Realistic Figures Research Articles

Shaping Identities: The Influence of Female Filmmakers on the Portrayal of Women in 21st-Century Chinese Mainstream Cinema

Abstract: This research paper examines the portrayal of women in 21st-century Chinese mainstream cinema, particularly through the lens of female filmmakers in a male-dominated industry. Guided by case studies and comparative analysis of Chinese classical films since the early twentieth century, the paper explores how female filmmakers uplift feminine trends, breaking free from the conventional norm and male gaze to eulogize their realistic female figures in Chinese cinema based on their personal experiences and narratives. In addition, the study unveils that despite their efforts, the influence of the male gaze and deep-seated patriarchal values still confines female filmmakers to traditional and stereotypical portrayals of women. While female filmmakers have succeeded in presenting more authentic, intricate, and empowering representations of women, their impact is still hindered by long-lasting obstacles such as limited funding and fewer opportunities compared to their male counterparts. To eventually actualize justice and equality between women and men, new emerging filmmakers, regardless of gender, should therefore utilize the power of storytelling in film, arousing feminine awareness and reversing the world to be more diversified and embraced.

A study on creative drawing strategies based on the human head features in children's realistic figure drawings

Creative strategies used in drawing practice determine the visual effects of drawing. Drawing strategies reflect children's understanding, association, and summarisation of the visual features of objects. In the case of the human head, visual features are composed of positional, contour, and structural features. This study assessed the creative strategies of children aged 7–12 years based on their drawings of the visual features of the eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth, ears, and neck in realistic figures. Children's strategies for creating visual features of the human head were classified into four types: hidden, abstract, summarised, and realistic. The results showed that most children used abstract creation strategies to represent the visual features of the nose and mouth in their drawings. Most children expressed the visual features of the eyes and neck using summarised creative strategies. A few children applied realistic creative strategies to draw the visual features of eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth, and ears. Children used simplified structural features as a strategy to understand the visual features of the human head before creating their drawings. Most of the children tended to express the overall features of the human head with less curvature or number of contour lines in their drawings. Children regard the eyes and mouth as the major elements when drawing the visual features of the human head. Children regard eyebrows, noses, and ears as secondary elements expressing human heads. Accordingly, teachers need to educate children to understand and summarise the visual features of these secondary elements. Teachers also need to guide children in converting the visual elements from their understanding to the graphical elements in drawings.

Lattice-Based Generation of Euclidean Geometry Figures

We present a user-guided method to generate geometry figures appropriate for high school Euclidean geometry courses: a useful starting point for an intelligent tutoring system to provide meaningful, realistic figures for study. We first establish that a two-dimensional geometry figure can be represented abstractly using a complete, lattice we call a geometry figure lattice (GFL). As input, we take a user-defined vector of primitive geometry shapes and convert each into a GFL. We then exhaustively combine each these ‘primitive’ GFLs into a set of complex GFLs using a process we call gluing. We mitigate redundancy in GFLs by introducing a polynomial-time algorithm for determining if two GFLs are isomorphic. These lattices act as a template for the second step: instantiating GFLs into a sequence of concrete geometry figures. To identify figures that are structurally similar to textbook problems, we use a discriminator model trained on a corpus of textbook geometry figures.

IMPACT OF META VERSE ANNOUNCEMENT DATE ON STOCK PRICES

Purpose-The developing metaverse, a virtual world poised to transform online interaction, has raised an important question: how does a company's participation influence its financial standing? This study focuses on the e-commerce behemoth Amazon and its prospective entry into the metaverse. Our major goal is to determine whether a statement by Amazon on their metaverse plans causes a significant impact in their stock price. By examining past stock data with any potential metaverse announcement dates, we hope to determine whether Amazon's excitement about the metaverse translates into an actual financial benefit. This study dives deeper by examining the specifics of the announcement (assuming it occurs). Does the level of commitment and investment mentioned affect the stock price reaction? Finally, this study aims to bridge the gap between the hoopla surrounding the metaverse and its real-world ramifications for corporations such as Amazon. Approach: Event Definition: The event of interest is the particular day on which our selected companies makes a public declaration about entering the metaverse. This date will be critical to our analysis. Event Window: We'll set a timetable around the announcement date. This window will most likely consist of two parts: Estimation Window: The period preceding the announcement, we have selected 110 days, helps set a baseline for Amazon's stock price performance and eliminates the impact of unrelated market movements. Event Window: This time period, we have selected as 10 days before and after following the announcement allows us to monitor any potential changes in stock price due to metaverse news. Findings: Stock Price Change: The investigation may discover a statistically significant boost in companies stock price following a metaverse announcement. This suggests that investors reacted positively to the announcement, maybe seeing the metaverse as a new growth prospect. No Change or Negative Change: Alternatively, the investigation may discover no substantial change, or even a decline in stock price following the announcement. This could suggest investor concern about companies capacity to capitalize on the metaverse, as well as a general market correction during the event window. Impact of Announcement Specificity: The study may find that the level of depth and commitment conveyed in the announcement influences stock price movement. A more thorough and ambitious proposal may elicit a better positive response from investors. Industry-Specific Effects: The research design might be expanded to compare company's stock price movement to those of other companies in different industries following metaverse announcements. This could reveal whether particular industries have a stronger stock market reaction because of their deeper relationship to the metaverse. Limitation: For starters, the metaverse is a very new concept, so any announcement by worldwide companies may focus on future projects. This makes it difficult to estimate the long-term financial impact on the company's stock price. Furthermore, the specifics of the announcement itself (assuming it occurs) are critical. A vague announcement with few specifics may have a lower impact on the stock price than a well-defined plan with realistic investment figures. These constraints underscore the need for additional research as the metaverse and corporate participation in it evolve.

Analytical study of low energy proton interactions in the SORGENTINA’s fusion ion source-part I: beam-dump

An analytical study, corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations, is presented which describes the interaction of a 300 keV–830 mA proton beam with a Cu and Al dumping system. The analytical calculations rely on the theoretical framework of the Particle Induced X-ray Emission, while the Monte Carlo simulations are performed by means of the GEANT4 toolkit. The case study is related to the project SORGENTINA-RF fusion neutron source and in particular to the tests devoted to assess the performance of the ion source of the plant. The results provide a detailed physical insight of the main processes occurring in the beam dump material, and are also important to give some realistic figures of the radiation emission expected during operation.

DYNAMICS OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE HEAD AND NECK IN THE WORLD AND THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Relevance: According to GLOBOCAN 2020, the number of newly reported head and neck tumors worldwide, without division by sex and age, was 369,980 cases, with the number of deaths – of 367,285 people. The incidence of malignant neoplasms (MN) of the head and neck is growing steadily in the Republic of Uzbekistan and worldwide. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the head and neck MN prevalence increased in realistic figures from 2,906 cases in 2016 to 2,951 points in 2020, with a growth of 45 cases compared to 2016.
 The study aimed to assess the epidemiological trends of head and neck tumors globally and in the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2015
 to 2020.
 Materials and Methods: The global situation with head and neck tumors was analyzed based on GLOBOCAN data. The object of the
 study was statistical data on all cases of head and neck malignancies in the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the reported data provided by oncological institutions, according to the adopted state form of accounting and reporting documentation Ministry of Health of the
 Republic of Uzbekistan No. 7ССВ "Information on diseases of malignant neoplasms." In the Republic of Uzbekistan, an assessment of the incidence, prevalence, and mortality from MN of the head and neck was carried out with the definition of trends and the average annual average age of patients with head and neck tumors.
 Results: World trends in morbidity and mortality from head and neck malignancies show differences depending on the territories and the level of economic development. In 2020, 13,552 deaths from head and neck malignancies were recorded in Uzbekistan (including 6323
 and 7229 male and female patients, respectively). The mortality rate from head and neck malignancies per 100,000 population of the Republic of Uzbekistan was 40.0‱₀, being 0.35% higher than in 2019 and 28.7% higher than in 2009.
 Conclusion: Analysis of the epidemiological situation regarding head and neck malignancies in the Republic of Uzbekistan showed an increase in this disease. This determines the need for further research on the diagnostics of head and neck malignancies

Unburied Practices of Memory: The Holocaust and the Polish-Jewish Relations in Joanna Rudniańska’s Kotka Brygidy (2007) and XY (2012)

In many Polish children’s books published in the last twenty years the relationship between Jews and Poles during the Holocaust is presented as an unburied theme which can be interpreted in the context of both collective and private/individual cultures of remembrance. Therefore, in this case, we deal with experiences confirmed in the cultural and written order rather than existentially faced. In contemporary Poland, a practically monoethnic and predominantly Catholic country, where the largest number of Jews killed by the Nazis lived before World War II, there is a syndrome of silence concerning the Holocaust. This paper focuses on analysing Joanna Rudniańska’s Kotka Brygidy [Brygida’s Cat] (2007) and XY (2012), two unique works in the genre of Polish Holocaust children’s fiction which combine parable, magic realism, and postmodern fairy tale. The authors argue that Rudniańska’s texts belong not only to the group of literary works known as children’s literature of atrocity or the literature of genocide for young people but also literature of testimony with its authenticity and referentiality as an element of figural realism. Analysing Rudniańska’s works, they show how she, the daughter of a Holocaust survivor who did not want to talk about the traumatic war experience, not only writes about the unburied themes but also crosses genre boundaries by mixing realistic figures with stories firmly rooted in a poetic, metaphorical, and magic atmosphere with subjective and expressive narration.

Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from decommissioned oil and gas steel structures: Can current policy meet NetZero goals?

To help achieve global aims to reach Net Zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a clearly structured method for calculating emissions from decommissioning oil and gas structures is required. In order to understand the GHG consequences of recycling secondary steel from decommissioned structures, this paper presents a new methodology in decommissioning, based on the UN’s International Resource Panel (IRP)’s Value Retention method that combines life cycle assessment principles, the waste hierarchy and the circular economy to holistically calculate GHG emissions produced as a consequence of manufacturing primary and secondary steel, manufacturing a product from this steel and the associated transport emissions. The Value Retention Model presented here combines the concept of material value and product value to obtain realistic GHG emission calculations based on end-of-use and end-of-life scenarios, including recycling and reuse options. The results show that reusing a steel jacket structure in situ will retain 55,040 tCO2(eq) in GHG emissions, not including removal operations or transport emissions. New regulation is urgently required to update the current outdated emissions calculation guidelines, enable the provision of both realistic baseline emissions figures and to provide a mechanism for reporting ‘after operations’ figures.

Device design and optimization of CNTFETs for high-frequency applications

Carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) have recently reached high-frequency (HF) performance similar to that of silicon RF-CMOS at the same gate length despite a tube density and current per tube that are far from the physical limits and suboptimal device architecture. This work reports on an investigation of the optimal device design for practical HF applications in terms of cut-off frequencies, power gain, and linearity. Different fundamental designs in the gate contact arrangement are considered based on a 3D device simulation of both CNTs and contacts. First, unit cells with a single CNT and minimal contact sizes are compared. The resulting simulation data are then extended toward a structure with two gate fingers and realistic contact sizes. Corresponding parasitic capacitances, as well as series and contact resistances, have been included for obtaining realistic characteristics and figures of merit that can be used for comparison with corresponding silicon RF MOSFETs. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the device architecture with the highest performance is performed in order to find the optimal device design space.

Model-Based Range Prediction for Electric Cars and Trucks under Real-World Conditions

The further development of electric mobility requires major scientific efforts to obtain reliable data for vehicle and drive development. Practical experience has repeatedly shown that vehicle data sheets do not contain realistic consumption and range figures. Since the fear of low range is a significant obstacle to the acceptance of electric mobility, a reliable database can provide developers with additional insights and create confidence among vehicle users. This study presents a detailed, yet easy-to-implement and modular physical model for both passenger and commercial battery electric vehicles. The model takes consumption-relevant parameters, such as seasonal influences, terrain character, and driving behavior, into account. Without any a posteriori parameter adjustments, an excellent agreement with known field data and other experimental observations is achieved. This validation conveys much credibility to model predictions regarding the real-world impact on energy consumption and cruising range in standardized driving cycles. Some of the conclusions, almost impossible to obtain experimentally, are that winter conditions and a hilly terrain each reduce the range by 7–9%, and aggressive driving reduces the range by up to 20%. The quantitative results also reveal the important contributions of recuperation and rolling resistance towards the overall energy budget.

Formation and Efficient Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function

Technological change and efficiency improvement are important sources of productivity growth in any economy. The concept of technical efficiency (TE) is based on input and output relationships. Technical inefficiency arises when actual or observed output from a given input mix is less than a possible mix. The analysis of technical efficiency involves the assessment of the degree to which the production technologies are utilized. The present investigation on “Formation and efficient estimation of stochastic frontier production functions” was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, during 2010 -13. To assess the present economics of pepper cultivation, to formulate a new stochastic frontier production function and to compare different stochastic frontier production functions. The secondary data on the area of holdings, number of vines, yield, expenses for machinery, labour, manure, and other expenses for the cultivation of the major spice pepper collected from the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara were used for the analysis. For the stochastic frontier production model to be realistic, an exact measurement of the cost of the inputs and the realized output is extremely necessary. Very few farmers keep records of the expenditure incurred on the various inputs and rarely the output realized. Vegetable crops have a short duration. So the farmer will be in a position to give realistic figures regarding the various inputs as also the outputs. As regards plantation crops, there will be a lag right from the establishment of the crop to the steady bearing stage. Therefore, it will be very difficult to trace back the exact cost, as no records would be available about the costs incurred. Therefore, a rapid estimation survey is the only feasibility wherein simultaneous estimation of the costs involved from the nursery through the various stages of growth can be observed. Since a farmer who is already having a steady-bearing crop would have incurred lesser costs through the previous stages of growth of the crop, it is most feasible to use the concept of present worth to arrive at the exact costs of previous stages of the crop. The stochastic frontier analysis was done using the present value (PV) and the present cost.

Conversion of Marine Litter from Venice Lagoon into Marine Fuels via Thermochemical Route: The Overview of Products, Their Yield, Quality and Environmental Impact

Plastics floating in ocean gyres are a popular topic within pollution discussion; however, no simple solution exists to deal with marine litter. Overcoming limitations in collection, and perhaps even more in the environmentally, technically and economically acceptable use of the collected material, is of paramount importance. This paper presents initial results from converting plastic marine litter processed as-is, without pretreatment, and sorting into marine gas oil (MGO) compliant with the ISO8217 DMA standard via a pyrolysis and distillation process. Yields, composition and key properties of products along with levels of eight environmental contaminants potentially generated by the process are presented. More than 100 kg of actual marine litter from the Venice Lagoon, including polyolefins packaging and polyamides fishing nets, were converted into products at approximately 45 wt% yield of which approximately 50% (V/V) was MGO. By our knowledge, this is the first report of chemical recycling of real marine litter targeting the production of standardized marine fuels beyond laboratory scale, outlining coarse but realistic figures finally available as an initial benchmark. The process supports the concept of circularity in the blue economy and could be employed to tackle difficult terrestrial plastic waste to help prevent marine litter generation.

CEO overconfidence and future firm risk in China: the moderating role of institutional investors

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine how CEO overconfidence influences firm’s future risk in a sample of Chinese listed firms. It further examines the moderating effect of institutional investors on the association between CEO overconfidence and future firm risk.Design/methodology/approachThe initial sample consists of Chinese A-share issuing firms listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges during the period starting from 2000 to 2017. This study classifies a CEO as overconfident if the forecasted profits of the firm are greater than the actual profits for majority of the time during the tenure of the CEO. Ordinary least squares regression is used as the primary estimation method for generating the results, however, firm fixed effects and two-stage least squares regressions have also been used for verifying the robustness of the results.FindingsThe results demonstrate that CEO overconfidence leads to an escalation in firm’s risk level over the subsequent years. However, the intensity of this positive association is weaker in state-owned firms. Analysis of the moderating effect of institutional investors reveals that only active institutional investors, specifically mutual funds and foreign institutional investors, play their governance role in reducing the effect of CEO overconfidence on firm’s risk level. Furthermore, the moderating effect of active institutional investors is weaker in state-owned firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical evidence obtained by this study suggests that CEOs should exercise extreme diligence in decision-making. They must analyze a situation based on realistic facts and figures, rather than having misperception about their excessive abilities in controlling the outcomes of a situation. The findings also imply that regulators and policymakers should formulate strategies for motivating mutual funds and foreign investors to increase their shareholding in Chinese firms.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines the impact of CEO overconfidence on future firm risk, not the current firm risk. Besides, literature regarding the role of external governance mechanisms in the context of behavioral biases is extremely scant. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing how the association between CEO overconfidence and firm’s future risk is influenced by the institutional investors’ ownership.

Higher-order Hermite-Gauss modes as a robust flat beam in interferometric gravitational wave detectors

Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss (LG) modes have previously been investigated as a candidate for reducing test-mass thermal noise in ground-based gravitational-wave detectors like Advanced LIGO. It has been shown however that LG modes' fragility against mirror surface figure imperfections limits their compatibility with the current state-of-the-art test masses. In this paper we explore the alternative of using higher-order Hermite-Gauss (HG) modes for thermal noise reduction, and show that with the deliberate addition of astigmatism they are orders of magnitude more robust against mirror surface distortions than LG modes of equivalent order. We present simulations of Advanced LIGO-like arm cavities with realistic mirror figures which can support HG$_{33}$ modes with average arm losses and contrast defects in a Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometer configuration which are well below the typical measured values in Advanced LIGO. This demonstrates that the mirror surface flatness errors will not be a limiting factor for the use of these modes in future gravitational-wave detectors.

New estimates of total factor productivity, technical and efficiency changes for the global agricultural economy

Aim of study: The accuracy of international and intertemporal comparisons of total factor productivity (TFP) growth requires the use of indicators that satisfy transitive and multiplicative properties, such as the Färe-Primont index (FPI). This paper compares the evolution of TFP in global agriculture.Area of study: Worldwide.Material and methods: The evolution of TFP in global agriculture was measured by the traditional Malmquist index (MI) and by the FPI, with alternative measurements of input capital.Main results: We found a significantly lower TFP growth with the FPI. New estimates of TFP growth for 1961-2015 show that output oriented scale-mix efficiency drives TFP growth, with an important technological change between 1996 and 2000 and another in 2014. Regional comparisons reveal heterogeneous trends in efficiency, linked to institutional reforms and agricultural R&D.Research highlights: More realistic figures and global comparisons of agricultural productivity provide a better understanding to implement better policies. Available measures of capital stock do not yield significant differences in TFP estimations, but the precise identification and estimation of the heterogeneous drivers and burdens is fundamental for boosting agricultural productivity and its benefits on global food security.

Authenticity of bottled water chemical composition inferred from brand labels: example of the Lebanese market

To date, no emphasis has been given to the quality of chemical composition of purchased bottled water as deduced from brand labels. Declared information ought to provide customers with facts and realistic figures to the best possible extent; however, contradiction is often oddly noticeable when hydrochemical data is screened for accuracy. This impeaches the authenticity of the brand and raises doubts about its credibility. Reviewing the truth of the water quality is quite easy based on the registered labels. Charge balance (CB) within a water sample and calculated total dissolved solids (TDSc) derived from major constituents announced on brand label are two straightforward proxies to the quality of water analyses. The example of the Lebanese market shows that 47% of the recognized local brands miss the CB of the water chemical analysis, and 65% declare significantly lower TDS values compared to TDSc. In addition, comparing lab measurements of Cl- and TDS to label concentrations reveal more than 25% variance for the majority of the studied brands, which confirms inaccurate announcements. These results criticize the reported labels, and call for more strict regulations in labeling procedures to ensure transparent, realistic and reliable claims.

RDMA data transfer and GPU acceleration methods for high-throughput online processing ofserial crystallography images.

The continual evolution of photon sources and high-performance detectors drives cutting-edge experiments that can produce very high throughput data streams and generate large data volumes that are challenging to manage and store. In these cases, efficient data transfer and processing architectures thatallow online image correction, data reduction or compression become fundamental. This work investigates different technical options and methods fordata placement from the detector head to the processing computing infrastructure, taking into account the particularities of modern modular high-performance detectors. In order to compare realistic figures, the future ESRF beamline dedicated to macromolecular X-ray crystallography, EBSL8, is taken as an example, which will use a PSI JUNGFRAU 4M detector generating up to16 GB of data per second, operating continuously during several minutes. Although such an experiment seems possible at the target speed with the 100 Gb s-1 network cards that are currently available, the simulations generated highlight some potential bottlenecks when using a traditional software stack. An evaluation of solutions is presented that implements remote direct memory access (RDMA) over converged ethernet techniques. A synchronization mechanism is proposed between a RDMA network interface card (RNIC) and a graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerator in charge of the online data processing. The placement of the detector images onto the GPU is made to overlap with the computation carried out, potentially hiding the transfer latencies. As a proof of concept, a detector simulator and a backend GPU receiver with a rejection and compression algorithm suitable for a synchrotron serial crystallography (SSX) experiment are developed. It is concluded that the available transfer throughput from the RNIC to the GPU accelerator is at present the major bottleneck in online processing for SSX experiments.

Efficient food service chain management considering substitute products

PurposeThis study investigates the pricing and inventory control decisions of a company that owns a coffeehouse chain providing drip coffee and a coffee manufacturing factory producing ready-to-drink (RTD) coffee. To determine a way to maximize profit, optimal pricing and inventory control strategies are studied for both the RTD coffee as well as the coffeehouse chain network.Design/methodology/approachIt is assumed that the company sells only drip coffee through its coffeehouse chain and would like to launch RTD coffee via other channels such as convenience stores, supermarkets and so on to maximize its total profit. A mathematical model–based optimization is adopted to address the decision-making for the given problem situation, where the demand for both drip and RTD coffee are dependent on the values of decision variables. To solve the proposed mathematical model, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied due to nonlinearity of the developed model.FindingsIt is confirmed that a company can earn more profit by launching RTD coffee, even though the profit from drip coffee would reduce. In addition, the scenario analysis shows that by launching RTD coffee under various conditions, the total profits would also improve.Originality/valueThe value of this study is the proposed basic framework for the industry. In addition to the modeling framework and cost structure, realistic cost figures and technical details can be considered when applying the model to a practical setting.

Is Deployment of Charging Station the Barrier to Electric Vehicle Fleet Development in EU Urban Areas? An Analytical Assessment Model for Large-Scale Municipality-Level EV Charging Infrastructures

This work investigates minimum charging infrastructure size and cost for two typical EU urban areas and given passenger car electric vehicle (EV) fleets. Published forecasts sources were analyzed and compared with actual EU renewal fleet rate, deriving realistic EV growth figures. An analytical model, accounting for battery electric vehicle-plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (BEV-PHEV) fleets and publicly accessible and private residential charging stations (CS) were developed, with a novel data sorting method and EV fleet forecasts. Through a discrete-time Markov chain, the average daily distribution of charging events and related energy demand were estimated. The model was applied to simulated Florence and Bruxelles scenarios between 2020 and 2030, with a 1-year timestep resolution and a multiple scenario approach. EV fleet at 2030 ranged from 2.3% to 17.8% of total fleet for Florence, 4.6% to 16.5% for Bruxelles. Up to 2053 CS could be deployed in Florence and 5537 CS in Bruxelles, at estimated costs of ~8.3 and 21.4 M€ respectively. Maximum energy demand of 130 and 400 MWh was calculated for Florence and Bruxelles (10.3 MW and 31.7 MW respectively). The analysis shows some policy implications, especially as regards the distribution of fast vs. slow/medium CS, and the associated costs. The critical barrier for CS development in the two urban areas is thus likely to become the time needed to install CS in the urban context, rather than the related additional electric power and costs.

ПОЛТАВСЬКА БИТВА В ПОЛЬСЬКІЙ ІСТОРІОГРАФІЇ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

In the present article on the basis of comparative chronological method and methods of quantitative analysis and content analysis a number of monographic studies carried out in the twentieth century, the most famous Polish historians of early modern times, which studied various aspects of the battle of Poltava. It is established that the Polish historiography of the twentieth century little studied this battle, because the Polish contingents participated in it in a very small number. They fought on the side of the Swedish king Charles XII. In a short period of real independence of Poland in 1918–1939, polish historical science studied the events in the Polish theater of operations of the Great Northern war, and the events of 1709 in the Cossack Ukraine was given little attention. The only author, who mentioned the battle of Poltava in his monographs, was Y. Feldman. In the second half of the XX century, the number of studies has increased significantly, but their quality, due to the political dependence of the Polish state from the USSR, has changed little. The author analyzed the works of P. Yasenitsa, Yu. Gerovsky, Vl. Sercik and V. Wimmer. The main trends in coverage of the events around the battle of Poltava by polish historians are revealed. Polish historians made little use of both Russian and Swedish sources regarding the battle of Poltava. Their assessments remained traditional and repeated the official conclusions of Soviet historiography.The conclusion is made about the great dependence of polish historians on Russian and soviet historiographies, mainly due to political circumstances. Positive trends in the study of this battle in Polish historiography emerged only in the early years of the XXI century in generalization works of Z. Anusik, P. Krokosh and A. Andrusevich. However, a special study of the battle of Poltava we identified yet one article by P. Kroll. It has already submitted quite realistic figures and estimates of the events near Poltava in the summer of 1709, although some facts about the Russian army left in the previous interpretation.