Existence Of God Research Articles

Physicotheology in Kant’s Transition from Nature to Freedom

AbstractThis article examines Kant’s treatment of the design argument for the existence of God, or physicotheology. It criticizes the interpretation that, for Kant, the assumption of intelligent design satisfies an internal demand of inquiry. It argues that Kant’s positive appraisal of physicotheology is instead better understood in terms of its polemical utility for rebutting objections to practical belief in God upon which Kant’s ethicotheological argument rests, and thus as an instrument in the transition from theoretical to practical philosophy. Kantian physicotheology plays this role (a) by criticizing alternative speculative accounts of the ground of nature, and (b) by analogizing from the structure of finite rational agency in order to represent more clearly the action of an ideal agent.

Moses Mendelssohn's Original Modal Proof for the Existence of God

In Morning Hours (1785), Moses Mendelssohn presents a proof for the existence of God from the grounding of possibility. Although Mendelssohn claims that this proof is original, it has not received much attention in the secondary literature. In this paper, I analyze this proof and present its historical context. I show that although it resembles Leibniz's proof from eternal truths and Kant's precritical possibility proof, it has unique characteristics that can be regarded as responses to deficiencies Mendelssohn identified in these earlier proofs. I argue that by analyzing the semantics of judgments about dispositions, Mendelssohn provides a novel explanation for the basic premise shared by these proofs, namely that possibility is grounded in actuality. Additionally, this analysis simplifies the inference to a unique infinite mind grounding all possibility. Thus, the proof is worth studying both for historical reasons and for its original account of modal concepts.

Phenomenological and Dialogic Thinking in Spiritual Reading: Spiritual Paradigms of Selected Biblical Figures

The paper explores spiritual reading through the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, Dialogue of Martin Buber, and Emmanuel Levinas, as the transition from phenomenology to dialogic thinking. This is fundamentally anchored on Kees Waaijman’s design for the discipline of spirituality in his book Spirituality. Forms, Foundations and Methods. The investigation centers on the movements, moments, and layers involved in the spiritual dynamic relationship. This is articulated more through the examination of selected biblical figures. As the paper draws to an end, it describes phenomenologically what spiritual reading is, including the layers involved both in the reality of God and the human person.ReferencesBuber, M., I and Thou. New York 1970, (First Touchstone Edition 1996).The Cambridge Companion to Husserl, (Ed. B. Smith & D. Smith), Cambridge, 1995.Catholic Church., Catechism of the Catholic Church: Revised in Accordance with the Official Latin Text Promulgated by Pope John Paul II., Washington, DC: United States Catholic Conference, 2000.Husserl, E., Experience and Judgment. Investigation in the Genealogy of Logic. Evanston, Northwestern University Press, 1973.______., Cartesian Mediations, the Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1967.______., Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy (1st book), The Hague -Boston-Lancaster: Springer, 1983.______., The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970. Levinas, E., Beyond the Verse. Talmudic Readings and Lectures, Bloomington-Indianapolis, 1994.______., Emmanuel Levinas. Basic Philosophical Writings, (Ed. A Peperzak, S. Critchley, & R. Bernasconi), Bloomington-Indianapolis, 1996.______. Of God who comes to Mind, Stanford, 1998.______., Totality and Infinity, Pittsburgh, 1969.John of the Cross, The Living Flame of Love, in Collected Works of St. John of the Cross, (transl. K. Kavanaugh & O. Rodriguez), Washington D.C.,1979.Moran, D., Introduction to Phenomenology, New York, 2000.The New American Bible, Washington, DC: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2002.New Revised Standard Version, Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1989.Welzen, H., Biblical Spirituality, Contours of a Discipline, Leuven: Peeters, 2018.______., Contours of Biblical Spirituality as a Discipline, Acta Theologica, 15 (2011), 37-60.Waaijman, K., Spirituality. Forms, Foundations, Methods., Leuven: Peters, 2002.

조성희 영화의 공간 연구

The purpose of this article is to examine the meaning of the post-apocalypse space in director Jo Sung-hee's film. Director Jo Sung-hee's movie space is largely divided into three characteristics. First of all, the existence of God was dealt with through Metaphor in the space of ruins after the end. Next, I made a story with a strong cartoon feeling, which was related to the growth, awakening, and change of the character. It was characterized by the appearance of a secret space within such a story. Finally, space was used to describe the grim future of the Earth. At this time, it showed a world that transcends language, race, country, and gender. In conclusion, in director Jo Sung-hee's film, the meaning of time and space after the end could be compressed into the following three. First, it is a strategy to secure the universality of the narrative. Second, it is an attempt to find a balance by matching the space of the character's inner and outer surfaces. Third, it functions to deliver a message of hope to the pessimistic reality.

Religious Eschatology: The Doctrine of the Coming of the Savior In the End Times in the Perspective of Abrahamic Religion

Eschatology is a doctrine or teaching related to the last days, in the Abrahamic religious belief about eschatology, namely the arrival of a savior at the end of time for these religions, namely Christianity, Judaism and Islam, the three religions believe that at the end of time a when there will be a savior who will save them from the chaos that existed in the world before the apocalypse. This issue includes who is the true savior for Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. This paper aims to find out who is the savior of the end times for the Abrahamic Religion, namely Christianity, Judaism and Islam. The form of this research uses Research from the Library (Library Research) which is carried out by collecting data including books, journals and others as well as clarifying some of the literature related to this research. According to Christianity, Jesus is their savior, who will save Christians from various corruptions in the end times, then the Jews believe in the Messiah or the Messiah as their savior in the last days, because with the messiah they can live in peace. without any interference from others, and Muslims believe in the existence of Allah's Apostle, Jesus son of Mary, who will save you Muslims from the Fitnah of Dajjal at the end of time, so Muslims need Jesus' help to kill Dajjal before the apocalypse comes.

Improving The Personality Character of Students Through Learning Islamic Religious Education

Islamic religious education is very important for the formation of one's personality. Guidance and direction are religious doctrines designed to make people believe in the existence of God and religion wholeheartedly, comply with religious orders in the form of worship, and have noble morals. Through studying Islamic religious education, the author hopes that someone can have good values in himself so that he can turn them into good behavior in everyday life. In addition, Islamic religious education can also enable a person not to do things that are not allowed in religion. The application of Islamic education is carried out by increasing piety to Allah SWT, and noble character is the embodiment of the faith that is believed by everyone. Therefore, combining happiness and piety in one person will avoid destructive, slanderous, and socially detrimental behavior, and is very dangerous for the unity and integrity of the nation in the future.

Dialogues between Ivan and Smerdyakov after the murder of their father from The Brothers Karamazov: their educational implications

ABSTRACT In the modern world, alienation and marginalisation are serious issues that make people doubt the existence of God. Due to the development of science and technology, which allows humans more space to act as they desire, society has become even more secularised. Fyodor Dostoevsky foresaw and struggled with these problems – as represented in his literary masterpieces, such as The Brothers Karamazov. However, his works are rarely discussed in educational fields. This study, therefore, aims to analyse and obtain educational implications from the dialogues between Ivan Fyodorovich Karamazov and Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov during three visits after the murder of their father, Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov, in The Brothers Karamazov. Ivan rebelled against God because of the injustice in this world, while Smerdyakov had been a victim of such injustice from his birth. They cooperated based on the Man-God ideology advocated by Ivan. However, it did not liberate them; rather, they awoke with a sense of guilt. For educational implications, while Ivan did not consider Smerdyakov an equal, ‘good people’ treated them differently. They supported Smerdyakov and Ivan with care and realist senses by not only supporting the brothers in any situation but also predicting and accepting undesirable scenarios for them.

Analisis Semiotik Puisi “Kematian Dan Makam Mistik” Karya Jalaluddin Rumi

This research was motivated by the author's admiration for Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi's work and the author's interest in analyzing one of the poems as extraordinary material because there are many meanings and implied signs that need to be studied for meaning. The purpose of this study is to examine meaningfulness based on signs contained in one of Jalaluddin Rumi's poems entitled "Death and the Mystical Tomb" using a semiotic approach. The semiotic approach is an approach by examining literary works based on their signs, these signs represent other things, not actual things. Therefore, the semiotic approach in poetry will clarify the meaning that has been a sign in the expression of a poet. . The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method, which is a method that explains and describes the results of poetry analysis based on the data obtained. This study focuses on the discussion of the marks that appear in the poem "Death and the Mystical Tomb" by Jalaluddin Rumi which is then analyzed, so as to show signs that represent the meaning of the poem. The poem entitled "Death and the Mystical Tomb" by Jalaluddin Rumi is closely related to self-awareness of love for God. In the poem it can be concluded that there are many meanings implied through signs and signs in the form of symbols and icons only, which in its meaning leads to the existence of God's love which manifests in the beauty of the heart as a sign of life.

THEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY IN THEIR RELATION TO LOGIC

This article analyzes the relationship of philosophy and theology to the phenomenon of thinking–logic culture. Religions, as you know, can be divided on different grounds. Religion is, of course, not only a form of social consciousness, as, for example, he taught the official world communication. Religion is a rather complex sphere of culture. The article is based on some of the paradigms of religions: firstly, it is the recognition or non-recognition of the existence of God (gods). In this case, religions are divided into non-theistic (recognizing the existence of God or gods) and non-theistic (denying the existence of God or gods. The second type includes, for example, Buddhism. The second basis for distinguishing religions is the number of postulated and revered gods. As a rule, either many gods are postulated (this is polytheism) or one god (this is monotheism). Finally, the third foundation is the status of religion in humanity, the degree of its prevalence, and the number of its adherents. In particular, philosophy is, as is well known, a critical reflection on ideological and world-related problems. The authors argue that the formation of logic in the period of the medieval Muslim East is due to the complex process of the formation of philosophy, humanities, and medieval science in general, in the process of a complex dispute with theology.

Is There a God? A Debate

This book is a debate about the existence of God in the form of a worldview comparison, meaning that it sets two worldviews—comprehensive pictures of what there is—side by side in order to assess which is philosophically better. The worldviews in this debate are Pearce's classical theism and Oppy's naturalism—representative choices since the average theist defends classical theism and the average atheist, naturalism. Their views are each a little atypical, though. Pearce's classical theism makes no mention of the standard perfections but instead reads: ‘(CT): Spacetime and all of its contents exist because of the free and rational choice of a necessary being’ (p. 23). He thus rests his notion of God on God's role in cosmology. Oppy's naturalism is ontological but surprisingly not also methodological. Its essence is that ‘natural reality exhausts causal reality’ (pp. 102–3, 260), while adding that, though the natural sciences are the right tools for the study of causal reality, they ‘do not provide correct methods for the study of ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics’ and other real features of the world (pp. 260–1).

Ontological Commitment and Its Implication to Semantical Objects of Religious Language

This research is aimed at explaining and analyzing the ontological status of semantical objects of religious language. This ontological status concern how every term in religious language refers to an object and how we interpret those terms, whether it represents the object itself or merely its sensual or constructive properties. This finding lies in the disputation between religious realism and non-realism. The results of this research are (1) every believer is exactly a realist because he or she has the ontological commitment to the object of the utterance, but (2) God exists independently from human thought and consciousness, (3) it is possible to put God as the object of intentional and semantic but only represents sensible qualities of the real object, and (4) the meaning of religious language depends on believer's ontological commitment on God's existence.

Al‐Azhar and the Salafis in Egypt: Contestation of two traditions

<scp>Al‐Azhar</scp> and the Salafis in Egypt: Contestation of two traditions

RELIGIOUS ESCHATOLOGY: THE DOCTRINE OF THE COMING OF THE SAVIOR IN THE END TIMES IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ABRAHAMIC RELIGION

Eschatology is a doctrine or teaching related to the last days, in the Abrahamic religious belief about eschatology, namely the arrival of a savior at the end of time for these religions, namely Christianity, Judaism and Islam, the three religions believe that at the end of time a when there will be a savior who will save them from the chaos that existed in the world before the apocalypse. This issue includes who is the true savior for Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. This paper aims to find out who is the savior of the end times for the Abrahamic Religion, namely Christianity, Judaism and Islam. The form of this research uses Research from the Library (Library Research) which is carried out by collecting data including books, journals and others as well as clarifying some of the literature related to this research. According to Christianity, Jesus is their savior, who will save Christians from various corruptions in the end times, then the Jews believe in the Messiah or the Messiah as their savior in the last days, because with the messiah they can live in peace. without any interference from others, and Muslims believe in the existence of Allah's Apostle, Jesus son of Mary, who will save you Muslims from the Fitnah of Dajjal at the end of time, so Muslims need Jesus' help to kill Dajjal before the apocalypse comes.

Where is God when it hurts? Theodicy from the pain of COVID-19

This article attempts to answer the question of God’s compassion during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many people are asking questions about God’s care and love amid situations where they could not mourn the loss of the loved ones and find closure. African philosophy of death, mourning rituals and funeral ceremonies were curtailed or restricted by the government and therefore, mourners were left with wounds because they could not find closure for the loss of their loved ones. The aim is to point out that people are still mourning, as lockdown restrictions limited them from going through a grieving process, and that people, left with post-corona effects, are still asking the reality of God’s presence during times filled with pain. The interdisciplinary approach to the reality of situation, press releases and literature review are all combined to locate theodicy during the periods of pain. It is discovered that many who did not mourn and grieve culturally and religiously are still struggling emotionally, psychologically and spiritually. Bereavement processes that were muzzled, can still be addressed theologically. Theodicy, as a theological concept, is utilised as a tool to strengthen faith and hope. Hope remains an anchor that keeps humanity floating above the circumstances. Eschatological hope remains the pillar when COVID-19 is deemed as a contradiction to the goodness of God. The conclusion is that, although the character of God such as love, kindness, empathy et cetera, is questioned, the reassuring message remains that God continues to comfort, guide and heal despite crises facing humanity. Humanity still needs post-grief healing and closure in order to reimagine and reassert normality of life.Contribution: The author aims to highlight the importance of healing during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and how to answer the question of theodicy during the crises. How does one reconcile the goodness of God and the devastation of a pandemic during and after sufferings the world has experienced when one’s socio-cultural structures are challenged?

Post-traumatic growth of people who have experienced earthquakes: Qualitative research systematic literature review.

Earthquakes can have a variety of physical, emotional, and social effects on the people who experience them. Post-traumatic Growth (PTG) results from people attempting to reconstruct their lives after experiencing a traumatic event. We intend to inform the local community of the importance of disaster psychology by identifying and analyzing the literature on post-traumatic growth experiences of subjects who experienced earthquakes. This study applied a systematic review of qualitative research published from January 1, 2012 to January 31, 2021 to understand PTG in people who have experienced earthquakes. The search expressions "Post-traumatic Growth", "Earthquake", "Qualitative" were applied to CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycInfo, KISS, RISS, and NDSL databases. Initially, 720 papers were found; after removal of duplicates, 318 remained. After a review of titles and abstracts, 186 papers that did not meet the selection criteria of this study were removed. After a further examination of the remaining 132 papers, the researchers removed 65 papers that did not match the research topic. Lastly, of the remaining 67 papers, detailed review eliminated quantitative papers that did not match this study (25), articles that were not original (19), articles in which results were not PTG (8), articles that were not related to this study (3), articles that were not written in English (2), or articles that had mixed topics (2). Eight papers remained. The results of this study show that the PTG in people who have experienced earthquakes can be classified into three categories: "Change in self-perception", "Change of interpersonal relationships", and "Spiritual change". They can be further classified into eight subcategories: "Reviewing one's existence", "Acceptance", "Discovering strengths by working through adversity", "Gratitude for life", "Changes in personal relations", "Changes in social relations", "Accepting the existence of God", and "A breakthrough to overcome difficulties". These results can be used as basic data for a positive psychological understanding for those who have experienced earthquake trauma.

Jika Tuhan Tidak Ada, Segala Sesuatu Diperbolehkan? Tinjauan Kritis akan Moralitas Manusia Dihadapan Ateis

This article examines Jean-Paul Sartre's materialistic atheism perspective on the rejection of God's existence and its implications on human freedom and morality. Sartre argues that the existence of God limits human freedom, hence humans must pursue their existence without the presence of God. However, the article also explores criticisms of Sartre's views, indicating that the absence of God in moral thought can lead to ethical dilemmas, especially in the context of law and justice. Additionally, the article discusses Sartre's failure to acknowledge the impact of God's absence on metaphysical authority and human sacred identity. Through its analysis, the author aims to highlight the complexity of the relationship between the existence of God, human freedom, and the foundation of morality.

Tawhid in Arabic Persfective: Semantic Studies

This research was conducted to examine the meaning of the word Tawhid in the Arabic language perspective and understand in depth the nature of the word Tawhid in various semantic linguistic perspectives of the Arabic language. This research is a qualitative research with the method used, namely the descriptive method of analysis. The method is used in analyzing the word Tawhid in various perspectives, especially in the Arabic perspective. The meaning of Tawhid contained in several Arabic dictionaries is very varied. Researchers use semantic analysis derived from several dictionaries, sharaf books, and the perspectives of experts who can be analyzed that the word "توحيد" is isim masdar, and is called the word "توحيد" because the true meaning of the word tawhid is to discuss God. In Arabic, the word Allah is isim so it can be said, the word tawhid is given to Allah. Therefore, the science of tawhid is a science that includes a discussion of the dzat-dzat of Allah, the asthma of Allah and af'al Allah and also the science that believes in the existence of Allah. The researchers concluded that the basic meaning of the word Tawhid is to worship God with the total belief that there is "There is no God but Allah".&#x0D; &#x0D;

God, Technology, and the Christian Life

God, Technology, and the Christian Life

The Modal-Epistemic Argument Self-undermined

In a recent article, Emanuel Rutten defends his Modal-Epistemic Argument (MEA) for the existence of God against various objections that I raised against it. In this article, I observe that Rutten’s defence fails for various reasons. Most notably though, the defence is self-undermining: the very claims that Rutten argues for in his defence yield novel counterexamples to the first premise of the MEA.

Has James Sterba Established a Logical Argument from Evil or Just a Very Good Evidential One?

James Sterba’s new treatise advancing a logical argument from evil against the existence of God fails in one respect and succeeds in another. As with all claimants to having found such a thing before him, Sterba fails in properly achieving a logical argument from evil. But he succeeds in producing one of the most undefeatable evidential arguments from evil yet published. Elegantly dispatching all the common defenses, Sterba shows that there is no way to avoid the force of his argument against the existence of God without adopting extraordinarily improbable hypotheses that theists can’t even intelligibly articulate.