Real Thing Research Articles

‘The game becomes the mediator of all your relationships’: Life Narrative and Networked Intimacy in Nina Freeman’s Cibele

Nina Freeman’s 2015 videogame Cibele recounts its creator’s experience of falling in love with a fellow player of an online game. An interactive autobiography about a young woman sharing her life online, Cibele explores the terms on which new media enable users to narrate their experiences, represent themselves and forge identities. This article locates the game in relation to recent developments in life writing and independent game design, asking what digital technologies offer autobiographers as medium and as subject matter. It also frames Cibele as an attempt to challenge two dominant discourses about online culture: offering a counterpoint to narratives stressing the dangers facing young women who seek intimacy on the internet, Cibele also questions framings of networked intimacy as a necessarily deficient substitute for “the real thing.” Its oblique approach, however, in tandem with its commitment to witnessing the ambivalences and incoherencies of digital culture, have, I argue, led to these points being missed or misinterpreted by players, reflecting a longstanding tendency to dismiss and devalue women’s life writing.

Biodegradability of Antimicrobial Edible Films and Coatings: What's the Real Thing?

Fil: Perez, Leonardo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina Santa Maria de los Buenos Aires. Facultad de Quimica e Ingenieria-Rosario; Argentina

SUN-498 Normocalcemic Tetany: Is Parathyroid Insufficiency a Real Thing?

Background: Tetany is characterized by painful flexion of wrist and ankle joints (carpopedal spasm), circumoral numbness and muscle cramps. Increased excitability of peripheral nerves causing tetany is usually due to low ionized calcium. “Normocalcemic tetany” has been reported to be a manifestation of hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia and hyperventilation syndrome. We report a case of normocalcemic tetany in a young woman with a remote history of thyroid surgery. Clinical Case: A 33 year old female with history of total thyroidectomy for a benign nodular goiter presented for evaluation of spells that started 2-3 weeks after total thyroidectomy. Described as a tingling sensation in the neck followed by diffuse muscle cramping, curling of her hands and feet. Each episode lasted 30-60 minutes, 3-4 times a day, 3-4 times a week. These episodes are aggravated by pain, extreme heat and cold, during menstruation, after sexual intercourse and stress. She had irregular contractions with false labor several times during both of her pregnancies. Photographs and videos taken by husband during spells were reviewed and findings consistent with carpopedal spasms. Prior evaluation done by multiple specialtists was negative. Labs showed corrected total calcium 8.5 (8.6-10.3 mg/dL), Ionized calcium 1.25 (1.20-1.40 mmol/L), PTH 30 (12-88 pg/mL), 24 hr urine calcium 206 (100-300 mg/24hrs), 25 hydroxy vitamin D 32.37 (30-100 ng/mL), 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D 60.4 (19.3-79.3 pg/mL), Phosphorus 3.7 (2.4-4.7 mg/dL) and Magnesium 2.2 (1.8-2.5 mg/dL). Continuous video EEG monitoring showed episodes with opisthotonic posturing, arrhythmic body shaking, hands and feet curling described as nonepileptiform activity. MRI of the whole spine was normal. She is consistently taking Ergocalciferol 50,000 units weekly, Calcium carbonate 1000 mg daily and Calcium carbonate antacid (Tums) as needed. Despite this, she continues to have 1-2 episodes a week. Physical exam showed intermittent bilateral positive Chvostek’s sign. During a recent hysterectomy, she empirically received continuous calcium infusion with maximum Calcium level documented at 9.1 mg/dL. She did not have any episodes for a week after the infusion. This has had a major impact in her life. She is not able to drive and is on disability. She has been recently started on Recombinant PTH (Nat Para) to see if this can eliminate the carpopedal spasms and improve her quality of life. Conclusion: Our patient is being treated as parathyroid insufficiency with relative hypocalcemia from prior total thyroidectomy. The presentation may be subtle with symptoms of hypocalcemia occurring only during metabolic stress, and that a normal serum PTH level in this context may be misleading.

Motif launches for meatless proteins

A new company, Motif Ingredients, wants to use fermentation to create animal proteins for foods and beverages without involving actual animals. Based on organism-design technology from Boston-based Ginkgo Bioworks, Motif is starting life with $90 million in funding from a mix of investment firms and food companies. Motif is one of a number of companies aiming to capture growing consumer demand for alternative proteins. US sales of plant-based alternatives increased 17% in the 12 months ending last August to more than $3.7 billion, according to the Good Food Institute, a trade group. Supermarkets host a proliferation of plant-based milks, egg replacements, and meat substitutes. But Motif says food makers have had to compromise on taste or nutrition. It plans to make proteins that traditionally come from animals to help food companies formulate meat alternatives that are more like the real thing. “Ingredients in plant-based milks have functionality problems—they separate. They

Fake_fashion_agency: Aesthetical making and vestimentary tactics between geniuses, creativity and Shanzhai

In order to create a forgery, one has to know and understand the object in question. Iconic stylistic details become replicated – with a view of passing, of convincing others that it is the real thing. In fashion, only through revealing a nuance of a logo, the fabric, or stitching does it become clear that a forgery is taking place. A moment of slippage is required to expose the joke of the trickster, the player and the impostor. In turn, the certain identity, the specific understanding of originality is stolen. This article will discuss a fake fashion phenomenon that clearly exhibits strategies and disguised tactics. Does faking enable people to create their own relationship to things and to others, and how this could be seen as an ability of self-empowering acting? Based on the fashion-theoretical concept of fashion-agency as a self-empowering understanding enabled through, a capture of, and an acting with fashion, case studies from the globally effective fashion system and reference to the Chinese concept of Shanzhai will set the area for further study. With reference to the seizure of fake sneakers by German customs officers, Diesel’s ‘Deisel’ pop-up store, Super Deluxe and Adidas, these recent case study examples will be cultural-critical introduced as well as an aesthetical and vestimentary practice of productive counterfeiting tactics will be considered. These first cultural-scientific explorations of the phenomenon, which marks the beginning of a research project on fake fashion, was flanked by a DIY fake workshop for children aged 8–11, which was held in May 2018 in Hamburg, Germany. Its short depiction will demonstrate how enlightened it is to engage people, especially children, with creating clothes on their own, and how stimulating the thereby raised questions can be for further research. Of course, it has always been possible to sew on three stripes on an object itself in order to imitate Adidas; but when the fake that is so good to be seemingly original is becoming increasingly ubiquitous and acceptable, it diminishes the desirability and prestige of the authentic in the global mountain village. And this could be a chance for real clothes instead of appearances of fashion.

Lovelorn Columns: A Genre Scorned

AbstractThe newspaper advice column has shaped the American imagination in unacknowledged ways. Using Nathanael West’s Miss Lonelyhearts (1933) as a lens into a wily, underestimated genre, I juxtapose West’s riff on the newspaper advice column with readings of the real thing. I review the lovelorn column’s distinctive features and situate West’s satiric novella in that context. I also examine the racial dynamics of both the novella and the genre, touching briefly on the careers of two lovelorn columnists: the well-known Dorothy Dix, who was white, and the now-obscure Princess Mysteria, who was African American. In the process, I show that literary critics have allowed the misogyny of West’s novella to define one of the most enduring of all women’s popular genres. Advice columns have been dismissed as a morally bankrupt product of consumer capitalism, but they did more than simply render irrelevant the question of genuine emotional expression. Using a complex masquerade of gender and race, columnists shifted counsel outside the bounds of interpersonal exchange, forged an anonymous, recursive imaginative field, and generated glimmers of an ethics of intimacy.

A robotic vine that can coil itself around the real thing

A robotic vine that can coil itself around the real thing

Affect and trauma in museums: an interpretive framework for understanding the real thing and its political potential

ABSTRACT This paper examines the exhibition of everyday war-related objects as ‘real things’ in museums. Specifically, it focuses on the bombed car that the artist Jeremy Deller used for his project It is What it Is: Conversations about Iraq – exhibited in various art museums in the US, then as a travelling show, and finally in the Imperial War Museum in London and Manchester. It also discusses the Alfred Rosenberg Diary, a permanent exhibit at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, which can also be seen online. The paper identifies four different, interrelated, spheres of engagement within which to examine these objects: an excessive mediation of trauma, the museum as an ideologically charged space, the visitor’s relation to the object, and the virtual online apparatus. These form a wider interpretive framework that allows us to better understand the war-related objects’ political potential to offer an embodied, transformative experience in the museum.

Maladaptive daydreaming: Is it a “real thing”?

Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is a psychological concept first introduced in 2002 by Eli Somer, a professor of clinical psychology in the School of Social Work at the University of Haifa. MD is a preoccupation and compulsive fantasy process that causes distress because it interferes with social, academic, interpersonal, or professional functioning. The experience is described as an excessive form of immersive daydreaming that produces a rewarding experience based on a created fantasy of a parallel reality, and also impairment and distress associated with persistent and continual fantasizing. In recent years, interest in MD has produced a high degree of international attention, and yet it has not been acknowledged by the medical and psychological organizations, and is often encountered with doubt or confusion by mental health practitioners.

Making and Unmaking (Im)Possible Worlds: Language Games, Naming, and Necessities in "The Real Thing"

This article reads "The Real Thing" as a text about the process of naming and the logical function of proper names. Moving from Frege's and Wittgenstein's considerations on sense and reference, the article turns to Saul Kripke's Name and Necessity in order to understand James's strategic use of the name "Monarch" in the story's signifying structure, with reference to the philosopher's theory of the possible worlds. Though foregrounding and anticipating the logical functioning of language in the processes of signification and reference, "The Real Thing" nonetheless signals the need, in order to produce knowledge, to shift from the domain of pure logic to that of epistemology.

Ich, Bild und Ding. Fichte und Kant. Zum Bildbegriff im „Grundriss des Eigentümlichen der Wissenschaftslehre“

The aim of the „Grundriss des Eigentümlichen der Wissenschaftslehre“ is to analyse the theoretical faculty. The starting point of this analysis is the proposition that the I posits itself as determinated by the Non-I. My thesis, which can be proven in Fichte´s text, is that it is the notion of the picture which serves as a point of orientation in the analysis of the cognitive faculty, as Kant calls it. The cognition of an object comes about as a dialectical relationship between the picturing i, the picture and the pictured object, which Fichte calls the real thing. I would like to investigate how much Fichte follows the Kantian analysis of the cognitive faculty on the one hand and how much he differs from it on the other hand. This investigation will take into account a question which is very important for every epistemology taking its starting point in subjectivity, namely the question of how the i can recognize that the objects of its cognition are real things and not the products of his phantasy. Fichte explicitly raises this very question. At the end of this paper, I attempt to show what kind of answer Fichte gives to this questionee.

The Summer I Was Pretty, and: Dog Days

The Summer I Was Pretty, and: Dog Days Rebecca Hazelton (bio) The Summer I Was Pretty The summer I was pretty I didn't have todo a thing. Every man had a poem in his pocketfor me. One man even said I would be the death of him.No one had ever said that about me before.The summer I was pretty the heatwas immense. The public swimming pool was a massof angry bodies. No one was happy. I flew to NYC,I flew to Chicago, everywhere the same, my bed,the sheets I couldn't bear to clean.The man who said I'd be his death didn't die.He stood outside my window and watched me.It did not feel as romantic as I thought it would.I had to remain very still and classical while writingan elegy to my small allotment of beauty—what we both knew wouldn't last. [End Page 54] Dog Days And then the chorus rises, cicadas tuning upas the sun ticks down, their tin voices chantingthe moral of the story before the storyends, how there might seem to be escape but there's only the field on the edge of a woodwhen the shadowed stag steps from the trees, there's only the two women so stunnedby his arrival that they pausefrom sex to watch him watch them with one hoof raised, considering. And if at first they feel wonder, it's fear that next slides alongside the muscled bulk of him, the antlers promising violence wrapped in ripped velvet. It doesn't last—this fever heat stillness.One woman shifts her weight and he's gone.But the sound of a god's exitremains, a ringing carried by the fine hairs in their ears. Though the women return to themselves, they can't return to each other. The rhythm is lost, the grass sharp under their knees.There's not enough light anymore to see but there's enoughto thread this moment alongside other disappointments and so history resumes, and with it the old complaints.This was a real thing [End Page 55] that happened, and thenhappened again. I want to return to when she pinned my ears with her thighs and I listened.I remember her breastwarm in my hand, how I'd felt her heartbeat leaping— it leapt for the stag. [End Page 56] Rebecca Hazelton Rebecca Hazelton is the author of Gloss, Vow, and Fair Copy. She has been published in the New Yorker, Poetry, and Best American Poetry. Copyright © 2019 Pleiades and Pleiades Press

Making our plant modelling community more than the sum of its parts: a personal perspective

The rise of mathematical modelling represents a transition in any scientific area towards quantitative and unequivocal presentation of hypotheses and theory. In Physics, phenomena are now predicted from mathematical models and computer simulations of those models well before observations are made to confirm these predictions. Indeed the largest endeavours in Physics, such as particle physics accelerators and astrophysics observational platforms, are created to test the most profound predictions of such models. Given the huge complexity of living organisms coupled with massive species and even phenotype within genotype diversity, we are far from the same level of advancement, yet need to approach it. Complexity of our systems means that many biological modelling efforts will remain, largely, based on emergent properties and phenomena. Nevertheless, complete models of the full complexity of single-celled organisms are beginning to transition to eukaryotes (Beard et al. 2012; Service 2016). Within narrow areas of gene function, we are already seeing successful projections from gene expression to prediction of growth and development of whole plants (Chew et al. 2014). Modelling provides a framework in which we can precisely organize and test our quantitative knowledge and hypotheses about how a plant process or combination of processes works and then test these against reality. As such, it provides a data-hypothesis-test-learn cycle to improve our understanding of plants and their use. Equally, the rapid growth of high-throughput ‘omics facilities is delivering ever-increasing amounts of data for which our capacity and ability to analyse and interpret lags. Mathematical models coupled with high-performance computing provide a means to deliver this needed acceleration. Simultaneously it should provide the means to predict which data is needed most, so providing feedback and focus for ‘omics approaches. This wealth of data also provides unprecedented opportunities for improving the precision of models by high-speed data to model linkage. Similarly, numerical and text mining knowledge discovery offer much to improving mathematical modelling of plant processes, with opportunities for automated improvement of representation and parameterization (Fer et al. 2018). In parallel, computer simulation of mathematical models has evolved from printouts of numbers to 3D representations of the growth and development of organs, whole plants and even communities of plants that can be indistinguishable from the real thing (Fig. 1). This facilitates identification of emergent phenomena while providing unprecedented opportunities in revolutionizing plant science education (Prusinkiewicz et al. 2007; Prusinkiewicz and Runions 2012; Runions et al. 2017).

Literature as Time’s Witness: Special Issue in Honor of Jakob Lothe. Introduction

After decades of research writing, literary critics are often moved to write not “about” literature but “the real thing” — poems, fiction, or memoirs. Jacob Lothe of Oslo University, author of four books and editor or coeditor of several collections of collaborative literary research, was moved to collect oral testimony about the Holocaust. In 2006, with Anette Storeide, he published narratives by concentration-camp survivors — Tidsvitner: Fortellinger fra Auschwitz og Sachsenhausen (Time’s Witnesses: Narratives from Auschwitz and Sachsenhausen). This book records the ordeals and survival of eight men who were victims of the Nazi concentration camps of Auschwitz and Sachsenhausen, as told by themselves. It was followed in 2013 by Lothe’s collection of narratives by ten women who survived concentration-camp incarceration, translated into English as Time’s Witnesses: Women’s Voices from the Holocaust (2017). The title of the present special issue, Literature as Time’s Witness, salutes these two books while responding to a large part of Jakob Lothe’s research interests, including his concern with the ethics of narrative. The articles collected in this issue in his honor do not advocate reading literary works as documents of historical periods but recognize the multifunctionality of literary works and discuss the relationship between the art and the attesting potentialities of fiction and poetry in addition to factographic writing.

Take Me Out to the Ballgame. Please

Take Me Out to the Ballgame. Please Chris Arvidson (bio) I was born and raised in the Detroit area. I went to college in Michigan. I am a serious lifelong Detroit Tigers fan. They are forever my #1 team. I was at the last three games of the 1984 World Series. I live, all year long, in Tiger gear. I belong to the Mayo Smith Society. But, I haven’t always lived in Michigan, so sacrifices have had to be made. When you love baseball, you make do. You find your people. You expand your interest to other teams based on your geography. You get in the car and drive. And, back in the days before MLB TV and cable television sports stations, you even tried tuning in to late night broadcasts on AM stations, hoping to pick up your team’s games. I lived in Washington, DC, when there was no baseball in the nation’s capital. But, it’s only an hour to Baltimore’s old Memorial Stadium, so I became an Orioles fan. And just over the bridge into Virginia, I could catch the Alexandria Dukes, a single-A Pittsburgh Pirates affiliate that played in a ratty field next to an elementary school, whose proximity meant no beer at the ballpark. (In steamy ninety-plus degree heat—with no beer—you know you’re sitting with hardcore baseball fans.) When I moved to Charlotte, North Carolina, in the mid-80s, I had the Class A Charlotte Orioles to enjoy. They played in an old wooden ballpark in the Dilworth neighborhood, where the sound of a car windshield getting pasted by a foul ball was a real thing, not a sound effect. We moved to Pittsburgh in the late ’90s when my husband went to work for a bank there. The recruiting had been conducted very seriously. His future colleagues learned I was a big baseball fan and waved primo Pirates tickets around as inducement. The seats were on the field, just a couple rows up from the front. I could hear everything catcher Jason Kendall said to the batters and umpires. And, I met a great baseball buddy in Pittsburgh, too. Diana was writing sports for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and I sent her a fan letter about a baseball column she’d written. We ended up fast friends and hung out at many a Pirates game at Three Rivers Stadium. Years later we edited a book together: The Love of Baseball: Essays by Lifelong Fans. [End Page 200] In the last couple of decades, I’ve followed a minor league team in the Frontier League in Traverse City, Michigan, and made a point to visit friends in Washington, DC, to catch the Nationals, now that baseball is back in that town. In April of 2019, I moved back to Charlotte, North Carolina, after more than twenty years of gallivanting around the country. I’d honed my skills as a long-distance Tiger fan, of course subscribing to MLB TV, where you can get every game you ever wanted with a few clicks of a trackpad. Just as exciting to me is the access to all the radio broadcasts. Putting a baseball game on your cell phone is surprisingly reminiscent of the old days, when baseball fans like me would tune into the game on our little transistor radios. Before my boxes were unpacked last April, I had the internet up-and-running getting ready for Opening Day. What’s more, and not by accident, I had moved into a building mere blocks from the Chicago White Sox AAA Charlotte Knights ballpark. Minor league baseball had certainly come a long way from the old single-A Charlotte O’s days. We’d driven from our home in the mountains of North Carolina the last few years to get a baseball “fix” at the new park, and it is a beauty. I can remember sitting in the stands there thinking “if only I could come here all the time I would come here all the time.” I even recall looking up at some of the apartment buildings that have a view into the diamond and checking out the...

“Suddenly, it was a real thing”: The Feminist Fight for Equal Opportunities in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 1971-1981

Following the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women in 1970, feminist activists spent the next decade fighting for gender equity in federal workplaces, including the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. They argued that equal opportunity in hiring and promotions would lead to more equitable and accurate representations of Canadian women on the air. After several encounters with these determined activists inside and outside of the Crown corporation, the CBC became an equal opportunity employer and adopted an affirmative action policy, while maintaining its own limited, corporate goals.

Précis of Imagined Causes

Précis of Imagined Causes Stefanie Rocknak (bio) By Hume's own account, his most ambitious project, the Treatise on Human Nature, was a notoriously immature undertaking, choked with immutable difficulties.1 Perhaps as a result of this immaturity, and perhaps because, as Kant suggests above, Hume is perpetually misread, his view on objects remains obscured. What are they? Are they ideas? Impressions? Mindindependent objects? All three? None of the above? To date, scholars have not provided a unified, much less exhaustive, answer to these questions. Rather, four somewhat fragmented interpretations have been circulating in the literature. We may characterize them (in partial response to Marjorie Grene)2 as follows: 1.) The phenomenonalist reading, where objects are impressions (for example, Grene, "The Objects of Hume's Treatise"; Bennett, Locke, Berkeley and Hume; Steinberg, "Hume on the Continued Existence and the Identity of Changing Things"; and Dicker, "Hume on the Intermittent Existence of the Objects of the Senses"); 2.) The intentional reading, where objects are the objects of thought (for example, Salmon, The Central Problem of Hume's Philosophy); 3.) The realist reading, where objects are mind-independent things (for example, Wilson, "Is Hume a Skeptic with Regard to the Senses?"; Flage, David Hume's Theory of Mind; Costa, "Hume and Causal Realism"; Strawson, "David Hume: Objects and Power"; Wright, "Hume's Causal Realism: Recovering a Traditional Interpretation"; 4) The imagined, but non-causal reading, where objects, to varying degrees (depending on the scholar at hand) are imagined, but are not imagined as causes (for instance, Price, Hume's Theory of the External World; Kemp Smith, The Philosophy of David Hume; Wilbanks, Hume's Theory of Imagination; and Waxman, Hume's Theory of Consciousness). This book presents a new interpretation of Humean objects, where I focus on just Book 1 of the Treatise. In the course of doing so, I show that although in places, Hume surely does suggest that objects are impressions, or are intentional, or are imagined but are not imagined as [End Page 47] causes, these intermittent uses of the word "object" do not reflect Hume's more comprehensive position. Nor does Hume think that objects are mind independent things; he is not a realist. Rather, throughout Book 1 of the Treatise, Hume struggled with two positions on the nature of objects. On the one hand, Hume believed that despite what we, in our common, that is, "vulgar" state of mind, or alternatively, in our more sophisticated "philosophical" state of mind, think that objects are, what we actually and always do, is imagine that objects are the causes of our various and interrupted perceptions. Objects are nothing more than complex, imagined ideas, as such, they are perceptions. Moreover, objects are necessarily imagined (as causes) because they constitute certain conditions of possibility for experience, making them functions of what we may refer to as a "transcendental" faculty of the imagination: "we always imagine that there is some cause that separates or unites [objects]" (T 1.3.2.2; SBN 74; emphasis added). In this very general respect, Hume anticipates the Kantian transcendental turn. But Hume also seemed to think that we only imagine causes (although unwittingly) when we reach a certain "philosophical" level of thought. Thus, when we imagine a cause of a set of interrupted and varying perceptions—where we believe that this cause is a real mind-independent thing—we are "philosophers," as they are described at the end of 1.4.2 ("Of skepticism with regard to the senses"). However, such philosophers are not aware that they are imagining causes. Instead, they mistakenly think that they are using reason to conclude that objects are real, mind-independent things. As a result, on this second reading, imagining causes is a natural, although unacknowledged, culmination of human thought, as opposed to being something that all of us, always—although unknowingly—do. The tension between these two positions on objects manifests itself in Hume's much discussed account of personal identity, presented in 1.4.6 of the Treatise. In fact, Hume openly acknowledges this tension in the Appendix to the Treatise. Here, he suggests that the philosophical account of perfect identity is mistaken, while his account of...

The Cake Walk Photo Girl and Other Footnotes in African American Musical Theatre

On 22 August 1897, theAmerican Woman's Home Journalpublished seven photographs of “The Cake Walk as It Is Done by Genuine Negroes” in which “Williams and Walker Show How the Real Thing Is Done before the Journal Camera.” In this series, the African American stars Bert Williams, George Walker, Belle Davis, and Stella Wiley perform their popular cake walk act with situational humor in medias res before an unknown photographer in a nondescript space. Among the seven selected poses, one intriguing photograph in the lower right-hand corner depicts the encircled dancers gazing down upon an empty space in the center. The subject of their gaze becomes apparent when comparing the magazine images with the seven “Post Cards” Franz Huld published as part of his “Cake Walk/Negro Dance” series around 1901. Although the performers’ poses are the same, the postcard includes extra space between Wiley and Walker to feature a young girl of mixed racial heritage bending forward while hiking the back of her dress with her smiling face proudly held high (Fig. 1). If standing upright, she appears to be less than four feet tall and perhaps five to nine years of age. Given the obscure date and location of her photo shoot, her birth year could range anywhere from the mid-1880s to the early 1890s. Like Thomas F. DeFrantz, an African American dance theorist who gazes upon two 1920s photographs of other dancing girls, my gaze leads me to wonder about her identity, how she met and socialized with these four dancers, and whether she pursued a theatrical career.

AN ANALYSIS OF AUTHENTIC MATERIAL USED IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT SD PURI ASAH DASAR AVESIENA GREEN SCHOOL MALANG

Authentic material is a material which is used by the purpose to imitate the real-world situations. In addition, the use of authentic material is expected to bring the learners into direct contact with a reality so the students will interest during the learning process. However, the objectives of the research were to investigate kinds of authentic material, to explore the implementation of authentic material, to find out the problem faced by the Englishteacher in using the authentic material of SD PuriAsah Dasar Avesiena Green School Malang. Descriptive qualitative research design was used in this study. The techniques in collecting the data were observation and unstructured interview while field notes and interview guide were used as the instruments. The subject of this research was an English teacher of SD PuriAsah Dasar Avesiena Green School Malang. The result of the research showed that there were forty-eight authentic materials were used in five times observations. The researcher classified those varieties of authentic materials into three kinds of authentic materials: by those forty-eight authentic materials, only one referred to Authentic Visual Material, two referred to Authentic Printed Material, and the rest forty-five referred to Realia which meant it was the most favorable Authentic Material used by the English teacher. In using the authentic material, the teacher usually conducted an outdoor class activity to find out the real object related to the topic. By seeing and holding the real thing, it made the students interested and experienced the real situation. In this case, the problem faced by the teacher was in finding the authentic material which adjusted the students’ grade and topic.

AN ANALYSIS OF AUTHENTIC MATERIAL USED IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT SD PURI ASAH DASAR AVESIENA GREEN SCHOOL MALANG

Authentic material is a material which is used by the purpose to imitate the real-world situations. In addition, the use of authentic material is expected to bring the learners into direct contact with a reality so the students will interest during the learning process. However, the objectives of the research were to investigate kinds of authentic material, to explore the implementation of authentic material, to find out the problem faced by the Englishteacher in using the authentic material of SD PuriAsah Dasar Avesiena Green School Malang. Descriptive qualitative research design was used in this study. The techniques in collecting the data were observation and unstructured interview while field notes and interview guide were used as the instruments. The subject of this research was an English teacher of SD PuriAsah Dasar Avesiena Green School Malang. The result of the research showed that there were forty-eight authentic materials were used in five times observations. The researcher classified those varieties of authentic materials into three kinds of authentic materials: by those forty-eight authentic materials, only one referred to Authentic Visual Material, two referred to Authentic Printed Material, and the rest forty-five referred to Realia which meant it was the most favorable Authentic Material used by the English teacher. In using the authentic material, the teacher usually conducted an outdoor class activity to find out the real object related to the topic. By seeing and holding the real thing, it made the students interested and experienced the real situation. In this case, the problem faced by the teacher was in finding the authentic material which adjusted the students’ grade and topic.