Realities Of Modern Society Research Articles

Informal practices in intellectual networks

The functioning of society and its institutions is manifested in various practices that embody both officially established and a wide variety of socio-cultural norms. The subject of the study of this work includes systems of interactions and relationships in networks of intellectuals, which are formed in the process of habitualization of mechanisms of informal practices in the context of modern social development. The formal normative foundations of modern societies that ensure their stability and development prospects are studied. Guided by the concept of R. Merton, the authors emphasize the recognition of the permissibility of deviations from ideal normative designs. The object of the study is the processes of institutionalization of informal practices in the current conditions of social existence. The specifics of the design of intersubjective interactions between participants in networks of intellectuals in various informal institutions are presented, according to which their elements become generally accepted practice and in fact confirm their importance in the emerging relations, directing the development of modern social systems. The methodological foundations of the research are works on social philosophy, sociology, history and political science. The authors also addressed the methods and principles of the institutional, praxiological, network and system approach, as well as the theory of social interaction. The scientific novelty of the conducted research consists in identifying the ultimate foundations of informal practices, substantiating their heuristic advantages for modern social development in the theoretical and applied aspect, analyzing the regulatory capabilities of intelligent networks in relation to the normative foundations of specific spheres of social existence. The main conclusions drawn by the authors allow us to see that informal practices, including such socio-cultural concepts as activity orientations and attitudes, values and expectations, along with officially fixed and socially approved behavioral patterns, determine the effectiveness of intersubjective interactions and the attraction of additional resources. It is emphasized that in the realities of modern society on a global scale, the spheres of life are regulated by both formal norms and ideas introduced by intellectual networks, which contain informal rules.

Education of a valuable attitude to the Motherland in the context of the formation of the socio-cultural world of a preschool child

Today's realities require the development of effective methods and systems for raising a valuable attitude to the Motherland in preschoolers. Ukrainian society united for the sake of peace, freedom, independence. Our people showed a high national consciousness, love for their native land, the Motherland, showed a high level of patriotism. National education, as an important factor in ensuring state policy regarding national and cultural values, should focus considerable attention on the education of national and patriotic feelings of the younger generation. The analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature showed that fostering a valuable attitude to the Motherland is an urgent problem of modern education, since a democratic, independent state needs citizens with a strong national position, a sense of dignity and responsibility for the future of the native people. In this context, great importance is attached to folk pedagogy as a source of inexhaustible energy of folk wisdom, dignity, indomitability, strength. Purpose. Theoretically substantiate a harmonious system of education of a valuable attitude to the Motherland in preschoolers by means of folk pedagogy. The article discusses the topical issue of the importance of fostering a valuable attitude to the Motherland, which is determined by development trends and the realities of modern society. The author emphasizes the need to form worldview positions of a growing personality by means of folk pedagogy, active involvement of preschool children in the values of our society. Methods. Literature analysis, analogy, induction and deduction, questionnaire. Results. The theoretical aspects of fostering a valuable attitude to the Motherland are analyzed, the need to be based on national and universal values, traditions, culture, and the long-term heritage of folk pedagogy is emphasized. The modern trends of preschool education, which are based on the implementation of innovative technologies and integrated approaches to the formation and development of the child's personality, are characterized, the importance of relying on national culture, the values of folk pedagogy and ethnopedagogy of the native people is emphasized. According to the results of the theoretical analysis, we determined that folk pedagogy is the golden fund of scientific pedagogy, however, priority is given to folk education, which unites character, psychological features, mentality, traditional family culture. Therefore, it is expedient to define the peculiarities of the education of a valuable attitude towards the Motherland in preschool children: - the innate nature of national feelings, which is embedded in the child's psyche at the genetic level and is revealed subconsciously in each individual; - national feelings are most clearly manifested and organically formed in preschool age. Summarizing the results of scientific research on the education of a valuable attitude to the Motherland in the context of the formation of the socio-cultural world of a preschool child, it is appropriate to pay attention to the clarified conceptual meaning of the phenomenon under study. We define a valuable attitude to the Motherland as an active orientation of the individual to the national identity of the surrounding environment, which is due to the mastery of national and cultural values and the ability to implement national and cultural values in one's own activities and life. Originality. The novelty of the work consists in substantiating the main trend of national-patriotic education, which is based on the formation of a valuable attitude of the individual to his people, their culture, traditions, and values. National identity is formed under the influence of purposeful education by means of folk pedagogy and is based on state and national values. Conclusion. Value attitude is the subject's position in the system of social and cultural relations, which characterize the needs of the individual, his interests and ideals. Valuable attitude reveals the desire of the individual, it is always emotionally colored and has a meaningful connection of the individual with the objects of the surrounding world

Social Media Discourse: Intensional Approach

Social media is a new reality of modern society and represent as a platform of online communication of millions of people. During the discussion reflection of current events is happening, positions of communication’s subjects on topical issues are forming and changing, impact is made. Definition of intentional characteristics of network discourse related to motivational, perceptual-cognitive processes, communicants’ practical activity becomes particularly relevant in this regard. The approach realized in this study is aimed at characterizing the intentional space of social media discourse and identifying discursive markers of Internet users’ actual intentions, suitable for their objective evaluation. 46 messages of various topics and their discussion (1835 comments) on various network resources in 2015–2022 are served as the material for our study. Intent-analysis is used to assess psychological content of speech. This method allows to determine communicators’ intentions associated with current interaction and communicative tactics. 51 categories of intentions are described (4947 realizations). High intensity negative intentions dominate among them regardless of their topics that points to pronounced negative evaluability and potential conflictuality. In addition, social media discourse has clear informational focus due to extensive representation of neutral intentions associated with exchange of opinions, analysis and discussion of the situation. Context specific markers of communicators’ intentions: lexical, semantic, graphic and punctuation are found in it. Some markers are specific to certain intentions; others are realized in actualization of a number of intentions that associated with the variety of expression ways and words’ multiple meanings.

Factors for Building an Intellectual Property Culture

In modern conditions of innovative processes development, the creative personality, as well as the appeal to human capital, comes to the fore. The ideas, technologies and developments generated by human creative work, as well as the transaction (considered in the article as a method of social retraining) of intellectual property, become the realities of modern society. In this regard, the term “intellectual property culture” is of great importance, which is studied both by followers of this phenomenon and by specialists working in the field of intellectual property. A number of authors note that there is no understanding of intellectual property among people, its culture has not been formed.This research is relevant because it can contribute to achieving the goals of scientific and technological development, innovative transformation of society, activates a creative personality to produce new results of intellectual activity. The article gives its own definition of intellectual property culture. A significant role in its formation can be played by libraries, which are transformed and acquire new functions of educational and social-communication interaction.The activities of the All-Russian Patent and Technical Library of the Federal Institute of Industrial Property to popularize the field of intellectual property through the “soft power” factor are aimed at working with various target audiences. For adults, they hold thematic meetings on diverse intellectual property issues. In addition, they pay great attention to working with patent information to improve the effectiveness of research in scientific and technical fields. The patent information is a reflection of the results of scientific and design work and makes it possible to evaluate the idea of an invention and determine the starting point of the search for new solutions.As a conclusion, the article presents direct, indirect and prospective factors of the influence of library activities on the formation of intellectual property culture.

Forms of Interaction in the Conditions of Social Reality Management: Dramatic metaphor by B.W. Pierce and V.E. Kronen

The article represents the author’s approach to the study of various forms of interactions manifested when using the «dramatic metaphor» by B.W. Pierce and V.E. Kronen in the conditions of social reality management. The sources of the appearance and specificity of the «dramatic metaphor» within the framework of the theory of coordinated management of meaning are shown; the possibilities of this metaphor in line with the management of the social reality of traditional and modern society on the basis of a communication approach are noted. The methodological basis of the research is the works of (a) A.A. Gritsanov, representing social reality in the context of intersubjectivity; (b) B.W. Pierce and V.E. Kronen, who developed a hierarchical model of the organization of the meanings of actors; (c) F.I. Sharkov, who highlighted the specifics of managing the social reality of mass society. Based on the conducted research, the author concludes that the forms of interaction developed under the conditions of using a «dramatic metaphor» can contribute to the formation of management as a tool for competent modeling of the social reality of modern society.

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR

Dear readers, We are pleased to present to you Issue 1. 2022, of the scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The Space of Culture. Upon the recommendation of the Expert Council of the Higher Attestation Commission, the journal is included in the List of Leading Peer-reviewed Scientific Journals and Publications in which the main scientific results of theses for the academic degrees of doctor and candidate of science must be published. The journal publishes scientific articles by leading specialists in various humanitarian fields, doctoral students, and graduate students. Research areas concern topical problems in multiple areas of culture, art, philology, and linguistics. This versatility of the review reveals the main specificity of the journal, which represents the current state of the cultural space. The issue opens with the article "Al Noor Island - a Place Where Art and Culture Meet Nature" by J. Smolenkova. It is devoted to modern architecture and touches upon the philosophy of architecture ecology as a new concept of contemporary construction. On the example of a unique project implemented on the island of Al Noor in the UAE, the author considers examples of pavilions and sculptural installations, united by the theme of new aesthetics and humanistic mutual influence of nature and architecture as new realities of modern society. In her article "Glasstress: a Transparent Border Between Mimicry and Mimesis", M. Burganova analyses the modern artistic process that began in the middle of the 20th century as part of the craft + art concept using the example of "Glasstress. Window to the Future” exhibition, held in the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. The Stalinist Empire style, a unique phenomenon in the architecture of the Soviet period, is analysed by V. Slepukhin in the article "Soviet Architecture of the 1930-1950s". The author determines its place among such architectural styles and trends as Art Nouveau, Rationalism and Constructivism and gives a detailed description. In the article “Palladian Architecture of Denmark in the 17th-18th Centuries”, O. Tsvetkova considers the evolution of architecture in Denmark in the 17th-18th centuries, explores the influence of French classicism and Dutch Palladianism on national manifestations of style. On the example of specific buildings, the chronology of the classical architectural tradition development is traced. The creative continuity of architectural dynasties is studied in the context of the pan-European architectural trends of the time; the history of the Danish architecture development is traced. I. Pavlova continues the theme of dialogues in art in the article “The Role of the ‘English’ Theme in One of the Episodes of L. Tolstoy’s Novel, Anna Karenina". The author expresses the opinion that the development of the "English" theme in the episodes of the races and preparations for them serves to dispell false values, the ephemeral virtues of Tolstoy's contemporary society, pride and arrogance. The author believes that the main role of the "English" theme lies in the development and implementation of the moralistic setting of the novel, the expansion of the content space of the work and depiction of the dramatic image of the era. In the article "V. Borovikovsky’s Sketch ‘God the Father Contemplating Dead Christ’ As a Synthesis of Western European and Orthodox Traditions”, V. Makhonina considers iconographic interpretations of the plot and conducts a stylistic analysis of the work. The article "The Concept - Text - Interpretation Triad in Piano Music of the Second Half of the 20th - 21st Centuries" by O. Krasnogorova is devoted to the problems of the performing arts of modern times in the context of the general system of humanitarian thinking. The concept of interpretation from the standpoint of conceptual metaphors and research in the field of musical semiology are considered by the author. In the article, the broad interpretation of a musical text goes beyond the actual musical text into the area of ??signs, metaphors and metonyms. In the article "Instrumental Performance on Wind and Percussion Instruments in the Context of Traditional Rituals Accompanying Work in China", Huang Shuai analyses traditional Chinese wind and percussion instruments; he considers such issues as instrumental combinations and musicians. The author applies the historical research method, source study and musicological analysis of audio and video materials. The publication is addressed to professionals specialising in the theory and practice of the fine arts and philology and all those interested in the arts and culture.

Constructivism of the weak

In this paper, I argue that equality-oriented liberalism is also possible through the union of freedom and public utility. The union of freedom and public utility has the advantage of constructing a theory. First, the “union of freedom and public utility” has the merit that it is based on the reality of modern society and the people living in it. Modern society is a complex, diversified, and functionally differentiated society. In such a society, it is difficult to expect a formative politics based on the common good of communitarianism and the virtue of the citizens emphasized by the republican theory. Rather, there is a better point in setting a feasible goal to construct a theory based on individual liberties rather than the common good of the community, and individual interests rather than civic virtues. Second, “the union of freedom and public utility” is suitable to cope with the ills of modern capitalist society at a realistic level. While communitarianism or republicanism has a high goal but is not feasible, the goal pursued by the union of freedom and public utility is lower than that of communitarianism or republicanism, but I think it is not feasible. As can be seen in the expression of “the totality of capitalism,” in modern capitalism, the power of capital and market extends not only to the economic realm, but also to all fields such as politics, science, and art. In this situation, society is increasingly divided into a minority, which is the strongest economically, and the majority, which are economically weak. Utilitarianism has a history of improving many ills of aristocratic society in the early days, representing the interests of the majority. There is ample room for utilitarianism, which represents the interests of the majority, to emerge in the modern capitalist society divided into minorities and majority. We need a second constructivism and a second natural law. The second constructivism refers to the theory that the socially weak forms from their own point of view (actually, the theory that elite scholars form from the socially weaker’s point of view). The second natural law I’m talking about is the natural law of natural human rights. The first natural law that I assume is the natural law of the strong, such as Plato s theory of ideology and medieval Christianity s new law. The second constructivism and the second natural law take a model for the weak. However, the power is weak compared to the first constructivism and the first natural law asserted by the strong, so it is often pushed back from the social-led theory. In a way, this may be the fate of the second constructivism and the second natural law. That s how the world works. Nevertheless, it is clear that the second constructivism and the second natural law will be achieved one by one in human history. A theory construction is needed for the weak among the weak (for example, non-regular workers and refugees), but the construction of the theory for them is difficult in nature and difficult not only in practice but also in theory. This is why the second natural law based on the theory of natural human rights is still valid. No matter how much the modern society is in the era of constructivism, the theory of natural law based on the theory of natural human rights still has strong power.

Цифровое гражданство в Российской Федерации: политические риски и перспективы

ntroduction. The realities of modern society reflect the demand of science to understand, explain and stage the structural transformations of the political process of a digital nature. Civic Internet activity is acquiring non-hierarchical forms and is ahead of technological practices used by the state. Introducing themselves into the modern political process, network organizational structures allow the formation of strong horizontal ties, acting as a tool for accumulating public opinion and mobilizing intellectual resources. Methods and methodology. In this article, the features of digital citizenship are considered through the following theoretical and methodological foundations: digital citizenship in the concept of a network club; generational theory of being digital citizens; digital citizenship as a value system of user strategies; the administrative plane of obtaining the legal status of a citizen in the network. Analysis. Synergy effects from joint activities of government, business and civil society institutions in the implementation of digital citizenship are extremely important. In connection with the creation of digital citizenship infrastructure in the Russian Federation, obtaining a digital profile of a citizen is of particular importance. Particular attention is paid to the risk factors for digital citizenship. The need to develop trust bridges between government and society, where co-management contributes to the formation of a safe and comfortable environment in physical and digital spaces, is argued. Results. The authors proposed the concept of architecture for building digital citizenship, which consists of the phased implementation of digital services: 1) the introduction of platform solutions in the field of public administration: the provision of public services in digital format, the launch of the Public Services Portal of the Russian Federation; 2) an increase in the number of public services provided in the online format, the launch of the Unified Identification and Authentication System (ESIA); 3) the Russian Federations citizen’s digital profile creation, the launch of digital super services at the ESIA website, the introduction of an electronic passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that the digital citizenship has new end-to-end communication capabilities, coupled with the extraterritoriality of processes. It is proved that digital citizenship is a fundamental right in the digital age. Digital literacy and digital security stand out as important elements of digital citizenship.

TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION OF CRITICAL THINKING DEVELOPMENT IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN HIGHER SCHOOL

The article attempts to reveal the essence of the concept«critical thinking» and to consider the development of this kindof thinking in higher school students at foreign languageclasses. It is noted that the ability to acquire skills independentlyand use them in practical activities, and not only the amount ofacquired knowledge, has an essential role to play in the adaptationof a graduate to the realities of modern society. Therefore, thecritical thinking technology applying, as well as the traditionalforms of activity in higher education in the process of foreignlanguage teaching, is seen as a clear necessity. The articlenotes that the main purpose of critical thinking development ofstudents who do not have the developed skills to think criticallyis to extend the mental competence to solve social, scientific andpractical problems effectively. Students of higher educationalestablishments have a range of considerable knowledge andsufficient social experience. They are able to transform theexisting knowledge and skills into competencies, provided thatthey are highly motivated and there are active cognitive activities.Thus, the task of teaching critical thinking skills is to developthe cognitive activity of students based on logical, research andcritical thinking. On the basis of the analysis of the practicalexperience of a foreign language course teaching in a higherschool, the development opportunities are revealed andstrategies of the critical thinking development of students inforeign language classes are considered (annotation, preview,contextualization, self-questioning, reflexion, evaluative judgment,comparison and contrasting). Certain methods, promoting criticalthinking at different stages of learning have been proposedin the paper (Basket of ideas, concepts; Cluster; Margin notes;Сinquain making; Training brainstorming; Essay writing). It hasbeen concluded that the critical thinking technology applied atforeign language classes at higher schools significantly increasesthe time of language practice for each student, helps to facilitatetheir learning acquisition, addresses a wide range of educationaland developmental tasks. The teacher becomes an organizerof students' independent educational, communicative andcreative activities and has the opportunity to improve the learningprocess, develop students' communicative skills and developtheir personality comprehensively.

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ СУДЕБНОГО ДОКУМЕНТООБОРОТА С ЭКСПЕРТНЫМИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯМИ

The purpose of the study is to introduce elements of digitalization and automation into the judicial workflow. Particular attention in this work is paid to the transition to the new realities of modern society – the widespread digitalization of various spheres of human life and activities on the basis of projects, strategies, laws and concepts adopted and put into effect by the Government of the Russian Federation. The main provisions of the introduced normative documents related to the computerization of document circulation are given, and the main results of their adoption are listed. The article also considered the advantages and disadvantages of introducing an electronic system for the provision of court proceedings. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the proposal to create not only a specialized document management system for the judicial authorities, but also in the development of a regulatory document – regulations for maintaining, processing, storing and submitting documents for submitting them in electronic form and further using them as court procee- dings materials. The proposed regulation touches upon the issues of the format, name and rules of registration of the documents provided. As a result of the study, the need for interconnection of the proposed developments was identified. The issue of the functioning of the digital document management application for the judiciary was also raised, and measures were proposed and considered to ensure the safety and security of case materials in the context of the implementation of the proposals presented. In the article, the author proposed some aspects of the requirements that need to be included in the newly developed regulation in order to ensure maximum understanding, simplicity and legality in the proposed workflow program for further improving the judicial sphere.

Structural analysis of consequences of corruption in the environmental sector in modern society

This article shows the dialectic influence of phenomenon of corruption on the social reality of modern society. The main approaches to assessing the consequences of corruption processes are considered. Through the prism of these approaches, a structural analysis of consequences of corruption in economic, political, social and spiritual spheres of society is carried out. Based on the philosophical principle of reflection, factors of social danger of corruption are identified, main manifestations of corruption affecting the formation of the image of social reality are described. The article provides a critical analysis of the revisionist approach. Its supporters believe that corruption can be viewed as a natural phenomenon that manifests itself in the transitional periods of development of society, with a change in the norms of its functioning and the lack of consensus, as well as a kind of mediator that unites the emerging privileged and excluded strata a changing society. The main function of corruption within this approach is to preserve the unity and maintain the integrity of socio-economic system in certain conditions, after which corruption should disappear. The laws of dialectics are manifested in this area of human interactions. Therefore, we can talk about the socially constructive function of studied social phenomenon. It is shown that the ratio of constructive and destructive consequences of corruption manifestations in various social systems and at different stages of their historical development varies.

Сorruption as a part of social reality of modern society

Сorruption as a part of social reality of modern society

Социоинформационные аспекты профессиональной подготовки студента технического вуза.

The modern development of the social, informational and professional organization of society has led to a more dense integration of the university into the life of society. The integration of a modern technical university into the socio-cultural space requires that the activities of the university correspond to the development trends of modern culture, the emerging information society, economy, production and technology. The influence of culture, norms and values of society on the student substantiates the socio-humanitarian component of the training of students of a technical university. It also determines the socially acceptable trajectory of its technical projects, methods of their implementation and practical application. The task of an engineer at the present stage of development of the information society is not only the creation of technical mechanisms, devices and systems, but also ensuring their effective functioning in society. Today's reality is such that a modern specialist more and more must be able to independently include in the system of his activities the growing flow of social contacts and information, and not only professional ones, but also not directly related to professional activities. We are talking about the formation of a new quality and image of an engineer, adapted to the rapidly changing social and informational realities of modern society. As a result, a technical university should form an appropriate educational environment, including socio-informational aspects of the student's future professional activity.

Features of increasing interest in tradition in modern societies and compensation theory

The phenomenon of «tradition» in the realities of modern society requires an important rethinking and differentiation between its objective existence as a certain component of social reality, as well as tradition as a fact of consciousness of society, as an ideologeme. In science, «tradition» is interpreted not as an unchanging and frozen pattern, but as a constantly transforming, reconstructed and, paradoxically, sometimes trying to keep up with the times phenomenon. What is important, reconstruction can take place spontaneously, and therefore subjects, as a rule, recreate such behavior patterns that were learned in the process of socialization.

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ САМОРАЗВИТИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ ГУМАНИТАРНЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ

Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of youth self-development during the student years. It is shown that in the new realities of modern society, undergoing a change in social guidelines, self-development is becoming one of the leading factors in the formation of personality. The central issue of the work is the features of self-development of the personality of students in humanitarian areas. It is noted that an understanding of their psychological characteristics of self-development is necessary for the formation of professional competencies and the achievement of a high professional level. However, modern studies on the issues of self-development of the personality of students in humanitarian fields are insufficient, which creates certain difficulties in the process of conducting the pedagogical process in universities, and complicates the creation of educational technologies. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the study of psychological characteristics of personality self-development among students in humanitarian fields. The research methodology consists of scientific and research works of Russian and international scientists on the problems of self-development. In the study of self-development, the basic theory is to consider the self-development of an individual as an integrative formation. The study was carried out using test “Meaningful Life Orientations”(D. Sambo and L. Makholika), R. Kettell’s multivariate personality study method, and G. Eysenck’s test, test “Diagnostics of Achievement Motivation” (A. Mehrabian) , “ Locus of Control” test (J. Rotter ), the dispositional optimism questionnaire (TDO) (in adaptation by T.O. Gordeeva), the diagnostics of the level of self-development and professional pedagogical activity (L.N. Berezhnova), and a survey. When synthesizing and analyzing empirical materials, mathematical methods of statistical data processing were used: Spearman’s rank correlation method, factor analysis with varimax rotation. Research results. Based on the theoretical analysis of the scientific literature on the problem of self-development, the basic views on self-development, possible structures and mechanisms of self-development are considered. It is noted that for students in humanitarian areas, self-development is quite closely correlated with self-esteem and work with life goals, and disintegrative views often prevail in the space of meaning-life orientations. Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that the use of the results of this study in the development and implementation of educational technologies for students in humanitarian fields allows us to optimize the process of formation of professional competencies.

Lecture in Post-secondary Education Institution within the Context of Competence Approach

This article addresses a problem of the potential of a university lecture. On the one hand, training of highly qualified personnel should meet the modern requirements, and on the other hand, lecture remains the main form of holding a tutoring at university. An analysis of attributes of higher education modern pedagogical system, such as a purpose of system functioning, subjects (students, teachers, etc.), content of training, made it possible to conclude about qualitative changes in their nature, characteristics, requirements related to the new realities of modern society. The old stereotypes and attitudes which have been being formed for centuries and have already lost their value, but continue to dictate forms, means and methods of educational process organization are a hindrance to the development of higher education. The need of society and state for qualified personnel has led to introduction of competence-based approach in training of specialists who have an activity orientation, an ability to fulfill functional duties, to solve professional problems. Development of professional competences is possible only in the conditions of the implementation of practice-based educational/professional activity, specially organized students’ self-reliant work, immediate application of knowledge acquired for the solution of various tasks.

RETIREMENT BENEFIT SCHEME IN UKRAINE: CURRENT REALITIES AND EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE

The subject of the study is theoretical and methodological principles of theretirement benefit scheme formation in Ukraine in the context of eurointegrationtransformations.The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical substantiation of the essence of Ukraineretirement benefit scheme in the context of European integration transformation, studying theEuropean countries experience in reforming the retirement benefit scheme and the possibilitiesof its application.Research methods. The study uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, includinglogical generalization, systemic, method of comparisons, graphical, which allowed to ensure theconceptual unity of research.Results of work. The article deals with the actual approaches to the «retirement benefitscheme» concept definition, substantiates its essence, defines the methods of social protectionand features of the construction of the national pension system in European countries. Theproblems and perspectives of development of the modern pension system of Ukraine as animportant component of the population social security are researched. The attention is focusedon the problems of reducing the payment of pension contributions, raising the retirement age anddeveloping non-state pension funds.The field of results application. In the field of economics and in the practical activities ofthe structural units of the Pension Fund of Ukraine.Conclusions. The main results of the study and its theoretical and methodological resultscan be reduced to the following wording: the retirement benefit scheme in each country is animportant component of social protection of the population, and the effectiveness of this systemdepends on the welfare of the population and the level of stability in society; the pension systemof Ukraine does not meet the requirements of the present due to complicated problems, whichare caused to some extent by the shortcomings of the existing retirement benefit scheme, theimperfection of the mechanism of its financing. Further study of the European countriesexperience and successful constructive solutions will be useful for their application in theprocess of building and reforming our own pension system, which will avoid negativetendencies, caused by socio-economic realities of modern society.

Бедность населения как социальная реальность современного общества: основные подходы к оценке

Бедность населения как социальная реальность современного общества: основные подходы к оценке

Taylor-Made

In A Secular Age (2007), Charles Taylor ties modernity to a secular worldview in which any religion is understood as one possible belief among many. To make this argument, Taylor's primary foil is that of the unbeliever – the individual who regards atheism as the baseline standard for religious commitment and every religion as an unnecessary accretion on this baseline. The atheist, to Taylor, is quintessentially modern, embodying a sense of invulnerability that stems from a misguided attempt to irreparably close off the possibility of transcendence. The unbeliever represents, for Taylor, the best proof that modern society hinges on the binary between immanence and transcendence. However, recent sociological work on the experiences of self-identifying atheists throws a wrench in Taylor's critical treatment of the unbeliever. A small but provocative body of literature on so-called “irreligious experiences” demonstrate that atheists frequently describe experiences which look virtually identical to the kinds of experiences that Taylor regards as openings onto a transcendental plane. In this paper, I briefly adumbrate the contours of irreligious experiences and demonstrate the ways that they complicate Taylor's depiction of unbelief as the attempt to foreclose the possibility of transcendence. I argue that such a view of atheism requires Taylor to inconsistently deploy his crucial conceptual tool, “the background,” at times privileging and at other times downplaying the importance of lived experience. Furthermore, I argue that Taylor's reductive portrayal of atheists illustrates a number of problems with Taylor's overall depiction of modernity. As a means to move beyond Taylor's equation of modernity with the dominance of immanence over transcendence, I then turn to the thought of Bruno Latour, whose treatment of modernity provides a more consistent take on how modernity is experienced as opposed to idealized. I argue that, for Latour, the binary between immanence and transcendence is not a reality of modern society but a myth which justifies the continuous blurring of that same binary in lived experience. Thus, Latour maintains Taylor's emphasis on those conceptual categories which have achieved prominence in modern society (immanence, transcendence) but reverses the direction of analysis by which to understand such categories, creating a more nuanced and complex account of modern subjectivities.

Valoración de dos aplicaciones para la autogestión de la medicación en pacientes mayores. Estudio cualitativo

IntroductionThe aging population and the growing use of technology are two realities of modern society. Developing tools to support medication self-management to polymedicated elderly may contribute to increase their safety. ObjectiveTo know how patients polymedicated and older than 64 years manage dose their medication and assessment the utility of two medication self-management applications, specifically analyzing management systems, medication errors and positive and improvable aspects of each of the tools presented. Patients and methodsSeven focal groups with 59 patients from associations and health departments were conducted. In such meetings, they received the applications and they were encouraged to use it. Then, a several group questions were asked them about their health status, how they managed their medication and their assessment about the applications. ResultsMost participants reported to use memory strategies to take correctly their medication. They assessed positively the applications although some of them showed resistance to incorporate it in their daily routine. The simple interface and ease of use were the characteristics of the applications most appreciated by patients. ConclusionsIs possible to foster among elderly patients the use of technological tools to support the proper administration of medications with purpose is to decrease errors and increase safety. When designing health applications is necessary to take into account the preferences of those who are targeted.