Net Realization Research Articles

Effect of Sulphur and Zinc with and without FYM on Yield and Uptake of Nutrients in Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss) Grown on Light Textured Soil of Kachchh

A field experiment consisting of 24 treatment combinations of four levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S ha−1), three levels of zinc (0, 2.5 and 5.0 kg Zn ha−1) and two levels of FYM (0 and 10 t FYM ha−1) was conducted with two consecutive years from 2007–08 and 2008–09 with three replications under factorial randomized block design at Bhachau-Kachchh to study the effect of S and Zn with and without FYM on yield and properties of soil after harvest of mustard. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand with alkaline in reaction, low in nitrogen (N), S and Zn, medium in phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Application of 60 kg S ha−1 and 5.0 kg Zn ha−1 along with 10 t FYM ha−1 and application 40 kg S ha−1 and 5.0 kg Zn ha−1 along with 10 t FYM ha−1, found significantly higher yield, improved the content uptake, nutrient availability and physical properties of soil at harvest of crop over the control and both are at par with each other. Maximum economic benefits of gross realization, net realization along with highest benefit: cost ratio (BCR) of 4.84: 1 was observed.

Response of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) to different sowing dates and seed rates under middle Gujarat conditions

A field experiment was conducted at College Agronomy Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) to study the response of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) to different sowing dates and seed rates under middle Gujarat conditions during rabi season of the year 2013–14 in loamy sand soil, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potash with pH of 7.58 and EC of 0.23 dS/m at 0–15 cm soil depth. The experiment was laid out under split plot design with four replications with 16 treatment combinations consisting of four sowing dates i. e. 20th October (D1), 30th October (D2), 10th November (D3) and 20th November (D4) allotted to main plot and four levels of seed rates i. e. 6 kg/ha (S1), 8 kg/ha (S2), 10 kg/ha (S3) and 12 kg/ha (S4) were allotted to sub-plot. Results revealed that higher seed (555 kg/ha) and straw (3380 kg/ha) yield as well as maximum net realization (Rs. 43483/ha) and BCR (1: 3.55) could be obtained when linseed was sown on 30th October, keeping seed rate of 12 kg/ha.

Bioefficacy of some insecticides against Bihar Hairy Caterpillar Spilosoma obliqua walker on COWPEA

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the bioefficacy of some insecticides against Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spodoptera obliqua on cowpea in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during kharif 2013. The results revealed that significantly maximum larval mortality (81.70%) was obtained with thiodicarb 75 WP @ 0.015% followed by chlorphyriphos 20 EC @ 0.04% (69.78%) and fenvalerate 0.4 DP (69.46%). In the field experiment thiodicarb 75 WP @ 0.015% was found to be significantly superior with the least larval population (1.00 larvae/plant). Fenvalerate 0.4 DP 25 kg/ha and chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.04% were found to be the next effective. Maximum green pod yield was obtained with thiodicarb 75 WP, 0.015% (94.97 q/ha) and fenvalerate 0.4 DP 25 kg/ha (84.07 q/ha). Maximum net realization was obtained from thiodicarb 75 WP, 0.015% treated plots followed by fenvalerate 0.4 DP and chlorpyriphos 20 EC, 0.04%.

Effect of organic manures on soil and quality parameters of cowpea[Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] under middle Gujarat conditions

An experiment was carried out on loamy sand soil to evaluate the effect of organic manures (farmyard manure, vermicompost, poultry manure, neem cake and castor cake) on soil and quality parameters of cowpea during summer season of 2014. Nine treatments were tried out in randomized block design with four replications. Recommended Dose Fertilizer (RDF) i.e. 20-40-0 NPK kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher chlorophyll content of leaves at 60 DAS and crude protein content in green seed over rest of the treatments except, vermicompost 2 t ha-1 and poultry manure 2 t ha-1. Soil chemical parameters viz., Organic Carbon (OC), EC, available N, P2O5 and K2O were found to be affected significantly due to different treatments. Higher OC content after harvest of the crop was reported under treatment Poultry manure 2 t ha-1. Whereas, treatment vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 recorded significantly reduction in EC over control, however, different treatments failed to exert their significant influence on soil pH after harvest of the crop. Significantly higher values of available nutrients (N, P2O5 and K2O) in the soil after harvest of the crop was observed under the treatment VC 2 t ha-1, FYM 2.5 t ha-1 and PM 2 t ha-1, respectively. RDF 20-40-0 kg NPK ha-1 recorded the maximum value of net realization with BCR value followed by treatment PM 2 t ha-1.

Response of water soluble fertilizers on maturity days, productivity per day and yield of banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. GRAND NAINE

Application of water soluble fertilizers and micronutrients through drip irrigation is easy, efficient and uniform method with minimum labour involvement to maximize productivity and profit in horticulture crops. The investigation entitled Response of water soluble fertilizers in banana ( Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. GRAND NAINE was conducted at Regional Horticultural Research Station, N.A.U., Navsari during 2011-12 and 2012-13. From economic point of view, 100 per cent RDF water soluble fertilizer (W 3 ) at 15 th days interval and micronutrient Grade- IV at 3 rd , 6 th and 9 th MAP (M1) treatments gave maximum productivity per day (kg/ha) and net realization. So, 100 per cent RDF through water soluble fertilizer successfully reduced crop duration, increase yield (t/ha), maximizing productivity in kg/ha/day and net realization of banana fruit cv. GRAND NAINE.

Nutrient requirement for confectionery groundnut (<italic>Arachis hypogaea</italic> L.) under irrigated condition

A field experiment was carried out during summer seasons of 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 at the Main Oilseeds Research Satiation, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh to determine the optimum nutrient requirement for confectionery on medium clay soil under irrigated condition. The experiment consisted of nine treatments <italic>viz</italic>., two nitrogen levels, two potassium levels, two levels of sulphur and control. Experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. N @ 50 kg/ha, K @ 50 kg/ha and S @ 40 kg/ha (T<sub>8</sub>) with recommended dose of phosphorus (50 kg/ha) recorded the higher pod yield of 2770 kg/ha and haulm yield of 4557 kg/ha with net realization ( j 85112/ha) and B:C ratio (3.34) which was closely followed by N @ 50 kg/ha, K @ 25 kg/ha and S @ 40 kg/ha (T<sub>6</sub>).

Comparison of Cost Structure, Package Rates and Financial Feasibility for Selected Surgeries Covered under Social Health Insurance Schemes

Social Health Insurance Scheme is an important innovation in health financing in India. The present study analyzed the cost and net realization by a multi-specialty/tertiary care hospital in treating the patients covered under two of the most successful Social Health Insurance Schemes—Yeshasvini and Kalaignar. A comparative analysis of the cost structure, package rates sanctioned by the schemes and the financial feasibility of the schemes for 210 surgeries in 12 specialties was conducted in a large hospital. In general, cost of consumables and manpower constituted nearly 70 per cent of the total cost. Only in four surgical categories, the tariff rate was adequate to meet the direct cost of care. Implications for improving net realization by the hospital as well as the scheme policy are discussed. Study Objectives To carry out a comparative analysis of the cost structure of the major procedures in the hospital covered under Yeshasvini and Kalaignar schemes; To compare the cost structure/s incurred by the hospital with the package rates approved by the schemes to evaluate the financial feasibility of the schemes across various departments of the hospital; and To suggest measures to reduce the costs of production for various procedures without negatively impacting the quality of care and, thereby, reduce the gap between the costs incurred by the hospital and the realization from the schemes. Methodology The cost incurred by the hospital in treating the patients covered under the two schemes—Yeshasvini and Kalaignar—for 210 surgical cases was analyzed. The costs of various resources on a per-patient basis including consumables, manpower, electricity, equipment, and use of facilities in and around the hospital were computed. Net realization by the hospital in the corresponding surgeries was computed by taking the approval amount (package rates) and total cost of care. The analysis was carried out for both the schemes by classifying data as ‘cardiac’ and ‘non-cardiac’ procedures. Results and Conclusions In general, Kalaignar scheme showed better cost recoveries than Yeshasvini scheme for similar types of cardiac and non-cardiac procedures. In all the cases studied, the major costs were attributable to cost of medicine and consumables and cost of manpower. The cost of medicine and consumables in cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries was 37 per cent and 29 per cent of the total cost, respectively. Manpower costs in the two types of surgeries were 42.5 per cent and 47.5 per cent, respectively. Net realization for all surgeries studied, showed that cardiac cases gave a better cost recovery than non-cardiac categories. It was observed that only 4 of the 12 surgical procedures studied posted earnings more than the total cost indicating low financial viability for the hospital. Implications for managers for reducing losses to the hospital are discussed. Large-scale studies on costing for various procedures across the networked and non-networked hospitals are warranted for revising package rates by the social insurance schemes.

Nutrient requirement for bold seeded confectionery groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under irrigated condition

A field experiment was carried out during the summer seasons of 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 at the Main Oilseeds Research Satiation, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh to determine the optimum nutrient requirement for confectionery groundnut to obtain higher productivity and profitability on medium clay soil under irrigated condition. The experiment consisted of nine treatments viz. , two nitrogen levels, two potassium levels, two levels of sulphhur and control. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications. Based on yield and yield components data, it was concluded that treatment N @ 50 kg/ha, K@ 50 kg/ha and S @ 40 kg/ha (T 8 ) with recommended dose of phosphorus (50 kg/ha) ) gave the highest pod yield of 2770 kg/ha and haulm yield of 4557 kg/ha with net realization (Rs.85112/ha) and B:C ratio (3.34) which was closely followed by N @ 50 kg/ha, K @ 25 kg/ha and S @ 40 kg/ha (T 6 ). It is, therefore, suggested that these doses of NPKS fertilizer should be recommended to the farmers in order to raise a healthy and good confectionery groundnut crop and ultimately get highest yields of pods.

Effect of Phosphorus, Sulphur and Biofertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nodulation in Mungbean on Loamy Sand Soils of Kutch

A field experiment was conducted for four consecutive years from 2007-08 to 2010-11 at Centers of Excellence for Research on Organic Farming S. D. Agricultural University, Bhachau, Kutch, to study the effect of P, S and Rhizobium on yield, yield attributes and nodulation of Mungbean. The experiment consisting of three levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40 kg ha-1), three levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 kg ha-1) and two levels of Rhizobium (inoculated and uninoculated), total 18 treatment combinations with three replications were comprised in factorial randomized block design. Application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 along with Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the yields, yield attributes and nodulation of Mungbean as compared to control, but it remained at par with 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 20 kg S ha-1. Maximum gross realization, net realization along with highest BCR of 6.73:1 was obtained under the treatment of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 along with Rhizobium inoculation.

Effect of Phosphorus, Sulphur and Biofertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nodulation in Mungbean on Loamy Sand Soils of Kutch

A field experiment was conducted for four consecutive years from 2007-08 to 2010-11 at Centers of Excellence for Research on Organic Farming S. D. Agricultural University, Bhachau, Kutch, to study the effect of P, S and Rhizobium on yield, yield attributes and nodulation of Mungbean. The experiment consisting of three levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40 kg ha-1), three levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 kg ha-1) and two levels of Rhizobium (inoculated and uninoculated), total 18 treatment combinations with three replications were comprised in factorial randomized block design. Application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 along with Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the yields, yield attributes and nodulation of Mungbean as compared to control, but it remained at par with 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 20 kg S ha-1. Maximum gross realization, net realization along with highest BCR of 6.73:1 was obtained under the treatment of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 along with Rhizobium inoculation.

Response of Rabi sorghum to land configuration and nutrient management

An experiment was carried out to access the land configuration and nutrient management on rabi sorghum crop at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2012–13. The treatment consist of three treatment of each land configuration (Lx: Flat bed, L2: Raised bed and L3: Ridge and furrow) and nutrient management (N1: FYM @ 10 t/ha+ 50% RDF, N2: bio-compost @ 6 t/ha+ 50% RDF and N3: 100% RDF (80-40-00 NPK kg/ha)). The results revealed that different treatments of land configuration gave significant variation in most of the growth as well as yield attributes. Ridge and furrow method (L3) recorded the highest values for plant height, number of internodes per plant, girth of stem, length of ear head, girth of ear head, weight of grain per plant and test weight. Significantly the highest grain yield (34.38 q/ha) and fodder yield (93.03 q/ha) were recorded under ridge and furrow (L3) method of sowing. The maximum net realization of (Rs. 22589.67/ha) with BCR value of (2.77) was achieved in {100% RDF (N3)} treatments where crop was left for seed production after cut. The treatment 100% RDF (N3) recorded significantly higher grain yield (32.25 q/ha) remaining on par with bio-compost @ 6 t/ha+ 50% RDF (N2).

Yield and Economics of Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek) Cultivars as Influenced by Integrated Nutrient Management

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2014 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, to study the “yield and economics of greengram [Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek] cultivars as influenced by integrated nutrient management.” Fourteen treatment combinations comprising of two varieties of greengram viz., Meha and GM 4 and seven treatments of integrated nutrient management viz., 100%RDF, 75%RDF+2tFYM/ha, 75% RDF+Rhizobium+PSB, 75%RDF+2tFYM/ha+Rhizobium+PSB, 50%RDF+4t FYM/ha, 50% RDF+Rhizobium + PSB and 50%RDF+4tFYM/ha+Rhizobium+PSB were evaluated. The results revealed that green gram cultivar Meha performed better by recordin 17.3 and 15.3 per cent higher seed yield and Stover yield, respectively over GM 4. Combined application of 75% RDF from urea+2tFYM/ha+Rhizobium+PSB recorded higher values for number of plant height, number of branches per plant, pods per plant, fresh and dry weight of root nodules, number of seeds per pod, pod length, number of seed per pod, 1000-seeds weight, seed and Stover yield over other combination and sole application of organic and inorganic source of nitrogen. Maximum net realization along with higher BCR value were recorded with variety Meha and Combined application of 75% RDF from urea+2 t FYM/ha + Rhizobium + PSB.

Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and biofertilizer on productivity and soil fertility after harvest of moongbean grown on light textured soil of Kachchh

A field experiment consisted of 24 treatment combinations of three levels of phosphorus(0, 20, 40 kg ha ?1 ) and three levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 kg ha ?1 ) and two level of biofertilizer in form of Rhizobium inoculation (inoculated and uninoculated) was conducted with four consecutive years from 2007-08 to 2010-11 were tested with three replications effect of under factorial Randomized Block Design at Bhachau-Kachchh to study the effect of P, S and Rhizobium on productivity and fertility of soil after harvest of moongbean. The soil of the experiment field was sand loamy with alkaline in reaction, low in nitrogen, sulphur and zinc, medium in phosphorus and potassium. Application of 40 kg P ha ?1 and 40 kg S ha ?1 along with Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the productivity of moongbean and improved the nutrient availability of soil at harvest of crop over the control. Maximum economic benefits of gross realization, net realization along with highest BCR of 6.73:1 under the treatment combination P 2 S 2 R 1 .

Effect of sulphur and zinc with and without FYM on yield and yield attributes of mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] grown on light textured soil of Kachchh

A field experiment consisting of 24 treatment combinations of four levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40, 60 kg/ha) and three levels of Zinc (0, 2.5 and 5.0kg Zn/ha) and two level of FYM (0 and 10 t FYM/ha) was conducted with two consecutive years from 2007-08 and 2008-09 with three replications under Factorial Randomized Block Design at Bhachau-Kachchh to study the effect of S and Zn with and without FYM on yield and yield attributes of mustard. Application of 60kg S/ha and 5.0kg Zn/ha along with 10t FYM/ha significantly increased the yield attributes and yield of mustard as compared to control but it was at par with the application of 40kg S/ ha and 5.0kg Zn/ha along with 10t FYM/ha and maximum economic benefits of gross realization, net realization along with highest BCR of 4.84:1.

Growth, yield, yield attributes and economics of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as influenced by integrated nutrient management

A field experiment was conducted at Sardarkrishinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University Sardarkrushinagar to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield attributes of summer groundnut in 2012. The soil of experimental field was loamy sand in texture, low in organic carbon (0.17 %) and available nitrogen (149 kg ha-1), medium in available P2O5 (29.3 kg ha-1) and rich in K2O (287 kg ha-1) status. Result revealed that the significantly highest pod yield (2650 kg ha-1), haulm yield (4633 kg ha-1), growth and yield parameters viz., plant height (43.9 cm), filled pods plant-1 (22.6), total pods plant-1 (31.4), pod weight plant-1 (22.3 g) and 100 kernel weight (43.9 g) were recorded under the treatment which received 125 % recommended dose of nitrogen through vermicompost. While in case of phosphorus application @ 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded significantly higher pod (2824 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (4655 kg ha-1) over PSB only and 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 which was at par with the application of phosphorus @ 25 kg ha-1 + PSB for yield attributing characters viz., filled pods plant-1, total pods plant-1, pod weight plant-1. Maximum net realization of `1,13, 056 ha-1 with CBR 4.49 was obtained under application of 125 % RDN through vermicompost with 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 (V3P4). Vermicompost and phosphorus did not exert its interaction effects during course of investigation. This concludes that the groundnut crop should be inoculated with PSB culture @ 200 g per 8 kg seeds before sowing and crop should be fertilized with 125% RDN through vermicompost and phosphorus @ 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 loamy sand soil of North Gujarat agro-climatic condition.

English

The economic analysis was conducted for cultivation of parthenocarpic cucumber cv. Dinamik under naturally ventilated polyhouse for two consecutive years, 2013 and 2014. The actual value of economic inputs along with subsidy component (65 and 75%) imparted by Government of Gujarat in coordination with Government of India was considered for fitting into simulation model. The differences in net realization of Rs. 371642.00 (BCR 1.36) and Rs. 164723.00 (BCR 0.55) for the years 2013 and 2014, respectively represented maximum dependency on prevailing market selling rate in respective years besides some minor difference in yield component. BCR of 2.03, 0.95 and 2.17, 1.03 could be anticipated by availing 65 and 75% subsidy in each individual year for a crop of short duration, thus opening new avenues for small farmers of the Gujarat, India.   Key words: Cucumber, parthenocarpic, protected cultivation, economics, subsidy.&nbsp

Effect of various plant growth regulators on yield and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. LUCKNOW-49

The present investigation was carried out to determine the suitable and optimum concentration of boron and plant growth regulators for maximum productivity and quality of guava cv. LUCKNOW-49 during Kharif season. From the present study it can be concluded that the treatment T 10 (0.2% boron + GA 3 60 ppm+ NAA 150 ppm + ethrel 750 ppm) was found best for physical parameters and treatment T 5 (0.2% boron + NAA 150 ppm) for yield point of view, while for quality point of view the treatment T 9 (0.2% boron + ethrel 1000 ppm) was found best. As far as the relative economics of the treatment is concerned, the maximum net realization of Rs. 1,72,807 per hectare with highest 1:6.6 cost benefit ratio (CBR) was obtained by the treatment T 5 (0.2% boron + NAA 150 ppm) as compared to other treatments. Therefore, the treatment T 5 (0.2% boron + NAA 150 ppm) is best among all treatment for higher production.

Forage equivalent yield, quality, soil status and economics of maize (Zea maysL.) as influenced by intercropping of cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL.) and fertility levels during kharif season

A field experiment was conducted on loamy sand soils of Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during the years 2011–12 and 2012–13. The soil of the experimental plot was very low in organic carbon (0.19%) and available nitrogen (169 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (39.65 ka/ha) and potash (271 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in spit plot design with four replications. Fifteen treatment combinations comprised five intercropping treatments viz., IC1 (sole maize), IC2 (sole cowpea), IC3 (maize+cowpea 2: 1), IC4 (maize+cowpea 3: 1) and IC5 (maize+cowpea 3: 1) and three fertility levels viz., F1 (75% RDF), F2 (100% RDF) and F3 (125% RDF). Maize equivalent yield was significantly influenced by intercropping levels. Treatment IC4 (maize+cowpea 2: 1) recorded significantly higher maize equivalent yield than rest of the treatments. Application of treatments IC4 (maize+cowpea 2: 1) recorded significantly higher nitrogen content, crude protein content, crude fiber content and phosphorus content in both the crops. Intercropping levels failed to exhibit their significant influence on total ash content, potash content and neutral detergent fiber of both the crops. Regarding soil available nutrients, treatment IC2 (sole cowpea) registered maximum values of nitrogen content but phosphorus and potash content was not influenced significantly by intercropping after harvest of crops. The maize equivalent yield was significantly influenced by fertility levels. Application of F3 (125% RDF) produced significantly higher maize equivalent yield but it was statistically similar with treatment F2 (100% RDF). Application of 125% RDF recorded significantly higher nitrogen content and crude protein content and crude fiber content in both the crops as well as phosphorus content and total ash content in maize crop and it was at par with 100% RDF. Fertility levels failed to exhibit their significant influence on phosphorus content and total ash content in cowpea as well as potash content and neutral detergent fiber in both the crops. Regarding soil available nutrients, treatment F3 (125% RDF) registered maximum values of nitrogen but it was at par with F2 (100% RDF). Application of intercropping IC4 (maize+cowpea 2: 1) recorded higher net realization of Rs. 30185/ha and higher BCR value of 2.85. Among different fertility levels, application of 125% RDF resulted in higher net realization (Rs. 28865/ha) but higher BCR (2.68) was recorded with treatment F2 (100% RDF) with net realization (Rs. 28411/ha) closely followed by F3 (125% RDF). The land equivalent ratio (1.22) was highest with IC4 (maize+cowpea 2: 1).

Integrated nutrient management in grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacusL.) under Middle Gujarat conditions

A field experiment was conducted at Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, during rabi season of 2011 - 2012 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on yield and quality of grains, soil fertility and economics. The results revealed that the grain amaranth variety Gujarat Amaranthus -2 (GA - 2) showed significant influence on growth and yield attributes, grain and Stover yields due to application of bio-fertilizer and vermicompost (Treatment T7). The treatment T7 which received 50% RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizers) + Vermicompost at the rate of 2 t ha−1 mixed with Azotobacter chroococcum (ABA 1) and PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) was found to be superior in growth and grain yield of amaranth when compared to other treatments. The highest protein content of 18.03% in grain was also observed in treatment T7 The available residual NPK status of soil recorded after the harvest of the crop was also found to be significant under the integrated treatments as against RDF alone. The economics of treatments showed that, among the various integrated approaches adopted in the present investigation, maximum value for net realization was obtained under the treatment T7

Productivity, quality and soil fertility status as well as economics of multi-cut summer forage pearl millet as influenced by varying levels of irrigation and nitrogen

A field experiment was conducted during summer seasons of 2011 and 2012 on sandy loam soil at Sardarkrushinagar to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen levels on multi-cut summer forage pearl millet. The results showed that of 2011 and 2012 as well as in pooled irrigation at 1.2 IW: CPE ratio producing significantly higher green fodder yield (1108.2 q/ha), dry matter yield (248.3 q/ha), crude protein content (9.7%) and yield (26.98 q/ha), available nitrogen (204.99 kg/ha) and phosphorus (38.64 kg/ha) over 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 ratios. However, water use efficiency (86.07 kg/ha) was higher with 0.8 IW/CPE ratio. The green fodder yield (1045.1 q/ha), dry matter yield (249.7 q/ha), crude protein content (10.6%), crude protein yield (26.77 q/ha), water use efficiency (87.66 kg/ha), available nitrogen (214.53 kg/ha) and phosphorus (41.23 kg/ha) were maximum at 200 kg N/ha compared to other levels (100 and 150 kg N/ha). The treatment combination of I4N3 (1.2 IW: CPE ratio+200 kg N/ha) registered the highest net realization of (Rs. 99499/ha with B: C ratio (3.56). Consequently for higher productivity and profitability of multi-cut summer forage pearl millet, it should be grown with irrigation at 1.2 IW: CPE ratio and fertilized with 200 kg N/ha.