Practical Reality Research Articles

Village Funding Program Implementation in Wajo District

The village holds a significant role in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, but its implementation often faces obstacles. One of the main challenges is the formulation of policies, which may involve assumptions, generalizations, and simplifications that do not align with the practical realities during implementation. Consequently, there is a gap between what is formulated and what is effectively implemented. This study employs a literature review with a qualitative approach, specifically a systemic review. The metaaggressive approach is utilized to synthesize results from various research sources to provide solutions to the research questions. Based on the study’s findings, it is concluded that village fund management in Wajo District has not been effective. In this context, it is recommended to employ Grindle’s theory as an analytical tool to address the issues encountered in managing village funds. Grindle’s theory comprehensively explains that two variables influence the success of policy implementation: policy content and implementation content.
 Keywords: policy, policy implementation, village fund

Distant homelands: Mobility, exile and (trans)nationalism in contemporary African fiction

In this article, I argue that Bulawayo’s representation of precarity in her novel helps us decolonize representations of mobility in African literature. In Bulawayo’s novel, mobility undergirds the global presence of Africa and frames African identities in a cosmopolitan purview. Yet, the cultural trajectory of African migrants unveils practical realities within the nation state that shape expressions of cultural belonging in Afrodiasporic contexts. The novel’s presentation of poverty, abjection and dislocation limits the possibilities of an Afropolitan engagement with Darling’s experience in the diaspora. Her joyful, yet, precarious childhood in Zimbabwe and the illusion of an abundant life in the United States show that the postcolonial nation state and the US racial state remain unprecedented forces that constraint the fluidity of people of African descent’s identities. The metaphoric representation of her condition as a prisoner not only questions her mobility but also her difficult experience as a migrant in the United States underscores her struggles to belong in a racialized American society. Thus, the protagonist’s precarious position in her homeland and her host-land reveals the restrictive power of the state and challenges a romantic description of life in both the Global North and the Global South.

Characteristics, attributes, and outcomes of allied health transition to practice programs: A mixed method systematic review

Introduction: Workforce sustainability is critical to equitable and safe healthcare. However, in health, there is evidence of poor transition of new graduates to the workplace with a resultant loss of health professionals from the system. Globally, the allied health workforce is crucial for universal health, but little is known about allied health transition and transition interventions. The aim of this mixed-methods systematic review was to describe the characteristics of transition to practice programs for novice allied health professionals, the outcomes from these programs, how they are measured, and how transition challenges are addressed in transition programs.Method: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, AMED and the Cochrane Library. All study types were included that met the inclusion criteria. Two researchers reviewed the studies and reached a consensus through discussion. Articles were evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool with reporting guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results: A total of 15 studies were included. Various allied health populations, interventions, timeframes, program content, and learning modes were used but not well described. There was misalignment between allied health graduates' expectations and practice reality. While authors claimed success from transition interventions, outcomes were not clear, and there were a lack of tools for robust outcome measurement. Conclusion: Well-designed studies on allied health transition and transition interventions are needed to build evidence on effective interventions and support. A primary focus should be on developing and measuring well defined transition outcomes and the longer-term impact of transition on career progression and success.

Growing influence of judicial control of administrative courts on public administration bodies

Introduction. As countries progress toward stronger governance, the role of administrative courts in overseeing the actions of public administration bodies has gained prominence. The balance between administrative discretion and its judicial oversight presents both a challenge and an opportunity for enhancing public trust and adherence to the rule of law. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the burgeoning influence of judicial control by administrative courts on public administration bodies, with a particular focus on Ukraine. The objective is to understand the nuances, ambiguities, and implications of this evolving relationship, in light of European standards, national legislation, and practical realities. Results. A defined framework of administrative discretion, offering public authorities a margin of appreciation while making decisions. Ambiguities in the Ukrainian legal doctrine, particularly the blurred lines between discretion and vague legal concepts. The Council of Europe standards and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case law that set benchmarks for discretionary power's exercise and control. Varied approaches to judicial control among EU member states, with notable distinctions between the German and French legal traditions. A growing trend where administrative courts are intensifying scrutiny over discretionary powers, fueled by the need to uphold fundamental rights and democratic principles. Conclusion. The escalating role of administrative courts in reviewing the actions of public administration bodies reflects a move towards more transparent, accountable, and rights-respecting governance. While challenges persist, especially in distinguishing discretion from ambiguous legal terms, the trajectory points toward a future where administrative actions are both efficient and just, guided by robust judicial oversight. This evolution, grounded in both national realities and European standards, signals a maturing of democratic institutions and processes.

National Hospital and Health-System Controlled Substances Drug Diversion Prevention & Surveillance Program Assessment Survey - 2021.

To present and discuss the results of the National Hospital and Health-System Controlled Substances Drug Diversion Prevention & Surveillance Program Assessment Survey. The survey was emailed to 1,529 chief pharmacy officers utilizing the list of directors of pharmacy from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. The survey opened September 15, 2021, and closed October 4, 2021. Forty-nine questions were included in 5 different sections, and participants were also given the option to respond to 39 additional questions. The survey response rate was 12.75%, with the results showing consistencies in practice around drug security and human resource management. Sixty-two percent of sites had a formalized drug diversion committee, half of which had been implemented since 2018. Adoption of electronic controlled substance systems continues to increase, with 50% of sites having implemented such a system in the previous 3 years. At the time of the survey, 18% of organizations did not have an electronic system, but 90% of sites had implemented or intended to implement one by 2023. Over 40% of sites that utilized an electronic system were looking to upgrade to a next-generation system. Most organizations had 0.5 to 1 full-time equivalent dedicated to diversion prevention, and two-thirds of sites had a formalized diversion committee. The majority of sites defined "significant loss" by utilizing professional judgement, based on the scenario, as a percentage of inventory or as a range of units. Community practice consensus is needed around auditing adjustments to controlled substance inventory and for perpetual inventory processes. Respondents reported 1 to 2 (29%), 3 to 5 (26%), and more than 10 (26%) formal drug diversion investigations annually. This first-time survey provided significant insight into the realities of drug diversion prevention practices in hospitals and health systems nationally.

Teaching Note—Adapting to Online Live Streamed OSCEs

ABSTRACT This teaching note describes how a school of social work adapted Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) during the COVID-19 pandemic to an online live-streamed format, providing students the opportunity to engage in this experiential learning activity despite pandemic-related limitations. A step-by-step process for developing online OSCEs is described, highlighting three key areas—planning, training, and implementation—and the significance of developing a community of practice. Reflections from our team on promising practices for conducting a live-stream OSCE, and insights from the perspectives of simulated clients (n=4), and experienced OSCE raters (n=6) are shared. Implications are described to support future teaching as educators are compelled to continuously prepare social work students for the online realities of practice beyond COVID-19.

Developing and integrating professional resilience: influencing factors for social workers as students and new practitioners

ABSTRACT Increasingly complex practice contexts challenge social workers’ resilience, impacting workforce attraction and retention. This study comprised longitudinal and qualitative research to understand what influences professional resilience development, maintenance and integration. Purposive sampling resulted in the inclusion of 23 participants from eight Australian universities. Interviews occurred when the participants were students nearing the completion of a Master of Social Work (Qualifying) degree and again after approximately six months of post-qualifying practice. The results reveal social workers’ resilience develops over time through processing experiences that occur within contexts and shape professional identity. Supportive relationships are integral to this process, becoming protective resources during adversity. In universities and human service organisations, relationships with peers, teams, direct line managers, and supervisors are crucial for enabling insight and growth through critically reflecting on experiences and understanding their impact on professional identity formation and resilience. A disparity emerged between the expectation of available resources as a student and the reality as a newly qualified social worker. The relational nature of resilience has implications for educating social work students and preparing them for practice realities, organisations seeking to sustain a resilient workforce, and practitioners who navigate these complex contexts.

The application of a sentiment analysis approach to explore public understandings of animal agriculture

Ideas about farming are important components of consumers' value judgements about the foods they purchase and consume. Nevertheless, a divide exists between public perceptions and the realities of agricultural practices. We take a novel approach, using sentiment analysis, amongst other methods, to explore what consumers think about farming and how the visual elements of agricultural images might contribute to these perceptions. Data were drawn from responses to questions about three photographs of contemporary UK dairy farms, part of an online survey (n = 521), exploring public perceptions of food and farming. Sentiment and content analysis, descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlations were used to analyse the data. Participants thought good animal farming involves an evaluation of both farmers' skill and the relative ethical correctness of certain farming practices. Dirt and untidiness were linked with an increased likelihood of animal disease, and cleanliness and tidiness with a decreased likelihood. According to respondents, keeping cattle inside was problematic, whereas keeping animals outside is more appropriate, linked to their ability to graze in fields and the perceived goodness of a grass-based diet. Respondents discussed the need for farmers to be qualified, passionate and care for their animals. The paper concludes by reflecting on the use of images and sentiment analysis in this type of research, suggesting that along with certain benefits there are limitations to these methods.

Didactic Tool Based on Virtual and Augmented Reality in Art Education: Learning through an Interactive Game

This article presents research on the results of using a didactic tool based on virtual and augmented reality, developed for solving tasks from the field of spatial design. The theoretical part presents the context of the tool’s development and discusses spatial perception in new media, spatial design of images and screen views, and new media and augmented reality in school practice. The didactic tool consists of a computer, a computer screen, a computer camera, and a set of markers with symbols for different architectural elements that allow different composition operations. Manipulation of the markers is captured by a computer camera, which recognizes the symbols as function keys and allows interaction with a computer program. The computer decodes the data and displays it on the screen as surfaces and solids. This strategy promotes learning like a computer game. We tested it with eighth grade elementary students. The goal was to determine the extent to which the tool would affect the implementation of artistic tasks, creativity, motivation, satisfaction, and understanding of art concepts. The results presented here are encouraging, especially in the area of creativity, which was confirmed by teachers and students after the evaluation.

Skin tone and wound care: bridging the knowledge and care provision gap.

A wound care practitioner will likely encounter and care for an increasing number of patients with a wider variety of skin tones on a daily basis. However, wound care research and education does not yet reflect the realities of clinical practice, resulting in compromised care provision and the reinforcement of healthcare inequities. Here, Francesca Ramadan outlines both the quantitative and qualitative steps that can be taken to facilitate more inclusive and culturally sensitive care provision in research, education and clinical practice.

Inclusive classroom climate development as the cornerstone of inclusive school building: review and perspectives.

Education institutional guidelines around the world agree that building more inclusive schools is a priority. The reality of school practice, however, belies this institutional will. To help fill the gap, this theoretical review documents the value that the construct of classroom climate brings to research and practice in terms of inclusive school development. The article firstly points out that the current main challenge is to develop Inclusive Mainstream Teaching (IMT) in diverse classrooms. Indeed, IMT is needed in all classrooms to guarantee the effectiveness of special accomodating measures in schools that are targeted at special education needs students. Intervening at classroom level is both a pragmatic and powerful way of developing inclusive schooling. However, developing IMT in the classroom remains a challenge for both teachers and researchers. Thus this review documents the central role that classroom climate should play in the development of IMT. More precisely, the factors of classroom climate that are associated with inclusive outcomes are identified. We also highlight how these factors and the measurements associated with them are efficient tools to guide IMT development. These measures are proximal, sensitive, complementary, and pragmatic indicators of effective IMT. Such indicators are very useful in helping research empirically document effective IMT, ensure that any small improvement is assessed, monitor teachers' progress, and assist their professional growth. Theoretically positioned as a mediator between inclusive teaching in mainstream classrooms and inclusive school outcomes, inclusive classroom climate is a tool that appears to be effective in supporting IMT development and, consequently, in the establishment of more inclusive schools.

Proof of Concept for a Data-Driven Vr Spatial Disorientation Training Tool for Navy Pilots

Spatial disorientation (SD) contributes to at least 30% of aviation mishaps, with most being fatal. These mishaps involve not only complex interactions between human, machine, mission, and environment, but also multiple internal neurophysiological systems. Given the complexity of these dynamics, SD competency (i.e., the ability to recognize, confirm, and recover from an SD incident) is hard to predict and teach in the classroom. The Aptima team has developed a data-driven, practical, and realistic virtual reality (VR) training platform for SD called MAVIS, which includes a set of subjective, objective (performance), and physiological measures to rigorously evaluate SD competencies. Preliminary results of this proof of concept confirm the validity of our theoretical framework with a small sample, although rigorous experimentation with a larger sample will be required to validate the approach and justify its operational use. These preliminary results indicated that (1) the MAVIS protocol induces SD; and (2) self-report, performancebased, and neurophysiological measures seem to associate with SD induction and its sequelae.

Tinjauan Sosial Pertambangan Minyak Ilegal di Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara Tahun 2023

There are at least 8,000 illegal oil wells managed by the community illegally, spread across several districts including Musi Banyuasin, Pali and Musi Rawas Utara which are more concerned that illegal wells have entered protected forest areas and restoration forests protected by the state. Illegal oil well mining that occurs in North Musi Rawas district comes from Belani Village, Rawas Ilir District and its surroundings, and some of the crude oil under the Pantai Village of Rupit District has been going on for the past few years. Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas is prohibited from illegal oil mining. This research uses Empirical Juridical methods related to legal issues in practice or actual reality in the field. Empirical research is so that legal research methods that seek to see law in a real sense without any engineering occurring or can be said to see, examine how law works in society. The results concluded that the illegal oil miners in Belani village and Pantai village did not carry out oil mining according to the applicable procedures but residents did it in the traditional way. As a result of oil mining and refining, it continues at this time due to the lack of concern from the surrounding community to report this illegal mining incident to the authorities, in this case the Rupit Police Chief and Musi Rawas Utara Police Station. Another factor in oil mining and refining is still happening is the change in the pattern of society where previously oil palm and rubber farmers have now turned into illegal oil miners and refiners, they consider the income from mining to be greater than that of oil palm and rubber farmers.

Field Deployable Sensor Arrays with Molecular Selectivity for Soil Health

Monitoring soil health is very important in agriculture. Soil health can be monitored by the sensing the metabolomic activities of microbiota as increased concentrations in CO2, CH4, N2O, vapors in the soil. A vapor sensor based on microfabricated cantilever array is an ideal sensor platform for field deployable miniature sensors. Many such platforms, such as cantilever arrays, have been demonstrated as sensitive sensors for chemical and biological detection. In fact, the array-based sensor platform satisfies almost all of the requirements of an ideal high-performance sensor, such as its very high sensitivity, miniature size, array based multi-analyte detection, and low power consumption. However, poor molecular selectivity, especially for small molecules at trace level, as well as the lack of reproducibility, pose formidable challenges in translating this highly sensitive sensor platform into a practical reality. Traditionally, selectivity in chemical and biological sensing is achieved by using immobilized receptors or chemical interfaces on sensor surfaces. While poor selectivity in small molecule detection using reversible receptors is due to the lack of uniqueness of receptor-analyte interaction, nonuniformity in the immobilized receptor graft density is the reason for unacceptable rates of reproducibility in these sensors. We have used a multi-modal, multi-physics approach in overcoming these challenges. Multi-modal data when analyzed using deep learning techniques, show enhanced selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability. In order to operate these sensors in a field-scale study, a long range through-the-soil (TTS) wireless power transfer method is developed. Energy from an adjacent solar panel array is distributed wirelessly via conduction currents that propagate outward along and through the soil. Power transfer within a 0.25-ha (0.6acre) area is demonstrated using an average input power of 6W.This research is supported by NSF-SitS Award Nos. 2226614 and 2226612

The reality of Sustainable Leadership practice: An exploratory study on King Saud University During the period January to February of 2023

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على (واقع الممارسات التأسيسية، وواقع الممارسات عالية المستوى، وواقع ممارسات الحوافز الرئيسية) للقيادة المستدامة بجامعة الملك سعود. استخدمت الباحثة المنهج المسحي الوصفي بالاستعانة في الاستبانة. تكون مجتمع البحث من جميع منسوبي الجامعة، حيث بلغت عينة البحث (397) موظف وموظفة. أبرز نتائج البحث: أن أفراد عينة البحث موافقون بدرجة متوسطة على الممارسات التأسيسية للقيادة المستدامة في الجامعة بمتوسط حسابي (3.29 من5)، جاء في المرتبة الأولى بُعد العلاقة الودية بين الموظفين بدرجة عالية، يليه السلوك الأخلاقي، ثم تقدير الأداء بدرجة متوسطة، يليه بُعد الاحتفاظ طويل الأمد للموظفين أخيرا بُعد تطوير الأفراد باستمرار. كما تبين أن أفراد العينة موافقون بدرجة متوسطة على واقع الممارسات عالية المستوى للقيادة المستدامة بالجامعة بمتوسط حسابي (3.08 من 5)، جاء في المرتبة الأولى بُعد الإدارة الذاتية بدرجة متوسطة، يليه اتخاذ القرار، ثم ثقافة التمكين، ثم بُعد الحفاظ على المعرفة ومشاركتها. وأوضحت النتائج أن أفراد العينة موافقون بدرجة متوسطة على واقع ممارسات الحوافز الرئيسية للقيادة المستدامة بالجامعة، بمتوسط حسابي (3.10 من 5)، جاء في المرتبة الأولى بُعد الجودة بدرجة متوسطة، يليه اتخاذ القرار، ثم مشاركة الموظفين، ثم بُعد الابتكار الاستراتيجي. وتوصي الباحثة بالآتي: عقد دورات وورش عمل لمنسوبي الجامعة تُعرف بالقيادة المستدامة وفوائدها، والاهتمام بنشر ثقافة القيادة المستدامة من خلال نشر الإبداع والتميز المستدام بالتعليم الجامعي.

From helplessness to transformation: An analysis of clinician narratives about the social determinants of health and their implications for training and practice.

Medical curricula are attempting to prepare trainees to address the social determinants of health, however the life circumstances of patients are often beyond physician control. Little is known about how physicians cope with this dilemma; we sought to examine their perspectives when faced with this challenge to help better prepare trainees for practice. We undertook a critical analysis of physician narratives from January 2018 to June 2020. In total, 268 physician-written narrative social determinant of health pieces from four high impact medical journals were screened and 47 met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. We identified four storylines that described the physician experience and strategies for coping with the social determinants of health. While Helplessness stories described authors' experiences of emotional distress when unable to support their patients, the other story types described ways they could make a difference. In Shortcoming and Transformation stories, the realisations about shortcomings led to transformation. In Doctor-patient relationship stories, authors described its importance in theirs and patients' lives, and in System advocacy stories, they described the need for greater advocacy to help change broken systems. Current approaches to teaching the social determinants of health often focus on the role of physicians in recognising and altering social circumstances. However, the realities of practice do not easily allow physicians to do so and, for some, may lead to distress and burnout. There are other ways to cope and make a difference by improving ourselves, investing in getting to know our patients, and advocating. These results can help better support trainees and physicians for the realities of practice.

A workflow to visualize vertebrate eyes in 3D.

To establish a workflow to visualize the surgical anatomy in 3D based on histological data of eyes of experimental animals for improving the planning of complex surgical procedures. Four C57BL/6J wild-type(wt) mouse eyes, three Brown Norway rat eyes and four Chinchilla Bastard rabbit eyes were enucleated and processed for standard histology with serial sections and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Image stacks were processed to obtain a representation of the eye anatomy in 3D. In addition, virtual image stacks and 3D point clouds were generated by processing sagittal sections of eyes with stepwise 180° rotation and projection around the eye axis to construct a rotationally symmetric 3D model from one single sagittal section. Serial sections of whole eyes of mice, rats and rabbits showed significant artifacts interfering with a practical image stack generation and straightforward 3D reconstruction despite the application of image registration techniques. A workflow was established to obtain a 3D image of the eye based on virtual image stacks and point cloud generation by rotation of a single sagittal section of the eye around the symmetry axis. By analyzing the tissue shrinkage during histological processing true biometric reconstructions of the eyes were feasible making the resulting model usable for 3D modeling and simulation, e.g. for planning of complex surgical procedures in different species. Because serial sections of the eye with standard histological protocols yielded too many artifacts for a straightforward 3D visualization we reconstructed a pseudorealistic 3D model based on virtual image stacks and point cloud generation calculated from a single sagittal section of the eye. Such a model detailing microscopic structures of the whole eye will allow for a specific planning of surgical procedures in small animal eyes in order to prevent surgical complications in a very early stage of an experiment and it will support the design and development of complex intraocular implants. It will therefore be helpful in surgical teaching and improve laboratory animal welfare by an expected reduction of experimental animal numbers. Further processing including integration of mechanical tissue properties is needed to convert these 3D models into a practical virtual reality teaching and simulation platform for eyes of several species.

Dealing with ambivalence in the practice of advanced genetic healthcare: towards an ethical choreography.

The implementation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in diagnostic practice has stimulated ongoing debates on how to construct and perform "good" genomic care. Our multi-sited qualitative fieldwork at two large European centres for human genetics (CHGs)revealed tangible ambivalence in beliefs, norms, and actions in the enactment of NGS practices across sites stemming from differing expectations, interests, demands, and tensions. First, ambivalence was present around the boundaries of clinical diagnostic genetic care. The overlap between research and clinical work and diagnostics and screening led to ambivalence around "best" practices and norms concerning whom to offer NGS testing and how far to take testing. Secondly, the clinical value of NGS results, especially VUS and unsolicited findings, was ambivalently valued, resulting in an inconsistent approach towards these types of findings. Thirdly, ambivalence was recognized in applying guidelines in the reality of clinical practice. The ambivalence we encountered was often not made explicit or acknowledged, causing afailure to benefit from its possibility to encourage reflexivity and change. We propose to facilitate a more explicit ethical choreography [27], where ethics and science are developed iteratively whilst welcoming different perspectives and disciplines. Pulling experiences and practices of ambivalence into the light can help to understand the points of tension in the values and internal logic in care practices within the CHGs and facilitate a more informed, transparent, and consciously chosen direction for genetic care.

Pivotal Issues of Water-Based Tourism in Worldwide Literature

Studies on water-based tourism have recently gained consistent attention from scholars. Its development relies on water segmentation of areas that could potentially become a tourist attraction or even an alternative source of renewable energy. In short, the ideas of water-based tourism, as presented theoretically, conceptually, and practically by scholars, have been widespread; however, studies to map the core issues in the literature have not yet been undertaken. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the progress of water-based tourism literature around the world. Furthermore, we used the scientometric and literature review approaches, along with the assistance of two qualitative applications, NVivo and VOSViewer, as tools for visualizing the code of 106 documents in Scopus. Our core findings showed that water-based tourism studies have undergone rather substantial developments in the last decade. Moreover, our study also noted that there were eight pivotal issues that had been identified, classified as follows: “areas”, “water”, “economic”, “value”, “tourist”, “quality”, “development”, “management”, and “resources”. We believe that this water-based tourism segmentation provides potential opportunities for regions that have water resources or water utilization as their main developable asset, and that water segmentation provides great potential development for community economic growth, increased tourist visits, and a contribution to local income. Therefore, it is necessary to request that the authorities engage other agencies in order to support the best economic and practical realities associated with procuring resources, directly or indirectly. This paper also introduces insightful future directions for water-based tourism studies.

Cyberculture and Network Outrage: New Social Movements in the Internet Age

The essay reflects the indignation on the networks, relating the actions of social actors and their activist repertoires, and the use of technological innovations in media and mass communication at the end of the 20th century. XX and beginning of the XXI. It reflects on the new reality of social practices arising from this transformation, in new collective forms of organization and communication provided by the advent of the Internet. It proposes to address the role of media and communication technologies in the current stage of capitalism and movements contesting State action. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of cyberspace and the networks that inhabit it, new sociability environments and the construction of political mobilization alternatives. Data were collected on the web (virtual ethnography), therefore, a literature review with qualitative analysis. It brings Castells (1999; 2000; 2010), Lévy (1999), Harvey (2012; 2014), Alonso (2009), Gohn (2003; 2007), Boltanski and Chiapello (2009), as a theoretical framework. The internet is a two-way street – democratic and disputed territory, where the intense narratives produced on it add gains to social movements.