of translanguaging strategies from multimodal, multilingual, and multi-semiotic resources. Four turn positions are identified in decreasing order of frequency: single turn, turn final, turn medial, and turn initial. Furthermore, translanguaging in refusals denotes interpersonal, expressive, textual, and operational functions, with the first two constituting the majority. Based on these findings, three types of refusals shaped by translanguaging are identified, namely, refusals with translanguaging as a redressive strategy, refusals with translanguaging as a marker of mock impoliteness, and refusals with translanguaging as a facilitator of smooth online communication. The study concludes by highlighting that the nature of the speech act, digital genres and platforms, and the relationship existing between interlocutors contribute to translanguaging practices in online refusals.

Rethinking on Expressive Speech Act Realization in The Comments Section on YouTube Channel

Rethinking the realization of expressive speech acts in the comments section of YouTube channels offers an opportunity to delve deeper into the evolving dynamics of online communication and community engagement. This research explores expressive speech acts in One Direction's YouTube's comments section, examining how users express emotions, opinions, and reactions to video content. It explores new perspectives, emerging trends, and the ever-changing digital landscape of digital interactions. This research methodology is a descriptive qualitative method, and the data source was compiled from the comments section on One Direction's YouTube channel. Therefore, the researcher concludes there were seven types of expressive speech acts from fifty-one comments. There were 26 expressions of sorrow, four expressions of congratulating, two expressions of thanking, 13 expressions of praising, four expressions of happiness, and one expression for blaming and regretting. The most dominant expression used in the comments section on One Direction's YouTube Channel is the expression of sorrow. This expression appeared 26 times, out of 51 expression speech act listed. The researcher concludes that sorrow is the expression that is mainly used in the comments section.

Aesthetic speech acts: their pragmatic status, function, and realization

The subject matter of this article concerns the interpretation of texts and statements of an aesthetic nature in the light of pragmatics, i.e. as aesthetic speech acts. The author treats aesthetic speech acts as stimulating ones, which are opposed to both representative acts and determinative acts (especially, directive ones). A characteristic feature of stimulating speech acts is their persuasive nature, i.e. such a language action that induces and encourages the addressee to experience emotions but does not influence them in a volitional way. Aesthetic reactions are self-steering and do not depend on the subject’s will. Therefore, the realization of aesthetic speech acts, in comparison with other acts, is specific: it is not possible to use specialized (lexical or grammatical) exponents of the illocutionary function, e.g. performative verbs. To perform the aesthetic function, various elements of the plan of content and the plan of expression are used, which suggest the aesthetic intention of the sender: 1) the semantic content of the text or utterance; 2) its form and structure; 3) context and communication situation; and 4) translation of text/message, including the media. Due to their functional and formal features, aesthetic speech acts are divided into several subtypes: 1) macro-, meso- and micro-acts; 2) free and complementary acts; and 3) communicative and non-communicative acts.

Strategi Pemagaran dalam Ujaran Bahasa Jepang: Analisis Wawancara Jalanan Kanal Youtube Ask Japanese

This study reviews the hedging phenomena in Japanese speech found in street interview Ask Japanese. The hedging can be seen in interviewees’ answers to the interviewer’s questions. The data source used in this study is videos uploaded to Youtube by channel Ask Japanese. The reason for choosing such data source is that the videos are recorded impromptu, and thus, they show the realization of hedging in utterance naturally without any make-up. There are, in total, two videos of interview that is analyzed. The theories used are hedging as semantic phenomenon and hedging as pragmatic phenomenon. This research employs qualitative method that is involving analyzing data that have been transcribed and codified beforehand. In the videos used, there are 234 cases of hedging found. After keen observation, it is revealed that those cases of hedging are not realized in the same way. They can be classified into 6 types of strategies according to their realization in speech, namely (i) hedging by emphasizing subjectivity, (ii) hedging by expressing uncertainty, (iii) hedging by creating common ground, (iv) hedging by approximation, (v) hedging by exemplification, and (vi) hedging by downtoning.

The Pragmatics of Refusal: A Study of Parent-Daughter Communication Dynamics in Saudi Arabia

This study examines the realization of refusal speech acts by female Saudi Arabic speakers in response to parental requests, focusing on the potential impact of parental gender and request imposition on refusal strategies. Sixty participants from (anonymous) University completed a written discourse completion test (DCT) containing six scenarios with varying degrees of imposition (low, medium, high) featuring either a mother or a father. Findings revealed significant variations in refusal strategies directed toward mothers and fathers, influenced by gender expectations and imposition levels. Saudi females predominantly employed the "Excuse, reason, explanation" strategy with both parents but demonstrated distinct strategies in high-imposition request situations when interacting with fathers versus mothers. Females tended to use the "Attempt to dissuade interlocutor" strategy with fathers and the "Statement of alternative" approach with mothers. Furthermore, Saudi daughters were less inclined to use direct refusals when responding to fathers compared to mothers. These findings highlight communication, power, and relationship dynamics within Saudi families, potentially leading to distinct communication patterns and expectations among interlocutors.

Failing or Prevailing? Russian Educational Discourse in the Israeli Academic Classroom

Abstract This article seeks to explore the ways in which Russian–Soviet educational discourse survives in Israeli universities by bringing its underlying cultural messages to Israeli students. It focuses on the interpretation of educational discursive perceptions and practices of Russian-speaking professors who teach at Israeli universities. The study suggests considering the manifestation of the Russian–Soviet educational scenario through its enforcement in the Russian linguistic repertoire of meta-class talk, in which the professors report on the educational modes of in-class interaction. The analysis reveals that immigrant university teachers adopt communicative strategies imbued with key Russian–Soviet educational messages making them a cultural resource in the Israeli academic context. Concomitantly, however, the professors’ voices seem to be opposed to local Israeli cultural perception and practice. The study therefore seeks to uncover how enacted patterns of educational style reflect the cross-cultural condition of the academic context. It adopts the communicative–pragmatic perspective and focuses on key cultural educational scripts, rhetorical argumentation strategies, and the realization of speech acts in the university interaction.

The Speech realization of Hatsuon /ɴ/ by Korean learners of Japanese language: An analysis by spectrogram

The Speech realization of Hatsuon /ɴ/ by Korean learners of Japanese language: An analysis by spectrogram

ТАКСИС И АСПЕКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ В ФОКУСЕ МЕЖКАТЕГОРИАЛЬНЫХ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЙ (на материале немецкого языка)

The article deals with the issue of intercategorial interactions between the categories of taxis and aspectuality in the context of modern functional-semantic studies. In the course of the study, such general scientific and linguistic methods as hypothetical-deductive, inductive, descriptive, contextual, as well as the method of interpreting and generalizing linguistic facts were used. The purpose of this article is to describe the intercategorial interaction of the categories of taxis and aspectuality from the standpoint of a «focused» or «centered» approach. The scientific novelty of this study is due to the insufficient development of the issue of taxi-aspect interaction in the German language. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the general categorial language units of taxis and aspectuality, which are various aspectual quantifiers, act as explicators and determinants of conjugate primary-taxis categorial meanings of simultaneity, precedence and following in German statements with temporal prepositions bei, in, mit, während, seit, bis, nach, vor. Durative quantifiers (attributes, adverbials) determine durative-primary-taxis categorial meanings. Iterative adverbials and attributes specify the actualization of iterative-primary-taxis meanings, and phasic verbs determine the speech realization of various phase-primary-taxis meanings (inggressive-phase-taxis, egressive-phase-taxis and mid-phase-taxis).

THE DYNAMICS OF NEIGHBORHOOD SPEAKING: A SOCIOPRAGMATIC STUDY

Neighboring life is a type of social interaction that shows many symptoms of social conflict. The social conflict appears in various illocutionary speech acts found in neighboring social interactions. This study examines illocutionary speech acts using listening and speaking techniques in collecting data and translational and pragmatic equivalent methods in processing data. Data was obtained naturally through mutual interaction with neighbors. This study shows variations and rich pragmatic features in neighborly interactions. All speech acts have hidden meanings that deserve to be studied. The realization of illocutionary speech acts in this study is manifested in five ways: directive speech acts of ordering, expressive speech acts of mocking, commissive speech acts of offering, assertive speech acts of boasting, and declarative speech acts of confirming. In contrast, the speaking strategy obtained from the research data is divided into four parts: speaking frankly without further ado, speaking candidly with positive Politeness, speaking candidly with negative Politeness, and the strategy of vaguely speaking. - vague. Furthermore, the factors that influence the realization of speech acts are speech situation, age, kinship, gender, social status, and social relations. This research has implications for kinship relations between neighbors. Understanding speech acts can prevent social conflict and create closeness between neighbors.

The Realization of Speech Act of Requesting: An Analysis of Movie Freedom Writers

Language learners are required to be able to use the language they learn in an appropriate context. By mastering pragmatic competence, it is expected that language learners comprehend how to use the language and how to interpret the meaning of the language in a particular setting. This study attempts to explore the realization of the speech act of requesting in a movie entitled Freedom Writers. To be specific, this study aims to figure out strategy types and modification devices of requesting used by the characters in the movie as well as its pedagogical implication for English language learning. By employing a case study design, this study analyzed the script of the movie and classified the request under the framework of A Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP). The findings reveal that mood derivable and scope stating are the most frequent strategies used and regarding the modification devices, the characters tend to use internal modifiers such as syntactic downgraders and upgraders. The results of the study suggest teacher to provide some authentic materials to introduce students to the real use of language. Further studies about speech acts focusing on the pedagogical implication are encouraged to be conducted.
 Keywords: speech act of requesting, CCSARP, pragmatic competence

Methods for investigation of L2 speech rhythm: Insights from the production of English speech rhythm by L2 Arabic learners

Rhythm metrics can detect second language development of target-like speech rhythm but interpretation of the results from metrics in learners’ speech is problematic because the mapping of metrics to underpinning phonological features is indirect. We investigate speech rhythm in first language (L1) Arabic / second language (L2) English, which differ in key properties contributing to the percept of rhythm: unstressed vowel reduction and syllable structure. Our production data are interpreted using additional measures, of stressed and unstressed vowels and of consonant cluster realization, alongside standard rhythm metrics; this combination facilitates disambiguation of competing interpretations of the metric results. The findings confirm the importance of using multiple rhythm metrics to study L2 speech rhythm and demonstrate how simple additional measures can guide interpretation of their results. In this study the metrics results showed that the speech produced by the L2 speakers, regardless of their length of residence in the UK, exhibited lower vocalic durational variability than the speech produced by the native Arabic and English speakers. However, closer inspection of the degree of vowel reduction by the native and nonnative groups confirms that no single metric captures the complex nature of the observed L2 rhythm patterns. Future L2 studies are advised not to draw firm conclusions about the degree of vowel reduction and consonant cluster realization in L2 speech based solely on the results of the rhythm metrics.

PERFUME AND COSMETIC NAMING INTEGRATOR AS A SOCIAL STATUS REFLE CTOR

The article offers a new approach towards the parameterisation of perfume and cosmetic names, in the particular social status reflection in the naming integrator of these goods. It being a bearer of naming parameters correlates with the hyper-informative units as a bearer of information parameter. Four naming integrants correspond to four sub-informative units. Being identified in the structure of the naming integrator, four naming integrants differ according to naming parameters. There is a 1 brand naming integrant (correlates with A sub-informative unit), an 2 individual naming integrant (correlates with B sub-informative unit), a 3 genitive naming integrant (correlates with C sub-informative unit), a 4 functional-descriptive naming integrant (correlates with D sub-informative unit). Naming and information parameters are mutually connected to each other by means of lexical embodiment. These two groups of four naming constituents have been singled out as parameters-bearers of the naming nature and properties of these goods. There have been distinguished inner semantic-structural elements in naming integrators – hyper informative units. These elements are responsible for representing social status reflection on the lexical level. These elements are recognized as content words which are viewed as discrete naming informative components or component clusters, having the specific speech realization and arrangement in the naming integrator–hyper informative unit. Simultaneously content words are carriers of specific functional load connected with the formation of naming integrators-hyper informative units in their semantic aspect. Content words indicate (within the speech aspect of perfume and cosmetic goods frame) semantic-structural and content-narrative reflection of the integrator-informative unit. The inner nature of the content words is revealed through the use of their dictionary definitions. The order of semes and their lexical embodiment demonstrate all details of inner hidden semantics concerning social status reflection.

Системно-языковые и конкретно-речевые связи в сфере таксиса

The subject of this study is the description of the systemic-linguistic and concrete-speech connections of the functional-semantic categories of taxis and the categories/subcategories of temporality, aspectuality, iteration, duration and phaseness. The purpose of the work is a focused analysis of the intercategorical connections of taxis with the above semantic categories, which determine the actualization of conjugate primary-taxis categorical situations of simultaneity and diversity in German utterances with prepositional deverbatives. The relevance of the study, carried out in the traditions of functional grammar and on the basis of the functional-semantic approach used in it, is associated with insufficient knowledge of the issue of intercategorical interaction. The system-linguistic connections of interacting categories in the sphere of primary taxis are established and analyzed in the context of their speech realizations in a specific taxis environment. It is substantiated that German utterances with prepositional deverbatives are characterized by various general categorical elements that determine the actualization of conjugate taxis categorical situations in their variability. These are monotemporal and inclusive-temporal prepositions as taxis markers, as well as various verbs, deverbatives (iterative, phase) and adverbials (temporal, aspectual, etc.).

GENDER VARIABLE IN REALIZATION OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS

This paper deals with the gender variable in realization of directive speech acts, such as requests, suggestions, advice etc. The sample for this small-scale research consists of 328 instances of directive speech acts which are excerpted from the transcripts of selected dialogues of the popular US sitcom Friends and five American feature-length films. Directive speech acts are analyzed using Blum-Kulka et al’s classification (1989) and divided into three broad categories – direct, conventionally indirect, and non-conventionally indirect with many subcategories. The focus of this paper will be on direct strategies typically expressed with imperatives and on conventionally indirect directives usually expressed with interrogative sentences which include a suggestory formula and preparatory strategies, with special emphasis on their use in male and female language. The goal of the paper is to analyze and compare gender preferences in using different strategies for the realization of directives, with the assumption that women will be more thoughtful of the hearer’s face and use indirect forms more frequently than men. This is in line with Holmes’s (1995) characterization of women’s speech as more polite than men’s. The paper will analyze the use of these directive strategies in F-F interactions, M-M interac- tions, M-F interactions and F-M interactions. The illustrative examples will be analyzed using the theory of speech acts and politeness theory, using qualitative, quantitative and comparative research methods.

ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR DALAM KEGIATAN BERBICARA PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEKS BERITA SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN AJAR KELAS VIII SMP PASUNDAN 8 BANDUNG

Speaking skills need to be developed and learned by everyone because speaking skills are very important in communicating. Likewise in the learning process, it is necessary to practice in the form of oral communication. The problem here is the lack of students' speaking skills in discussing or presenting. Some of the factors experienced by students in speaking skills include low self-confidence, lack of mastery of the material, uncomfortable situations and conditions, and lack of language knowledge so that from some of these factors students have not been able to convey ideas, ideas or goals fluently that can be understood. by listeners. This research needs to be done to find out the realization of students' speech acts when speaking activities in news text learning. The approach used in the study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The results obtained, the realization of illocutionary and perlocutionary speech acts is found in speaking activities during news text learning.

A Pragmatic Study of Apology Strategies in Akan (Twi)

As human interact with each other there is propensity of stepping on the toes of one another, when this happens it is incumbent on the parties involved to try as much as possible to sort out their differences. One of the most effective ways of breaking this barrier is apologizing. The person apologizing creates the impression that he is remorseful for the harm caused. The purpose of the study is to examine the realization of apology speech act, which inclines to be more situation-dependent and less frequently occurring than other speech acts. It also examines how the patterns of apology strategies are varied in relation to contextual factors (social status, social distance, and severity of offence) as used by the Akan (Twi) speakers. Discourse completion Task (DCT) in a form of interview and role play was chosen for the current study. The researcher created scenes for the DCT that required apologies based on situations occurring in real life. The researcher explained the DCT thoroughly to the participants and told them to put themselves in the situation and render an apology. The findings revealed that some Akan (Twi) speakers acknowledge responsibility, some tried to justify their actions whilst others shift the blame on others. It was revealed that some people also combine different strategies when apologizing.