Real Water Treatment Research Articles

Real Time Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment

Real Time Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment

Real time water quality monitoring and treatment

Real time water quality monitoring and treatment

Highly efficient activation of sulfite by surface oxidized pyrite for atrazine degradation: Experimental and DFT study

Surface oxidized pyrite (SOPy-90) was synthesized via calcination and showed much higher catalytic ability for sulfite than the pristine pyrite to degrade atrazine (ATZ). The impacts of SOPy-90 dosage, sulfite doses, and dissolved O2 on the ATZ elimination by SOPy-90/sulfite system were studied. Furthermore, β-FeOOH was generated on the surface of oxidized pyrite, which played a significant role in the catalysis of sulfite by SOPy-90. The reaction pH (4.0–7.0) was acidified to 4 by adding SOPy-90, which was beneficial for the sulfite activation by both material and dissolved Fe2+ to produce SO3•−. The generated SO3•− was further oxidized by dissolved O2 to form SO4•− as the predominant species, confirmed by the quenching experiments and EPR analysis. Besides, the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle was accelerated by the low-valent S(−II) on the SOPy-90 surface, thus enhancing the SOPy-90 catalysis capacity. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that Fe(II) was more likely to activate HSO3− to generate SO3•− on the SOPy-90 surface. The SOPy-90/sulfite system has good reusability and showed excellent performance to decompose ATZ in real water treatment.

N, S Co-Doped Carbons Derived from Enteromorpha prolifera by a Molten Salt Approach: Antibiotics Removal Performance and Techno-Economic Analysis

N, S co-doped bio-carbons with a hierarchical porous structure and high surface area were prepared using a molten salt method and by adopting Entermorpha prolifera (EP) as a precursor. The structure and composition of the bio-carbons could be manipulated by the salt types adopted in the molten salt assisted pyrolysis. When the carbons were used as an activating agent for peroxydisulfate (PDS) in SMX degradation in the advanced oxidation process (AOP), the removal performance in the case of KCl derived bio-carbon (EPB-K) was significantly enhanced compared with that derived from NaCl (EPB-Na). In addition, the optimized EPB-K also demonstrated a high removal rate of 99.6% in the system that used local running water in the background, which proved its excellent application potential in real water treatment. The degradation mechanism study indicated that the N, S doping sites could enhance the surface affinity with the PDS, which could then facilitate 1O2 generation and the oxidation of the SMX. Moreover, a detailed techno-economic assessment suggested that the price of the salt reaction medium was of great significance as it influenced the cost of the bio-carbons. In addition, although the cost of EPB-K was higher (USD 2.34 kg-1) compared with that of EPB-Na (USD 1.72 kg-1), it was still economically competitive with the commercial active carbons for AOP water treatment.

Flexible Electroflotocoagulation Reactor: New Design and Testing in Treatment of Real Surface Water

A novel continuous and flexible electroflotocoagulation (EFC) reactor was built using concentric cylindrical Al and Fe electrodes, which can be operated either as anodes or cathodes linked to a DC connection. The reactor was operationally assessed related to various cell configurations that assured the required stages of coagulant dosage, mixing, reaction, and settling or flotation. The effects of several design variables and operational parameters (such as the electrode position that determines the reactor configuration, current density (i), flow rate (F), and the electrode area-treated volume ratio (Sel/V)) on the specific energy consumption versus the aluminum dose and charge loading rate were investigated. The most energy-efficient cell configuration using an aluminum anode and iron cathode was tested for the treatment of surface water (Bega river, Timisoara city, Romania) rich in hydrophobic natural organic matter (8.3 mg C∙L−1 and specific UV absorbance parameter of 3.9 L∙m−1∙mg−1) and with a high turbidity of 92 NTU, under flood conditions. The best results that assured 97% turbidity removal, 87% for absorbance recorded at 254 nm, and 60% for DOC removal, through enhanced electroflotocoagulation, were achieved for an operational current density of 10 A∙m−2 with specific energy and electrode consumption of 0.1 kW h∙m−3 and 0.017 kg Al∙m−3, respectively.

Fabrication of 3D lignosulfonate composited sponges impregnated by BiVO4/polyaniline/Ag ternary photocatalyst for synergistic adsorption-photodegradation of fluoroquinolones in water

In this work, a 3D lignosulfonate composited poly(vinyl formal) (PVF) sponge impregnated by BiVO4/polyaniline (PANI)/Ag ternary photocatalyst (PLS-BiVO4/PANI/Ag) was designed and fabricated. The synergistic adsorption-photodegradation of five fluoroquinolones (FQs) antibiotics onto PLS-BiVO4/PANI/Ag was investigated. Incorporating lignosulfonate as a carrier on PVF sponge improved its structural properties and enhanced its adsorption performance toward FQs. The BiVO4/PANI/Ag ternary photocatalyst was well-dispersed and tightly bound to the composited sponge, thus it efficiently degraded the adsorbed FQs through surface photodegradation. PLS-BiVO4/PANI/Ag achieved >90% removal efficiency for all examined FQs within 2.0 h in a batch system, while it maintained a steady 80% removal efficiency for 30.0 h in a continuous dynamic treatment system. Photoelectric characterizations and ESR results showed that BiVO4/PANI/Ag was consistent with the type II heterostructure and effectively improved the utilization of visible light and the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The hole was the dominant active species in the degradation of FQs, while the main degradation pathways included defluorination, decarboxylation and destruction of piperazine ring. The prepared composited sponge is thus characterized by its high performance, convenient operation, eco-friendliness, and practicality in real water treatment systems since it undergoes self-purification and is easily recovered from water without mass loss.

Synergistically enhanced solar light‐driven degradation of hazardous food colorants by ultrasonically derived MgFe2O4/S‐doped g‐C3N4 nanocomposite: A Z‐scheme system‐based heterojunction approach

Magnesium ferrite/sulfur‐doped graphitic nitride (MFO/SCNNS) heterostructure has been developed via sonication‐assisted deposition of zero‐dimensional MFO over the surface of two‐dimensional SCN nanosheets. Additionally, the prepared nanocomposite material has been characterized by several analytical characterization techniques including XRD, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED), energy‐dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), UV–Vis. spectroscopy, electron spin resonance(ESR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) which indicated the existence of strong interfacial interactions via heterojunction formation between MFO and SCNNS. The as prepared nanocomposite, especially MFO:SCNNS (1:1) (having 1:1 mass ratio of MFO to SCNNS), offered impressive photo‐response for the complete degradation of Erythrosine B and Indigo Carmine within 30 min under direct solar light irradiation. The enhanced photoactivity of the MFO:SCNNS (1:1) was also confirmed by the photoluminescence, photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Mott–Schottky analysis also depicts the formation of p‐n heterojunction at the interface of MFO and SCNNS, responsible for the enhanced photoactivity. Additionally, the degradation process has also been studied using mass spectrometry, UV–Vis, and ESR spectral analysis. The trapping experiments were also conducted to confirm the formation of active radical species during the photodegradation reaction. Furthermore, the nanocomposite photocatalytic material offered excellent stability and reusability and thus can serve as an effective candidate for environmental remediation application such as real waste water treatment.

The ‘chimie douce’ process towards the modification of natural zeolites for removing drugs and pesticides from water

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrugs and pesticides are emerging contaminants, and their presence in surface and groundwater have been increasing. Therefore, this work aims to study the modification of natural zeolite to remove these contaminants from water.RESULTSAmong the modifications carried out, hydrothermal treatment in the presence of surfactant (CTAB) was highlighted. The hydrothermal treatment with surfactant provided a structural rearrangement. As a result, the zeolite became more hydrophobic, with a smaller specific area and a more significant amount of mesopores and macropores. Changes in textural and chemical characteristics resulted in a significant increase in the removal of the evaluated pesticides and drugs. In order to evaluate the potential of zeolites to remove emerging contaminants under conditions closer to reality, the modified samples were evaluated in the adsorption process of simulated contaminated water. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained were 28.24, 3.07, and 20.06 mg g−1 for 2,4‐D, diuron, and diclofenac, respectively, using HT‐H2O_CTAB under conditions closer to real water treatment (30 °C and natural pH of the solution).CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that hydrothermal modification with CTAB is a promising ‘chimie douce’ technique to use natural zeolites to remove emerging contaminants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Cotton fabric decorated by a Zr4+ MOF for selective As(V) and Se(IV) removal from aqueous media

In this work we describe a new method for the fabrication of a bulk sorbent material composed of the metal-organic framework (MOF) [Zr6O4(OH)4(NH2BDC)6]·xH2O (MOR-1) supported on cotton textiles and demonstrate its ability to remove toxic oxyanions from the aquatic environment. The new sorbent shows exceptional capability for both individual and competitive sorption of As(V) and Se(IV) oxyanionic species from aqueous media, due to the strong binding of these species to the Zr4+ metal ions, the high permeability and large contact surface area of the fabric. The sorption capacities of MOR-1@cotton fabric for As(V) (459 mg g−1) and Se(IV) (325 mg g−1) largely exceed those of previous reported sorbents. In addition, MOR-1@cotton fabric showed excellent sorption efficiency in a wide pH range (3−7) as well as high selectivity for As(V) and Se(IV) against several competitive anionic species. Finally, the fabric sorbent was examined for its efficiency in the removal of As(V) and Se(IV) from genuine water samples (lake, river and well water) under realistic conditions with very satisfactory results. These data, along with the fact that the bulk MOR-1@cotton fabric can be easily retrieved from water after use (in contrast to sorbents being in powder form), pledges on the potential use of the material for real water treatment applications.

Advanced Intrusion Detection Combining Signature-Based and Behavior-Based Detection Methods

Recently, devices in real-time systems, such as residential facilities, vehicles, factories, and social infrastructure, have been increasingly connected to communication networks. Although these devices provide administrative convenience and enable the development of more sophisticated control systems, critical cybersecurity concerns and challenges remain. In this paper, we propose a hybrid anomaly detection method that combines statistical filtering and a composite autoencoder to effectively detect anomalous behaviors possibly caused by malicious activity in order to mitigate the risk of cyberattacks. We used the SWaT dataset, which was collected from a real water treatment system, to conduct a case study of cyberattacks on industrial control systems to validate the performance of the proposed approach. We then evaluated the performance of the proposed hybrid detection method on a dataset with two time window settings for the composite autoencoder. According to the experimental results, the proposed method improved the precision, recall, and F1-score by up to 0.008, 0.067, and 0.039, respectively, compared to an autoencoder-only approach. Moreover, we evaluated the computational cost of the proposed method in terms of execution time. The execution time of the proposed method was reduced by up to 8.03% compared to that of an autoencoder-only approach. Through the experimental results, we show that the proposed method detected more anomalies than an autoencoder-only detection approach and it also operated significantly faster.

New insight into the co-adsorption of oxytetracycline and Pb(II) using magnetic metal-organic frameworks composites in aqueous environment: co-adsorption mechanisms and application potentials.

The present study aimed to investigate the co-adsorption and application of water stabilized Fe3O4@ZIF-8 composite with magnetic cubic crystal structure. This new material was successfully prepared by facile modification strategy and rational design, which was used for simultaneous adsorption of oxytetracycline (OTC) and Pb(II) in aqueous solution. The co-adsorption behavior and mechanism of the composite for OTC and Pb(II) were systematically investigated by characterization techniques and batch experiments, and its application potential was effectively evaluated. The results showed that the synthesized Fe3O4@ZIF-8 composite innovatively retained the cubic crystal structure of ZIF-8 and was successfully loaded on the surface of Fe3O4 particles with small particle size to form a core-shell structure. The Fe3O4@ZIF-8 composite possessed a large specific surface area (1722 m2/g), magnetic separation performance (13.4emu/g), and rich functional groups. The co-adsorption of OTC and Pb(II) on Fe3O4@ZIF-8 had fast reaction kinetics (equilibrium within 90min) and large adsorption capacity (310.29mg/g and 276.06mg/g respectively). The adsorption process for both contaminants followed pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models and had synergistic and competitive effects at the same time. π-π stacking and electrostatic interaction were the main mechanisms of adsorption. Fe3O4@ZIF-8 had good adsorption performance after cyclic adsorption for 4 times and it performed well in the treatment of real waste water. This study provided a new sight for the control of combined pollution of OTC and Pb(II) and proved Fe3O4@ZIF-8 composites have great application potentials for complex wastewater treatment.

Microbial electrolysis cell coupled with anaerobic granular sludge: A novel technology for real bilge water treatment

In the current study, treatment of undiluted real bilge water (BW) and the production of methane was examined for the first time using a membraneless single chamber Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) with Anaerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) for its biodegradation. Initially, Anaerobic Toxicity Assays (ATAs) were used to evaluate the effect of undiluted real BW on the methanogenic activity of AGS. According to the results, BW shown higher impact to acetoclastics compared to hydrogenotrophic methanogens which proved to be more tolerant. However, dilution of BW caused lower inhibition allowing BW biodegradation. Maximum methane production (142.2 ± 4.8 mL) was observed at 50% of BW. Operation of MEC coupled with AGS, seemed to be very promising technology for BW treatment. During 80 days of operation in increasing levels of BW, R2 (1 V) reactor resulted in better performance than AGS alone. Exposure of AGS to gradual increase of BW content revealed that CH4 production was possible and reached 51% in five days even after feeding with 90% of BW using simple commercial iron electrodes. Successful chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal (up to 70%) was observed after gradual biomass acclimatization. Among the different monitored volatile fatty acids (VFAs), acetic and valeric acids were the most frequently detected compounds with concentrations up to 2.79 and 1.81 g L−1, respectively. The recalcitrant nature of BW did not allow the MEC-AD (anaerobic digester) to balance the consumed energy. Microbial profile analysis confirmed the existence of several methanogenic microorganisms of which Desulfovibrio and Methanobacterium presented significantly higher abundance in the cathodes compared to anodes and AGS.

Non-radical activation of peroxymonosulfate with oxygen vacancy-rich amorphous MnOX for removing sulfamethoxazole in water

Non-radical activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is a promising technology for removing refractory organic pollutants. However, improving its efficiency is still a challenge due to its ambiguous mechanism. In this work, amorphous MnOX was synthesized through the hydrothermal reaction between KMnO4 and carbon nanopowder. The characterization results indicate that the hydrothermal temperature had little effect on the structure of the products but affected their surface composition. The sample prepared at 180 °C (MnOX-180) had rich oxygen vacancies and exhibited high activity for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation with PMS. More than 97% of SMX was removed within 30 min by 0.5 g L−1 of MnOX-180 and 1 mmol L−1 of PMS at pH0 = 6.5. Activated PMS adsorbed on catalyst surface and singlet oxygen (1O2) produced from the non-radical pathway were the active species. Surface Mn4+ and oxygen vacancies were found to be responsible for the generation of activated PMS and 1O2, respectively. The degradation efficiency of SMX by MnOX-180 increased with decreasing solution pH, which can be attributed to the enhanced productionof activated PMS under acidic conditions. The water matrix had little effect on the performance of MnOX-180 due to the non-radical activation mechanism, suggesting its practical application in real water treatment.

Insights into boron removal from water using Mg-Al-LDH: Reaction parameters optimization & 3D-RSM modeling

In this study, calcined Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al-CLDH) was successfully synthesized for boron (B) removal from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted considering various reaction conditions, including initial pH, reaction temperature, initial B concentration, Mg-Al-CLDH dosage, ambient condition, and co-existing ions effect, for optimizing B removal efficiency. Results showed that sorption kinetic rate became higher by approaching towards the neutral pH conditions, while it declined at the strong acidic or alkaline conditions. Mg-Al-CLDH was capable of removing high B concentration (80 mg/L) from aqueous solutions at a reasonable dosage of 2 g/L, with a comparable sorption capacity (22.1 mg/g) to other reported studies. Moreover, high B removal rates were observed at high reaction temperatures, reflecting the endothermic nature of the reaction, and reached equilibrium within less than 6 h at temperature of 70 °C. Moreover, results of 3D-RSM modeling confirmed that the middle-high range of Mg-Al-CLDH dosage values was the suitable range to achieve high B removal efficiency, in spite of pH, temperature, and initial concentration effects. Furthermore, isotherm modeling confirmed that B removal by Mg-Al-CLDH occurred via a mono-layer sorption, and thermodynamic modeling revealed the positive value of entropy change, indicating that the randomness of the solid/liquid interaction increased within the adsorption process of B. Spent Mg-Al-CLDH showed great reusability performance by achieving 67%–75% B removal efficiency over three consecutive regeneration cycles, confirming the high potential and applicability of the presented adsorbent in real water treatment applications.

Solar-activated zinc oxide photocatalytic treatment of real oil sands process water: Effect of treatment parameters on naphthenic acids, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and acute toxicity removal

Oil sands process water (OSPW) is an industrial process effluent that contains organic compounds such as naphthenic acids (NAs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as large quantities of inorganic compounds in its mixture. OSPW requires effective treatment for successful reclamation and water reuse. This study investigated the impact of solar-activated zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalysis on the degradation and removal of NAs and PAHs in OSPW, as well as the elimination of its acute toxicity. With catalyst particles suspended in the effluent (at 1 g/L) under simulated solar radiation of steady irradiance of ~278 W/m2, more than 99% removal of NAs was achieved after 4 h of treatment, while nearly all PAHs were simultaneously oxidized within the same reaction time. The photocatalytic treatment appeared to selectively convert classical NAs faster than oxidized NAs. Additionally, NAs with higher double-bond equivalents (DBEs) and higher carbon numbers seemed more susceptible to photocatalytic destruction than others. An overall pseudo first-order rate constant of 1.14 × 10−2 min−1, and a fluence-based rate constant of 6.81 × 10−1 m2/MJ were recorded in apparently hydroxyl radicals (OH) and superoxide (O2−) radicals mediated NAs degradation mechanisms. Assessment of the toxicity levels in raw and treated OSPW samples by using Microtox® bioassay indicated that the photocatalytic treatment resulted in ~50% reduction in acute toxicity. Furthermore, we showed that by monitoring the expression levels of key proinflammatory genes using qPCR that treated OSPW significantly reduced the ability of raw OSPW to activate the inflammatory response of immune cells. This indicates that at acute sub-lethal exposure doses, photocatalytic treatment also reduces immunotoxicity. Overall, our results suggest that the ZnO-based photocatalytic degradation of these NAs and PAHs in OSPW could be a significant treatment process aimed at detoxifying OSPW.

Facile synthesis of Mn, Ce co-doped g-C3N4 composite for peroxymonosulfate activation towards organic contaminant degradation

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment have received extensive attention in the past years. Here, a novel Mn, Ce co-modified g-C3N4 (MnCe-CN) composite was successfully synthesized by one-step pyrolysis for activating PMS. The physical and chemical characterization of MnCe-CN/PMS was conducted, indicating that Mn and Ce were evenly distributed on g-C3N4 and existed in the form of Mn-N structure and CeO2, respectively. The MnCe-CN/PMS system could effectively degrade pollutants such as acetaminophen (ACT), methylparaben (MeP), p-nitrophenol (PNP), and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Among them, 2,4-DCP could be rapidly degraded, reaching 100% within 30 min. The masking experiments and electrochemical testing results revealed that 2,4-DCP was degraded via superoxide radicals (O2˙ˉ), singlet oxygen (1O2), and electron transfer path. The cyclic experiments and real water treatment experiments testified that the oxidative system had excellent stability and applicability. This study provides a facile synthetic method to fabricate bimetallic co-modified g-C3N4 for the enhancement of PMS activation.

Removal of humic substances by the synergistic effect of biochar adsorption and activation of persulfate

Combined adsorption and oxidation using biochar to activate persulfate has been recently applied to remove contaminants, yet most of the experiments are carried out using artificial synthetic water instead of real waters. Here we tested the removal of humic substances which is abundant and affecting water quality in natural waters, by persulfate combined with corn stalk biochar. Results showed that, compared with biochar prepared at 400 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C, biochar prepared at 900 °C after modified by hydrochloric acid had greater specific surface of 459.260 m2/g, richer porosity and higher removal of humic acids of more than 80% at pH 5.0–9.0 in pure water. Treatment of real river water showed decrease of 80.4% and 69.7% of total organic carbon (TOC) and UV254, respectively. The addition of tert-butyl-alcohol (TBA) and methanol (MeOH) inhibited the removal to a certain extent suggesting the existence of OH and SO4−. It was speculated that in addition to the adsorption of biochar, the oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface might act as active sites to promote the production of oxidized species. This work provides a method for corn stalks utilization in accordance with environmental sustainability and resource recovery.

The photocatalytic properties of zinc phthalocyanines supported on hematite nanofibers for use against methyl orange and Staphylococcus aureus

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising approach for environmental remediation from contaminants including microorganisms and organic pollutants. In this work, hematite nanofibers are fabricated and modified with a novel monosubstituted Pc (4) as well as an asymmetrical tetrasubstituted Pc (5) with the aim of creating hybrid photocataysts. The photocatalytic activities of the unmodified and phthalocyanine modified hematite nanofibers were compared based on their efficiencies in the photoinactivation of S. aureus and photooxidation of methyl orange. For both applications, the hybrid nanofibers were found to be more efficient photocatalysts than the unmodified hematite nanofibers. Comparison of the modified nanofibers (4-Fe2O3 and 5-Fe2O3) showed that they have comparable antibacterial activity while the 5-Fe2O3 nanofibers are the best for the photooxidation of methyl orange. The singlet oxygen generation efficiency, high activity, versatility, regenerability and thus reusability of the fabricated hybrid nanofibers makes them ideal candidates for real life water treatment studies.

Flux-enhanced reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/PVDF nanofibrous membrane distillation membranes for the removal of boron from geothermal water

• When the rGO concentration was increased, permeate flux was enhanced in AGMD system. • The optimum rGO concentration was described as 0.039 wt% according to membrane characterization such as contact angle, liquid entry pressure (LEP). • Compared to bare PVDF membrane, boron rejection was enhance using modified membrane with 0.039 wt% rGO. • It was obtained that less than 0.5 mg/L boron concentration in permeate water. In this work, fabrication of PVDF nanofiber membrane with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using electrospinning technique has been carried out to improve AGMD performance. Membrane morphology and different membrane characteristics such as contact angle, thickness, liquid entry pressure (LEP), young module, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface roughness of membrane were analyzed for the characterization of hydrophobic nanofiber membranes. Firstly, rGO/PVDF membranes with different rGO concentrations were produced using the electrospinning method. All fabricated rGO/PVDF membranes were characterized and used in the AGMD system for the treatment of saline water. Secondly, the selected optimum membrane according to characterization and filtration results was used in the AGMD system for the treatment of synthetic and real geothermal water. Results showed that all rGO membranes exhibit higher permeate water flux and salt rejection, lower permeate boron or salt concentration than pure PVDF membrane. In real geothermal water experiments, rGO/PVDF membrane (0.039 wt%) were improved permeate water flux from 19.20 to 30 L/m 2 .h, boron rejection from 96.89% to 98.16%. Also, permeate boron concentration was decreased using rGO/PVDF membrane (0.039 wt%) from 0.305 mg/L to 0.226 mg/L. As a result, fabricated rGO/PVDF membranes were achieved to the enhanced performance of the AGMD system.

Efficient and selective use of functionalized material in the decontamination of water: removal of emerging micro-pollutants from aqueous wastes

ABSTRACT The contamination of the aquatic environment with emerging micro-pollutants is a serious global concern. The aim of this investigation was to synthesize novel functionalized material (BNAPTES) precursor to natural bentonite in a single pot facile synthetic route. The material was utilized for efficient and selective removal of tetracycline (TC) and triclosan (TCS) in aqueous wastes. The grafting of silane was confirmed with the FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) analysis and the EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) analysis showed the incorporation of amino group with the bentonite. The structural changes of clay due to silane grafting were studied with the help of XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and BET (Brunner-Emmett-Teller) surface area analyses. Batch adsorption studies showed that functionalized clay significantly increased the selectivity and adsorption capacity of bentonite for TC and TCS. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 15.36 and 17.15 mg/g for TC and TCS, respectively. The rapid uptake of TC and TCS by functionalized material followed pseudo-second-rate kinetics. Further, a total of 78% of TC and 73% of TCS were removed within 5 min of contact and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 120 min. The influence of background electrolytes and co-existing ions indicated that TC and TCS were selective towards BNAPTES. The loading capacities of the column packed with BNAPTES were found to be 56.00 and 44.42 mg/g for TC and TCS, respectively. Further, BNAPTES was found efficient even in real water treatment since the attenuation of TC and TCS was not affected significantly in the real water matrix.