Real-time Video Transmission Research Articles

Real-time communication for Kinect-based telerehabilitation

As chronic diseases and demographic changes alter the trends in world population, more pressure is put on health management to deal efficiently with a new scenario of longer life expectancy and chronic disabilities. Advances in telecommunication technology and miniaturization of sensors in combination with medical information technology provide a viable solution to reduce healthcare costs and deliver remote medical services through connected devices. Although remote consultation via video-conferencing has been well established, many of the chronic or long-term musculoskeletal conditions require pro-active management and therapy. There is a need to develop more advanced interactive telerehabilitation systems that support real-time remote delivery of physical therapy sessions into patients’ homes. In this paper, we introduce KinectRTC, an innovative framework that can be used for Kinect-based telerehabilitation with efficient real-time transmission of video, audio, depth, and skeletal data. By taking advantage of the Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) technology, the proposed framework is able to manage video and audio streams based on the state of the network and the available bandwidth to guarantee the real-time performance of the communication.

LTE TEKNOLOJİLERİNDE GERÇEK ZAMANLI VE YÜKSEK ÇÖZÜNÜRLÜKLÜ VİDEO AKTARIMLARININ PERFORMANS ANALİZLERİ

The most important factor in the development of wireless technologies is the need for people to access information without depending on location and time. In particular, the increasing number of users and the increased use of video applications have required the development of new structures in cellular networks. In this context, Long Term Evolution (LTE) technologies have been completely developed with packet switching structure. The aim of LTE development is to provide service to more users and faster data transfer. In this context, the current algorithms for allocating resources at the MAC layer in the LTE network have been examined for high definition video transmissions and for different user numbers. In this study, the numbers of lost packets, transmitted bit amounts, packet delays were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it is observed that the congestion rates of the network are increasing with the increase of the number of users in the high resolution and real time video transmission applications in the LTE network.

Flexible and timely on-line integration of medical services using iLand middleware

Modern medical systems are intensive in the use of distribution technology in medical services. Communication among professionals and patients is enabled to exchange patient information, and for on-line monitoring of health conditions. A miriad of specialized middleware solutions that have appeared in this domain, typically focus on providing more and more patient-data processing services over basic communication backbones (e.g., from pure socket communication to more sophisticated interaction models). Paradigms such as service oriented architectures and decoupled communication middleware support the development of emerging medical systems based on the composition of existing (posibly remote) services into a new application. This adjusts to the phylosophy of systems of systems (SoS) development. In a cyber-physical medical domain, service based applications require support for this composition in a way that a new application is created (or simply modified) in a timely fashion. iLand middleware supports this phylosophy, enabling both off-line and run-time reconfiguration of distributed service based applications. It provides timely operation, controlled communication delays, and a decoupled interaction model for stateless services. iLand has been used in medical applications for remote patient monitoring and in surveillance domains for remote real-time video transmission. This paper presents the systems that iLand has enabled in the medical domain, mainly based on remote patient monitoring. These iLand-based systems have shown to be flexible and capable of undergoing timely service reconfigurations.

Design of optical-acoustic hybrid underwater wireless sensor network

High-speed underwater wireless transmission technologies are urgently demanded to transmit three-dimensional high-resolution observation data timely in ocean exploration. Currently, underwater acoustic sensor networks have obtained high transmission distance, but with low date rate, high power consumption, high cost and damage to marine mammals. Meanwhile, underwater optical communications can achieve high date rate, but with difficult networking and short communication distance. This paper proposed a kind of novel Optical-Acoustic hybrid Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (OA-UWSN) which employed optical communication for high-speed transmission at close range and employed acoustic communication for transmitting control commands and node localization. OA-UWSN accomplished long-distance optical transmission through directional optical communication and multi-hop transmission mechanism. The problem of difficult networking in optical communication was solved by designing the whole space optical repeater. With the characteristics of directional optical transmission, the Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) technology was employed in Data Link Layer (DLL) to improve the data transmission efficiency. A routing protocol based on reverse route search was designed to improve the network life cycle and adapt to network topology which changed frequently. The paper proposed a solution for wireless transmission of real-time video and images in marine exploration and provided new methods for high-speed transmission of marine information detection.

High Altitude Balloon Payload Design for Atmospheric Observations

In 2016, Microcontroller Research Group at Dept. of Electrical Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogykarta has designed and developed a payload for High Altitude Balloon. This payload has function measuring atmospheric parameter vertically and sending the data to ground station on earth using telemetry. The parameters measured are air pressure, temperature and relative humidity. Besides sending these parameters, payload also have mission monitoring real positions of payload using GPS, real time video transmission,regulary capturing and sending image from payload . This payload is tested on the annual Atmosphere Balloon Payload Competition (KOMBAT) 2016. This paper will describe the design payload, payload software algorithms and the results that have been obtained.

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Group-Aware Delay-Constrained Video Transmission Over Multihomed Device-to-Device Networks

The technological advancements in wireless communication systems enable mobile users to leverage different radio interfaces (e.g., cellular and WiFi) for concurrent data transmission. However, the existing transmission schemes do not seriously consider the problem of real-time video multicast to a cluster of co-located multihomed mobile devices. Conventionally, each client fetches the video streaming to the best of its capability, and this results in competing resources that degrade user-perceived video quality. Several literatures investigated the problem of using cellular to obtain video contents from the remote server and sharing them through WiFi. However, the stringent delay constraint of real-time video is not addressed in these solutions. In this paper, a cooperative transmission scheme is proposed to tackle the problem. First, a mathematical framework dubbed (Group-Aware Delay-COnstraint) is developed to formulate the delay-constrained goodput maximization problem of real-time video transmission to a group of multihomed mobiles. Second, a dataflow distribution mechanism is presented to conserve the cellular bandwidth and maximize user experience. Then, a prototype is implemented on the Android platform involving real-time video encoded with H.264 codec. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves appreciable improvements over the reference schemes in video peak signal-to-noise ratio, end-to-end delay, and goodput.

Real-Time Video Transmission of Visible Light Communication Based on LED

In order to realize the video image transmission and the excellent lighting function of the visible light communication system, a LED-based visible light communication method and system is proposed. Based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware, the RS channel coding is applied to the visible light communication system. A pulse position decision algorithm is proposed, which is applied to the receiver of the visible light communication system to meet the error-free decision of the signal. The design of the system is based on the analog-to-digital conversion circuit, which provides a large signal dynamic range for the pulse position decision algorithm, and designs the LED driver based on the bias circuit to realize the fast broadband modulation of the signal. The test results show that the combined application of pulse position decision algorithm and Reed-Solomon codec can reduce the error of system signal and meet the real-time and reliable transmission of signal. The system can display the received video in real time from the receiver, and the whole system communication distance up to 5 m.

POLLEN BEARING HONEY BEE DETECTION IN HIVE ENTRANCE VIDEO RECORDED BY REMOTE EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR POLLINATION MONITORING

Abstract. Honey bees have crucial role in pollination across the world. This paper presents a simple, non-invasive, system for pollen bearing honey bee detection in surveillance video obtained at the entrance of a hive. The proposed system can be used as a part of a more complex system for tracking and counting of honey bees with remote pollination monitoring as a final goal. The proposed method is executed in real time on embedded systems co-located with a hive. Background subtraction, color segmentation and morphology methods are used for segmentation of honey bees. Classification in two classes, pollen bearing honey bees and honey bees that do not have pollen load, is performed using nearest mean classifier, with a simple descriptor consisting of color variance and eccentricity features. On in-house data set we achieved correct classification rate of 88.7% with 50 training images per class. We show that the obtained classification results are not far behind from the results of state-of-the-art image classification methods. That favors the proposed method, particularly having in mind that real time video transmission to remote high performance computing workstation is still an issue, and transfer of obtained parameters of pollination process is much easier.

POLLEN BEARING HONEY BEE DETECTION IN HIVE ENTRANCE VIDEO RECORDED BY REMOTE EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR POLLINATION MONITORING

Honey bees have crucial role in pollination across the world. This paper presents a simple, non-invasive, system for pollen bearing honey bee detection in surveillance video obtained at the entrance of a hive. The proposed system can be used as a part of a more complex system for tracking and counting of honey bees with remote pollination monitoring as a final goal. The proposed method is executed in real time on embedded systems co-located with a hive. Background subtraction, color segmentation and morphology methods are used for segmentation of honey bees. Classification in two classes, pollen bearing honey bees and honey bees that do not have pollen load, is performed using nearest mean classifier, with a simple descriptor consisting of color variance and eccentricity features. On in-house data set we achieved correct classification rate of 88.7% with 50 training images per class. We show that the obtained classification results are not far behind from the results of state-of-the-art image classification methods. That favors the proposed method, particularly having in mind that real time video transmission to remote high performance computing workstation is still an issue, and transfer of obtained parameters of pollination process is much easier.

Low bit-rate compression of underwater imagery based on adaptive hybrid wavelets and directional filter banks

A new underwater video compression technique based on adaptive hybrid wavelets and directional filter banks is proposed to achieve both high coding efficiency and good reconstruction quality at very low-bit rates. A key application is the real-time transmission of video through acoustic channels with limited bandwidth, from an autonomous underwater vehicle to a surface station, e.g., for man-in-the-loop monitoring and inspection operations. For intra-frame coding, the method maintains details in texture regions at relatively low bit rates, and overcomes the ringing artifacts within smooth regions. For inter-frame coding, improved efficiency is achieved by making use of: (1) a new spatio-temporal just-noticeable-distortion model to remove perceptual redundancy; (2) motion interpolation to reduce bit rate; and (3) variable-precision in quantizing the residual error. Experiments with underwater video sequences are presented to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach, in comparison to traditional wavelet-based techniques.

Wireless OAM transmission system based on elliptical microstrip patch antenna.

The multiplexing transmission has always been a focus of attention for communication technology. In this paper, the radiation characteristics of circular microstrip patch antenna was firstly analyzed based on cavity model theory, and then spiral beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) were generated, using elliptical microstrip patch antenna, with a single feed probe instead of a standard circular patch with two feedpoints. Moreover, by combining the proposed elliptic microstrip patch antenna with Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), a wireless OAM transmission system was established and the real-time transmission of text, image and video in a real channel environment was realized. Since the wireless OAM transmission has the advantage of good safety and high spectrum utilization efficiency, this work has theoretical significance and potential application.

A Simple Interface for 3D Position Estimation of a Mobile Robot with Single Camera.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of mobile robots controlled by a smart phone or tablet. This paper proposes a visual control interface for a mobile robot with a single camera to easily control the robot actions and estimate the 3D position of a target. In this proposal, the mobile robot employed an Arduino Yun as the core processor and was remote-controlled by a tablet with an Android operating system. In addition, the robot was fitted with a three-axis robotic arm for grasping. Both the real-time control signal and video transmission are transmitted via Wi-Fi. We show that with a properly calibrated camera and the proposed prototype procedures, the users can click on a desired position or object on the touchscreen and estimate its 3D coordinates in the real world by simple analytic geometry instead of a complicated algorithm. The results of the measurement verification demonstrates that this approach has great potential for mobile robots.

Border surveillance monitoring using Quadcopter UAV-Aided Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we propose a novel cooperative bordersurveillance solution, composed of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deployed terrestrially to detect and track trespassers, and a set of lightweight unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) in the form of quadcopters that interact with the deployed WSN to improve the border surveillance, the detection and investigation of network failures, the maintenance of the sensor network, the tracking of trespasser, the capture and transmission of realtime video of the intrusion scene, and the response to hostage situations. A heuristic-based scheduling algorithm is described to optimize the tracking mission by increasing the rate of detected trespassers spotted by the quadcopters. Together with the design of the electrical, mechanical and software architecture of the proposed VTail quadcopter, we develop in this paper powerless techniques to accurately localize terrestrial sensors using RFID technology, compute the optimal positions of the new sensors to drop, relay data between isolated islands of nodes, and wake up sensors to track intruders. The developed VTail prototype is tested to provide valid and accurate parameters’ values to the simulation. The latter is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed WSN-based surveillance solution.

Efficient Bluetooth Video Transmission with Resource Manager

A scheme of wireless real video transmission with optimized Quality-of-service is proposed in this paper. It combines H.264 video compression technology with Bluetooth technology to reduce demand of bandwidth and power consumption. Resource manager (RM) is used to smooth video output traffic and to partially eliminate peak of video stream transmitted in Bluetooth channel. The RM monitors status of video transmitters, manipulates and coordinates the being encoded video, and adopts traffic credits to support real-time video services. Measured results show that a maximal speed of transmission can be achieved with a best suitable ACL packets type, rather than the maximum payload packet, according to SNR to achieve. The system can support real-time video transmission with good quality. And more, it can be realized easily in mobile application for its good transportability and robustness.

A Combined Radio and Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System based on Buoys

We propose a system of combining radio and underwater wireless optical communication based on buoys for real-time image and video transmission between underwater vehicles and the base station on the shore. We analysis how the BER performance is affected by the link distance and the deflection angle of the light source using Monte Carlo simulation.

Quality-of-Experience Optimization for a Cloud Gaming System With <italic>Ad Hoc</italic> Cloudlet Assistance

Cloud gaming systems host the game in the cloud, while Gameplays and views are streamed to the players’ terminals in the form of encoded video frames. To address the high-bandwidth issue of real-time gaming video transmission, we have proposed a cloudlet-assisted multiplayer cloud gaming system to encourage cooperative video sharing, which exploits the similarities of video frames among multiple players in the same crowd playing the same game via a secondary ad hoc network. In this paper, we provide a detailed modeling of the proposed system, including the correlation between video frames, mobility of terminal devices, and diversity of network quality of service for distinct players. With necessary mathematical formulations, we study the players’ behaviors regarding the cooperative sharing patterns to optimize the system performance in terms of the quality of users’ experience. Also, heuristic algorithms are proposed to reduce the computational complexity. Empirical study and trace-driven simulation results illustrate the impact of mobility on the system performance and show that the proposed solution is able to provide better quality of experience compared with the existing platform.

The Mobil Type Weather Information Detects Device

In the case, the proposed a simple solar powered weather information gathering module, which can be mounted on mobile vehicles, using green energy, Global Positioning System (GPS) and information and communications technology (ICT). When parking in the outdoor, the operate and the sensor switch too. All the measurement data, not only can provide the local temperature and humidity information to the stranger, who will go to here, because it will detect than the automatic observation station more accurate and more instant. According to the GPS data, it will be uploaded to public homepage, or the cloud database computing parameters, all as an effort to make contribution in the search of new energy resources. Overall the weather information gathering mode uses Android App software, integrated with the image capture function of smart phone and GPS function. Through this the spindle in the real-time video transmission system and Journey Logcombine to provide more information to integrally analyze and instantly display the weather information of various regions.

Loss Visibility Optimized Real-Time Video Transmission Over MIMO Systems

The structured nature of video data motivates introducing video-aware decisions that make use of this structure for improved video transmission over wireless networks . In this paper, we introduce an architecture for real-time video transmission over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems using loss visibility side information . We quantify the perceptual importance of a packet through the packet loss visibility and use the loss visibility distribution to provide a notion of relative packet importance . To jointly achieve high video quality and low latency, we define the optimization objective function as the throughput weighted by the loss visibility of each packet, a proxy for the total perceptual value of successful packets per unit of time. We solve the problem of mapping video packets to MIMO subchannels and adapting per-stream rates to maximize the proposed objective . We show that the solution enables jointly reaping gains in terms of improved video quality and lower latency. Optimized packet-stream mapping enables transmission of more relevant packets over more reliable streams while unequal modulation opportunistically increases the transmission rate on the stronger streams to enable low latency delivery of high priority packets. Tested on H.264-encoded video sequences, for a $4 \times 4$ MIMO system with three spatial streams, the proposed architecture achieves 8 dB power reduction for the same video quality and supports $2.4\times $ higher throughput due to unequal modulation. Furthermore, the gains are achieved at the expense of few bits of cross-layer overhead rather than a complex cross-layer design.

An effiicient full frame algorithm for object-based error concealment in 3D depth-based video

In real-time video transmission, the loss of packet results in visual quality degraded for the succeeding frames. This paper proposes an efficient full frame algorithm for depth-based 3-D videos. Each frame can be regarded as combination of objects. True motion estimation (TME) and depth map are exploited to calculate the motion vector (MV) for each object. In this paper, the object is defined as the pixels with the same MV and similar depth value. The object-based MV can extrapolate each object in reference frame to reconstruct the damage frame. In the consideration of computational complexity, in this method, only the high frequency regions need to execute TME. In this paper, we provide a new method to obtain the objects according to temporal and depth information. From the simulation results, our algorithm gives better visual quality and PSNR in most case with lower complexity.

Utility-Based Optimized Cross-Layer Scheme for Real-Time Video Transmission Over HSDPA

In this paper we first build an accurate and general transmission distortion model for H.264/AVC video streams to estimate the importance of each packet. Then, a utility-based optimized cross-layer resource allocation, MCS selection, and packet scheduling algorithm for real-time video transmission over HSDPA is studied. The utility here refers to the packet utility which is defined as a function of the packet urgency and the packet importance . Transmitting the packets with greater utility values firstly in each TTI can provide a higher level of video quality for the users. Thus, we formulate an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the aggregate packet utility over all the users under the HSDPA physical resource constraints . In order to obtain an optimal transmission strategy, a dynamic programming -based cross-layer algorithm (DPCLA) is proposed. In view of its high complexity, we further develop a greedy-based cross-layer algorithm (GCLA) to find a suboptimal solution. Simulation results show that the proposed utility-based optimized cross-layer scheme, including the proposed transmission distortion model and the algorithms of DPCLA and GCLA, can provide higher received video quality than the existing ones for video transmission over HSDPA.