Real View Research Articles

The The Perceptions of Parents and Teachers about the Classroom Environment and Morality

The basic objective of this study was to explore the issues of morality in the classroom environment and to look for the ways to teach moral values to the students during their classes. This small scale study has tried to provide some solutions to this issue. The present study has adopted a qualitative paradigm for the in-depth analyses of the issues regarding morality and classroom education. The study includes semi structured interviews taken from ten parents whose children are studying at the university level. Moreover ten university teachers were also interviewed to know about their views regarding the issue of how to teach moral values to the students in the classroom setting along with teaching. The interviewees were chosen through purposive sampling technique. The interviews were semi structured so that real views of the teachers and parents could be explored and also to make them feel relaxed. The interview consisted of five open ended questions. The interviews were recorded and later transcribed and then they were analysed by utilising the thematic analysis technique. The major themes which emerged after the analysis were that first of all, teacher should be a role model practicing the moral values himself/herself. Another theme was bridging the gap between parents and children, also enhancing friendliness among the teachers and their students so that students could be taught how to observe certain ethics and values in the classroom settings in an informal way like showing some videos or discussing some news which highlight some moral issues. Another theme was to develop a model based on moral education which should be incorporated into the curriculum of the educational institutes. The study provided some effective solutions which if incorporated in the classroom teaching can be helpful in solving the issue of morality among the students.

Comparative Study between Nasal Endoscopic Findings and Nose and Paranasal Sinus Computerized Tomography in diagnosis of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Diseases

Background: Nasal obstruction is common in otorhinolaryngology outpatient visitors. The diagnosis of such compliant is by history, clinical examination and diagnostic procedures. Nasal endoscopy and computerized tomography scan are common diagnostic investigations. Nasal obstruction is either anterior or posterior (nasal septal deviations, hypertrophied turbinate pathological cyst, polyps, mass etc), or postnasal obstruction (hypertrophied turbinate, adenoid hypertrophy, nasopharyngeal cyst or nasopharyngeal tumors).
 Aim of study: Prospective study to compare endoscopic finding and computerized tomography of nose, paranasal sinuses and postnasal space as diagnostic methods for nasal obstruction and other nose, paranasal sinuses and post nasal space diseases.
 Subjects and methods: 80 patients with nasal obstruction between the age of 12-60 years old.All patient were examined by nasal endoscopy (rigid or flexible) under local anaesthesia (10 % xylocaine spray and cotton wicks soaked with ephidren 0.5 % and xylocaine 2 % ) and nose, paranasal sinuses and post nasal space C.T. scan,weather without contrast or with it, bone window or soft tissue according to the lesion. 
 Results: Both nasal endoscopy and C.T. scan were an important tools for diagnosis of nasal diseases and complementary to each other.
 Conclusion: Endoscopic examination of the nose gives a real view of nasal structures, postnasal space, any mass or polyps present.Computerized tomography is an accurate diagnostic method of the Nose, paranasal sinuses and post nasal spaces anatomical variations or pathologies.

Local Feature Performance Evaluation for Structure-From-Motion and Multi-View Stereo Using Simulated City-Scale Aerial Imagery

Ubiquitous low cost multi-rotor and fixed wing drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have accelerated the need for reliable, robust, and scalable Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) pipelines suitable for a variety of flightpath trajectories especially in degraded environments. Feature tracking being a core part of SfM and MVS, is essential for multiview scene modeling and perception, but difficult to evaluate in large scale datasets due to the lack of sufficient ground-truth. For large-scale aerial imagery, accurate camera orientation and dense 3D point cloud accuracy can be used to assess the impact of accurate feature localization and track length. We propose a novel view simulation (or synthesis) framework which generates visually realistic new unseen camera views for feature detection using known high fidelity camera poses for modeling. Seven state-of-the-art local handcrafted and learning-based features are quantitatively evaluated for robustness and matchability within the SfM and MVS pipelines using the open source COLMAP software. Our experimental results provide performance rankings of each feature, using twelve different evaluation metrics across three synthetic city-wide aerial image sequences. We show that recent learned features, SuperPoint and LF-Net, have not only reached the quality of the best handcrafted features like SIFT and SURF, but now outperform them in terms of more accurate 3D camera pose estimates and longer feature tracks. SuperPoint produces 1.51 meter average position error and 0.03° average angular error, while SIFT remains competitive (second best for pose and overall) with 1.78 meter and 0.11° errors respectively.

Key performance indicators regarding user comfort for building energy consumption management

This paper proposes an optimization approach to minimize the power consumption of an office building considering user comfort and key performance indicators. The present approach implements the power reduction by reducing power consumption of lights and air conditioners as reducible loads, and implements load shifting by considering dishwasher as shift able load. Two key performance indicators and several comfort parameters are defined to limit the power reduction of lights and air conditioners to consider the user comfort. In the context of load shifting, the complete operation cycle of dishwasher should be shifted without interruption based on the priority weight of the periods and available power. In the present optimization approach, sufficient number of periods have been considered for running the optimization, considering operational constraints and multiple levels for key performance indicators to evaluate their effectiveness. The case study of the work contains six different scenarios to validate different characteristics of the approach. Real consumption data of 20 lights, 10 air conditioners and 1 dishwasher in 20 working days have been applied to implement six different scenarios to propose a real comparable view of present approach.

YRisk-COVID a Risk Warning and Management Application to Address Individual risks of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

In this paper we put forward the need to build a risk taxonomy and a simply digestible risk score to highlight areas of COVID-19 infection risk for individuals as part of their typical daily activities. The taxonomy will cover the areas people live, work (study), travel and socialise to enhance the views of infection rates in specific but very common environments. This taxonomy will allow users, via a proposed application (named YRisk- COVID), to assess their own individual risks, their household and work place risk. The taxonomy will include factors such as regional levels of infection, local population density where an individual lives, their work place (or school) and their typical travel methods. The further collection of data will enable refinements of the taxonomy and identification of other risk factors and model improvements. The result will provide a near real time view of risks to individuals. The model has been built based on the latest infectivity research and uses data collected from UK government COVID-19 case data, as well as the data collected within the application. The model has been designed to improve individual's decision making of risks of COVID-19 infection and will provide users with the ability to compare the risks related to their daily activities. The data collected will be provided back to users and will lead to an opportunity for users to be able to relate to the regional risk of becoming infected. The application can provide the means for enhanced risk planning across regions, work or study locations, and for the individual. The data collected will provide not only advanced warning of risk, but can also be used to assess how the wider population responds to measures taken by regional and national governments. The application provides a unique means for individuals to self regulate their risks in conjunction with government guidelines.

ЕМПІРИЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ НАДІЙНОСТІ ЧЛЕНІВ ТАНКОВОГО ЕКІПАЖУ

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of empirical indicators of the psychological reliability of members of a tank crew. According to the results of an empirical study, a group of tankers was identified in terms of the reliability of their professional activities. Purpose. Determination of empirical indicators of psychological reliability of tank crew members.Methods. To diagnose the manifestation of individual psychological characteristics of tank specialists, depending on the indicators of the reliability of their professional activities used psychodiagnostic methods: surveys, questionnaires, evaluation of performance, testing. Methods of statistical processing of empirical data: methods of descriptive statistics, one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion, Student's t-test for independent samples. Mathematical processing of the obtained data, construction of graphs, charts is carried out on the basis of a standardized package of computer programs: Microsoft Office Excel 2007, IBM SPSS Statistics - 21.0.Originality. Determinants of reliability of members of the tank crew are established Armed Forces of Ukraine. The practical significance of the obtained results of the research lies in the use of the obtained data in the system of psychological support of servicemen of the land forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the performance of assigned tasks.Conclusion. The studied tankers with a high level of psychological reliability showed a generally higher ability to regulate their own behavior in professionally conditioned situations, more consciously manage their states, motivations and actions. They are characterized by self-confidence, calmness, stability of intentions, realistic views, a developed sense of duty, they are well aware of their own motives, systematically realize their intentions, distribute efforts and are able to control their actions. They have a clear internal locus of control (high independence, responsibility, resistance to external influences, difficulties). The most characteristic styles of behavior in the conflict of compromise and cooperation, a moderate level of personal and reactive (situational) anxiety, a high level of general self-regulation (planning, modeling, programming and evaluation of results), awareness, realism, detail, hierarchy and consistency of plans, goals, flexibility in achieving them, adequate evaluation criteria.Tankers with a low level of psychological reliability are characterized by higher sensitivity, they are less emotionally stable, confident, their level of reflexivity and general background of activity is lower, low internality (lack of independence, dependence on external control, low resistance to difficulties). The most characteristic are the styles of behavior in the conflict of avoidance and rivalry, a moderate level of personal anxiety, a high level of reactive (situational) anxiety. Low level of general self-regulation, variability of plans, difficulties in defining goals and programs of action, assessment of the current situation, lack of flexibility and stability of performance criteria.The prospect of further research is to identify the psychological characteristics of the relationship between individual and psychological characteristics of tank crew members by levels of manifestation of their reliability.

Terrestrial and airborne laser scanning and 2-D modelling for 3-D flood hazard maps in urban areas: new opportunities and perspectives

The development of a shared understanding of current flood risk amongst stakeholders is one of the main goals of flood risk management. This priority suggests that stakeholders must understand the possible impacts on their property and assets, and measures they can take to mitigate the risk. Nowadays, flood maps are considered to be a potentially valuable tool for improving this understanding, but some drawbacks related to the use of flood maps for risk communication has been highlighted in the literature. An alternative and novel approach is provided by 3-D representations of flood inundation, so that supplementing flood maps with 3D visualization techniques is increasingly seen as a powerful tool with which to engage people with flood hazards. In this context, the detailed representation of the urban areas is important not only to set an accurate out-of-bank river model, essential for reliable simulations of flow dynamics inside the urban districts, but could be also a key element for the generation of realistic 3D views able to enhance risk perception and communication. In the framework described so far, 3D point cloud data provided by a terrestrial laser scanner could play an interesting role. Therefore, the main novelty introduced by this work is the combination of 2D flood simulations, 3D visual techniques and airborne/terrestrial laser scanning in order to develop new approaches for risk communication and perceptions. The potential of the methods developed here has been discussed in relation to a hypothetical flood event of the Crati river, flowing through the old city of Cosenza (South of Italy).

A methodic approach to the solution of problem of main stock usage effictiveness

The article offers a methodic approach to the solution of the issue of main stock usage effectiveness index definition. Traditionally the main stock usage effectiveness calculation is carried out by balance and residual values. This approach in whole ignores (except for two coefficients) the wearing-out of main stocks and tortures the real view of their actual condition. In connection with this, in some oil-gas production boards (OGPB) of «Azneft» PU was conducted a comparative analysis of index system of usage effectiveness of main stocks that have been calculated by balance and residue values. The investigations have a great theoretical significance and in practice may be applied by OGPB in the analysis of enterprise industry activity.

Video Laryngoscopic Endotracheal Intubation in Cardiac Operation Theater - Experience at a Peripheral Tertiary Healthcare Centre of Bangladesh

Background: Endotracheal intubation is an essential primary skill for all anesthesiologists. For cardiac anesthesiologists rapid and proper intubation is more important as failure may cause serious consequences. Video laryngoscope provides a better real time view of the larynx, epiglottis and vocal cords. It also keeps the intubating anesthetist away from the patient as compared to conventional laryngoscopy. This may be very important in this COVID-19 era. To the best of our knowledge the Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Anesthesia of Chattogram Medical College & Hospital is the first center in Bangladesh to introduce video laryngoscope in cardiac OT.
 The objective of this study was aimed to compare the intubation time, hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy, success rates and operator’s comfort using the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope and video laryngoscope in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
 Materials and Methods: A total of 60 adult patients were included in this comparative study, subjected to general anesthesia for cardiac surgery, intubated using either conventional Macintosh direct laryngoscope or video laryngoscope. Patients were intubated by 3 different consultant anesthesiologists with equal competency of our department.
 Results: There was not much difference between Video laryngoscopy and conventional laryngoscopy in terms of intubation time and success rate. Video laryngoscopy exhibited less hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation; however, the difference was not statistically significant in this small group of patients. Operators were much more comfortable with Video laryngoscope than conventional laryngoscope particularly with the cases of difficult intubation because of the better glottic view with the former.
 Conclusion: Video laryngoscope is preferred by cardiac anesthetists because of better glottic view.
 Bangladesh Heart Journal 2020; 35(1) : 47-53

The influence of a serious game\u2019s narrative on students\u2019 attitudes and learning experiences regarding delirium: an interview study

BackgroundDelirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that affects patients’ attention and awareness as a result of a physical condition. In recent years, persistent gaps in delirium education have led to suboptimal delirium care. Still, little is known about what are the most important aspects of effective delirium education. Serious games are both entertainment and an interactive, safe learning environment where players can experiment and create new knowledge. They have the potential to contribute to improved delirium education. We used a video-based serious games’ narrative to explore aspects essential to enhance students’ attitudes and learning experiences regarding delirium.MethodsWe created a semi-structured interview guide and interviewed seven nursing and nine medical students about their attitudes and learning experiences, after they had played the game. A qualitative descriptive design and inductive content analysis with constant comparison were used.ResultsThe patient’s and nurse’s perspective, interactivity to experiment, realistic views on care options, and feedback on care actions were important for enhancing students’ attitudes and learning experiences regarding delirium. Students felt these aspects encouraged them to get actively involved in and experiment with the study material, which in turn led to enhanced reflection on delirium care and education. Our findings highlight the importance of a more patient-oriented focus to delirium education to drive attitudinal change. Students’ learning experiences were further enhanced through their affective responses provoked by the perspectives, interactivity, realism, and feedback.ConclusionsStudents considered the characters’ perspectives, interactivity, realism, and feedback important aspects of the game to enhance their attitudes towards delirious patients and enrich their learning experiences. A patient-oriented narrative provides a clinically relevant experience in which reflection plays an important role. The serious game also serves as medium to actively experiment with care solutions to create better understanding of how healthcare professionals can influence a delirious patient’s experience.

Just-in-Time system in terms of real options

The value creation process in a company and the competitive position are critically influenced by corporate resource allocation and proper valuation of investment alternatives. After the Second World War, capital budgeting and strategic planning emerged as two complementary but different systems for resource allocation. The real options approach developed in the ’80s may provide a useful tool for making a connection between capital budgeting and strategic management. Real options are implicit managerial and operating flexibilities embedded in many non-financial assets and liabilities. In a wider sense: “A real option is the investment in physical assets, human competence, and organisational capabilities that provide the opportunity to respond to future contingent events” (Kogut-Kulatilaka, 2001). This paper shows that Just-in-Time (JIT) system as management philosophy can be regarded as a knowledge-based or capability-based implicit strategy rather than a simple, easy-toimitate best practice approach. Moreover, implementation of JIT can be considered as a strategic investment. The presentation focuses on how the relation among strategic investments, developed technological systems and corporate strategy can be expressed through the real options view.

Human-in-the-loop evaluation of an augmented reality based interface for the airport control tower

An innovative airport control tower concept based on the use of modern augmented reality technologies has been developed and validated by means of human-in-the-loop experiments in a simulated environment. An optical-based augmented reality interface underpins the proposed concept that consists in providing air traffic control operators in the airport control tower with complete head-up information, as opposed to the current mix of information retrieval through both head-up real view and head-down interfaces. Specific measurement of the time spent by the operator working in either head-up or head-down position, show that the proposal has a clear effect in stimulating the air traffic control operator to work in a head-up position more than in a head-down position, with positive effects on his/her situational awareness and perceived workload, especially when dealing with low visibility conditions operational scenarios.

40‐2: Demonstration of a Novel Single‐Layer Double‐Pass Optical Architecture for a Pupil‐Matched Occlusion‐Capable Optical See‐Through Head‐Mounted Display

The rendering of mutual occlusion in optical see‐through head‐mounted displays (OST‐HMDs) poses several complex challenges. This paper discusses in detail these challenges and presents a novel optical architecture for enabling a compact, high performance, occlusion‐capable optical see‐through head‐mounted display (OCOST‐HMD) with correct, pupil‐matched viewing perspective. The proposed design utilizes a single‐layer, double‐pass architecture, offering a compact OCOST‐HMD solution to alleviate several of the main issues facing the state‐of‐art OST‐HMDs today. Our design is capable of rendering per‐pixel mutual occlusion with correct viewing perspective between virtual and real views while achieving a very wide see‐through field of view (FOV) in a wearable formfactor. Based on this optical architecture, we design and build a compact binocular prototype. The prototype offers a virtual display with an FOV of 34° by 22° with a wide see‐though FOV of 90° by 50°, within which about 40° diagonally is occlusion‐enabled. Further, the prototype system affords an angular virtual display resolution of 1.06 arc minutes per pixel, along with a modulated optical see‐through angular resolution of 1.0 arc minutes.

How Terrorism Affects Firm R&D Investment: A Real Options View

Although the number of countries threatened by terrorism has been increasing in the past decades, our understanding of the impact of terrorism is still limited. This study examines the relationship between terrorism and firm R&D investment, and how a country’s institutional environments and a firm’s resource endowments may shape this relationship. Drawing upon the real options theory, we argue that terrorism dampens firms’ R&D investment because terrorism-induced uncertainty increases the value of the embedded deferral option while having little impact on the value of the growth option. However, good institutional environments (e.g., strong IPR protection, low public expropriation hazards) mitigate firms’ disincentive to invest in R&D stemming from uncertainty. In addition, large and cash-rich firms are less sensitive to terrorism-induced uncertainty because they face higher organizational inertia and rely less on the external financial market.

Exploring the influence of socio-historical constructs on BIM implementation: an activity theory perspective

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been widely seen as bringing a paradigm change to the construction industry. However, scholars have acknowledged that neither widespread BIM implementation nor the envisaged systemic changes within the sector have taken place. Despite acknowledging that the industry’s conditions and embedded contexts shape innovation diffusion, existing studies have not explored in any depth “how” the context might influence the episode of change when a new technology is introduced and the new practices accompanying that technology and old practices co-evolve. By adopting activity theory, its concepts of contradictions and multiple layers within the activity system, in this paper, we explore the interaction between situated and existing practices, or the “how” of implementation; that is, how the activity system is questioned and redefined during an episode of technological change. Drawing on data from multiple case studies, our findings demonstrate that situated practices related to the definition of information requirements, and the production and the handover of information were re-enacted following institutionalised socio-historical constructs (e.g. norms, rules, division of labour) at the industry and organisational levels. The findings provide insights regarding the inertia in the transformation of the sector as also deriving from re-enactments of socio-historical constructs that mediate the institutionalisation of situated practices. Our findings reveal re-enactment as part of the transformation process and contribute to calls for more realistic views on BIM implementation.

The dynamics of overlayer formation on catalyst nanoparticles and strong metal-support interaction

Heterogeneous catalysts play a pivotal role in the chemical industry. The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), which affects the catalytic activity, is a phenomenon researched for decades. However, detailed mechanistic understanding on real catalytic systems is lacking. Here, this surface phenomenon was studied on an actual platinum-titania catalyst by state-of-the-art in situ electron microscopy, in situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and in situ X-ray diffraction, aided by density functional theory calculations, providing a novel real time view on how the phenomenon occurs. The migration of reduced titanium oxide, limited in thickness, and the formation of an alloy are competing mechanisms during high temperature reduction. Subsequent exposure to oxygen segregates the titanium from the alloy, and a thicker titania overlayer forms. This role of oxygen in the formation process and stabilization of the overlayer was not recognized before. It provides new application potential in catalysis and materials science.

Regularization of Building Roof Boundaries from Airborne LiDAR Data Using an Iterative CD-Spline

Building boundaries play an essential role in many applications such as urban planning and production of 3D realistic views. In this context, airborne LiDAR data have been explored for the generation of digital building models. Despite the many developed strategies, there is no method capable of encompassing all the complexities in an urban environment. In general, the vast majority of existing regularization methods are based on building boundaries that are made up of straight lines. Therefore, the development of a strategy able to model building boundaries, regardless of their degree of complexity is of high importance. To overcome the limitations of existing strategies, an iterative CD-spline (changeable degree spline) regularization method is proposed. The main contribution is the automated selection of the polynomial function that best models each segment of the building roof boundaries. Conducted experiments with real data verified the ability of the proposed approach in modeling boundaries with different levels of complexities, including buildings composed of complex curved segments and point cloud with different densities, presenting Fscore and PoLiS around 95% and 0.30 m, respectively.

The GPS for surgery: A user-centered evaluation of a navigation system for laparoscopic surgery.

Unsafe surgical care has emerged as a significant public health concern, motivated by a high percentage of major complications happening during surgery, attributed to surgeons' skills and experience, and determined to be preventable. This article presents APSurg, an Abdominal Positioning Surgical system designed to improve awareness and safety during laparoscopic surgery. The proposed system behaves like a GPS, offering an additional dynamic virtual reality view of the surgical field. This work presents an evaluation study in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, and usability. Tests were conducted performing a localization task on an abdomen phantom in a simulated scenario. Results show a navigation accuracy below 5 mm. The task execution time was reduced by a 15% and the performed incision dimension was reduced by a 46%, with respect to a standard setup. A custom questionnaire showed a significant positive impact in exploiting APSurg during the surgical task execution.

Telemedicine for Eating Disorders: A Brief Report of a Italian Project

The objectives of the present work are the research and development of a Telemedicine system for therapy and enhanced monitoring of Eating disorders (ED). To this end, useful tools have been developed both for patients and caregivers and for operators: a) a mobile application for medical and psychological updates on the status of patients and through which it is possible to access psychological counselling services for family caregivers; and b) virtual and immersive reality viewers for the therapy of ED patients with social anxiety.

Metallographic Determination of Strain Distribution in Cold Extruded Aluminum Gear-Like Element

In this study, an experimental, metallographic method for determining strain distribution in a cold extruded aluminum gear-like element, based on the dependence of recrystallized grain size on prior deformation, was devised in order to overcome design problems in manufacturing of complex parts where critical values of strain and stress could cause a fracture. The method was applied on a 99.5% aluminum bar subjected to cold, radial extrusion, in order to produce complex gear-like element. To reveal the strain and stress distribution in specimens, the calibration and flow curves were first obtained by uniaxial compression (Rastegaev test). Afterwards, the grain size in different parts of the gear section was examined, the strain and stress distributions were calculated, and the results were confirmed by microhardness measurements. It was found that grain size, strain, stress, and microhardness considerably differed throughout the cross-section of the gear. The coarsest grain, and thus the lowest strain zone, was obtained in the central part of the tooth and in the zone between teeth. Conversely, the finest grains appeared in the highest strain zone at the specimen surface, particularly in the root of the teeth. Furthermore, results were supported by microhardness measurements, i.e., microhardness corresponded to grain size and strain hardening. Finally, the real view of material flow in the complex extruded part was successfully obtained by the metallographic method.