Real State Research Articles

PECULIARITIES OF IMPLEMENTING A RISK-BASED APPROACH IN THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN UKRAINE

Abstract. The paper examines the peculiarities of implementing a risk-oriented approach to the occupational health and safety management system at Ukrainian enterprises.
 The purpose of the conducted research is to determine approaches to the creation of an occupational health and safety management system based on the results of scientific research in the field of industrial (professional) risks in occupational health and safety. Methodology. The research used a comprehensive approach, including the analysis of research on the problem under study and data processing.
 Conclusions. The use of risk assessment in the creation of an enterprise labor protection management system is an urgent task for study and requires the application of relevant scientific achievements in order to reduce the level of injuries at the enterprise. For this, it is necessary to adapt the legislation in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On the Nationwide Program for the Adaptation of the Legislation of Ukraine to the Legislation of the European Union". An integral part of this Program is the list of acts of Ukrainian legislation and acts of the European Union in priority areas.
 Consequences of research. To create safe working conditions at Ukrainian enterprises, it is recommended to implement a risk-oriented approach and apply the developed measures, in accordance with the hierarchy.Practical value and consequences. The application of a risk-oriented approach at Ukrainian enterprises will have positive results for achieving an acceptable level of risk, which will lead to the minimization of threats to the life and health of workers. The results of the conducted research can be used to analyze the real state of implementation of the risk-oriented approach in UkraineOriginality and significance of the obtained results. The results of the research will allow to improve the methods of analysis and identification of the most effective methods developed by scientists and the adaptation of relevant developments in Ukraine, which will give an opportunity to choose the best practices.

장애인의 차별경험이 사회참여에 미치는 영향

This study reviews the effects of the discrimination experiences of the adults with disability on their social participation. Through its route, it verifies the mediation effects of the daily living ability. For this review, this study used data on the real state of the adults with disability collected in 2020 by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Data samples were made by the stratified cluster sampling method. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, the daily living ability and social participation of the adults with disability show a statistically significant difference by gender, age, education, registered disability type, and marriage. Females show higher the daily living ability and social participation than males. On the other hand, discrimination experiences do not show a significant gender difference. Second, discrimination experiences affect social participation. With a higher degree of discrimination, they show lower social participation. Also, with a higher the daily living ability, they do more social participation. Third, discrimination experiences of the adults with disability directly affect their social participation. The daily living ability as a mediation role indirectly affects the adults with disability trial of social participation.

Research on the Safety Assessment of Corbel Beams of Reservoir Radial Gates Based on Real States

The radial gate corbel beam is a kind of gate support structure more often used in large and medium-sized reservoirs, but the current corresponding structural design code does not give a review calculation method for it. Because there are obvious differences between a corbel and a corbel beam in structural form and force, if the corbel beam is just simplified in the calculation as a corbel structure, it can easily lead to misjudgment of insufficient bearing capacity. This misjudgment has a significant impact on later safety assessment, danger removal, and reinforcement. Currently, there are limited studies available on the internal stress distribution of the corbel beam. In this study, taking the danger removal and reinforcement of the radial gate beam of a medium reservoir in Beijing as an example, the concrete quality of the dam was tested by the core drilling method, and two safety review methods of the corbel beam for different types of reservoirs were proposed in combination with the Code for Design of Hydraulic Concrete Structures (SL191-2008). Then, three different types of calculation model were established by the method of theoretical mechanics calculation and finite element simulation. Combined with the safety test data, the stress state of the combined stress structure of the corbel beam and gate pier under the real state was analyzed and the safety evaluation was carried out. The calculation results of these two corbel beam safety review methods were respectively reduced by 32% and 47% compared with the current calculation method. Engineering practice has proved the rationality of the two safety evaluation methods proposed in this paper, which can provide a certain reference for similar engineering reinforcement.

EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD AND ENVIRONMENTAL PH ON THE ADSORPTION EFFICIENCY OF CELLS OF THE GENUS LACTOBACILLUS

Subject. Adsorption of probiotic cultures Lactobacillus acidophilus, namely strains 27 and Narine, and Lactobacillus plantarum, on high-dispersed silica. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a magnetic field with intensities of 0.03 and 0.09 T and the pH of the medium on the efficiency of cell adsorption of Lactobacillus probiotic strains. Method. Microbiological and biotechnological methods were applied in this research. Hydrogels based on high-dispersed silica "Enterosgel" and "Toxin.NET" were used as adsorbents. Neodymium magnets with intensities of 0.03 T and 0.09 T were employed to create the magnetic field. The efficiency of adsorption was evaluated by the cell survival of probiotic cultures after adsorption on hydrogel preparations under the influence of the magnetic field and in the case of pH adjustment by adding acid or alkali. The functional properties of the obtained composite preparations were assessed by the time of clot formation after milk fermentation and its acidity. Results. The research results demonstrated that immobilized cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the hydrogel of methylsilicic acid had enhanced protection not only against harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (low pH and bile influence) but also against magnetic fields with intensities of 0.03 T and 0.09 T, which had an overall negative impact on native (non-immobilized) cells. The functional activity of cells immobilized in this way on the hydrogel based on high-dispersed silica "Enterosgel," evaluated by acidity and clot formation time, was only slightly reduced: up to 4,3-11,3%. This confirms the assumption that the assessment of cell survival by the Koch's cup method does not fully correspond to the real state of the cells. It was also determined that conducting adsorption in the pH range below 4 is impractical, and the optimal conditions for L. plantarum adsorption were in the pH range of 6 to 7. Scope of results. The research findings can be utilized for the development of complex probiotic preparations based on high-dispersed silica, which may be appropriate for preserving the functionality of probiotic cells used for starter cultures or in the production of dietary supplements containing beneficial microorganisms.

Natural and historical aspects of the environmental monitoring in the city of Lviv

Purpose. To study the natural-historical aspects of the organization of monitoring the components of the natural environment in the territory of the city of Lviv, to identify the peculiarities of its organiza-tion at different historical stages of the functioning of the urban system, to highlight the specifics of the organization of environmental monitoring in modern conditions. Results Regular meteorological observations with the help of instruments began in Lviv in 1811, and observations and descriptions of the city's vegetation were carried out in the 1950s. Ya. Lagner. In 1944, the Department of Hydrometeorological Service of the Carpathian Military District was organized in Lviv. It included: weather bureau, group of hydrological forecasts, group of restoration of the network of stations. At the beginning of 1946, on the basis of this department, a hydrometeorological office was creat-ed, which since 1959 functioned as a hydrometeorological observatory (HMO) with groups: meteorologi-cal, hydrological forecasts and agrometeorological. In 1964, the Lviv Aerological Station became part of the GMO under the authority of the Aerology Department. Old, historical Lviv was located in the middle of large forests, had many streams, brooks, as well as rich flora. Such diversity is determined by the geo-graphical location, the history of the formation of the relief and climatic conditions in previous geological periods. The study of the landscape-natural primary basis in comparison with the built-up areas leads to the demarcation of the urban environment based on belonging to a certain type of natural landscape and thereby determines different approaches to its transformation. Background observation points located at nature conservation facilities provide information about the state and changes in the natural environment that occur outside of human activity. A comparative analysis of similar indicators obtained in areas with different degrees of urban influence will make it possible to reveal the real state of anthropogenic changes, identify their causes, predict the further consequences of urbanization, as well as build models of such social and production systems that would be the least harmful to the environment. Conclusions. Environmental monitoring in the territory of the city of Lviv has a long history. Moni-toring the state of the atmospheric air, water environment, biodiversity was and remains an important component in the issue of the quality of the urban environment and does not lose its importance. Environ-mental monitoring must be considered as an integral part of the regional management system of nature management, which must perform the target functions of continuous observation and forecasting of the main socio-ecological processes for the purpose of their analysis, identification and identification of the main factors for the preparation and adoption of management decisions.

Gene regulatory network inference based on a nonhomogeneous dynamic Bayesian network model with an improved Markov Monte Carlo sampling

A nonhomogeneous dynamic Bayesian network model, which combines the dynamic Bayesian network and the multi-change point process, solves the limitations of the dynamic Bayesian network in modeling non-stationary gene expression data to a certain extent. However, certain problems persist, such as the low network reconstruction accuracy and poor model convergence. Therefore, we propose an MD-birth move based on the Manhattan distance of the data points to increase the rationality of the multi-change point process. The underlying concept of the MD-birth move is that the direction of movement of the change point is assumed to have a larger Manhattan distance between the variance and the mean of its left and right data points. Considering the data instability characteristics, we propose a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling method based on node-dependent particle filtering in addition to the multi-change point process. The candidate parent nodes to be sampled, which are close to the real state, are pushed to the high probability area through the particle filter, and the candidate parent node set to be sampled that is far from the real state is pushed to the low probability area and then sampled. In terms of reconstructing the gene regulatory network, the model proposed in this paper (FC-DBN) has better network reconstruction accuracy and model convergence speed than other corresponding models on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae data and RAF data.

GEOMATIC TECHNOLOGIES TO VALORIZE HISTORICAL WATERMILLS

Abstract. The watermills, due to their technological innovation, represent a clear example of historical industrial heritage. A census campaign of water-powered grain mills was conducted in the Marche region (Italy). Almost 1,000 of them were counted, distributed throughout the regional territory in several water catchment areas. After a long multidisciplinary activity conducted among the Universities of Marche region, a geodatabase was implemented by GIS to map and register the historical watermills. The geodatabase is used to compose and manage an overall, uniform, homogeneous and expeditious cataloguing of the historical watermills distributed throughout the Marche region. In the second step, to get precise geospatial information, to obtain dimensional data, achieving metric and georeferenced 3D models, and to verify the real condition and state of preservation of them, 3D survey campaigns were conducted. In this phase, for some selected watermills the survey was carried out using geomatic sensors, such as photogrammetry and 3D LiDAR scanner. The final step of this research was to connect the 3D digital models from geomatics surveys in the GIS geodatabase, to enrich the collected historical documentation of the watermills, to improve their knowledge and valorization.

Simulating the dusty gas flow model via NHRS scheme

We introduce some vital solutions for the dusty gas flow. Specifically, we implement the nonhomogeneous Riemann solver (NHRS) scheme in order to investigate the unsteady planar flow of an isentropic, inviscid compressible fluid in the presence of dust particles. The principle of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy governs the dynamical behavior of a fluid. The Rusanov scheme is also implemented to examine the dusty gas flow model for comparison and validation. One of the important characteristics of the NHRS technique is its capability to compute the numerical flux corresponding to the real states of solution in the absence of a Riemann solution. The numerical results exhibit that the NHRS system outperforms the Rusanov scheme and validates the ability to simulate the dusty gas flow model with strong shocks and rarefaction waves accurately. Finally, more sophisticated models in applied science can be solved using the NHRS scheme.

What Los Angeles tells us about Dracula Urbanism

ABSTRACT In their piece “Toward a Dracula Urbanism: Smart City Building in Flint and Jakarta,” Wilson and Wyly (2022) inaugurate Dracula urbanism as an explanatory framework for identifying previously unnoticed dynamics in advanced capitalist cities, particularly those engaging in smart city initiatives. From the perspective of LA, a radically different context from Wilson and Wyly’s (2022) choices of Flint and Jakarta, I argue that the logic of Dracula urbanism can be extended beyond the imbrication of real estate states and smart cities to shed new light on other forms of urban redevelopment and their consequences such as gentrification and urban exclusion more broadly. Additionally, I emphasize the importance of the local in the multi-scalar Dracula urbanist imagination, and make an argument against the so-called centerless and unbounded character of smart cities, which I show are mired in forms of inter-urban competition and discourses shaped by ever-present, politico-legally defined borders.

Consequences of Submitting False Reports by Military Leaders and the Legal Qualification of such Acts

The paper explains the relationship between unreliable data presented by military leaders on command in accounting documents and organizational harm in the field of military administration. Without reliable, truthful information about the state of affairs in a subordinate organization, it is impossible to make an effective administrative decision or adjust control to the real state of affairs. The author analyses the criminal law structure of such acts as submitting false reports to higher-level managers, explains their relationship with causing harm to the state and military administration. The author differentiates the responsibility of the drafter of the document containing false information and its signatory. The author concludes that it is impossible to qualify such actions under Article 292 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (forgery in office) due to the non-attribution of accounting documents to the subject of this crime. Based on the identified reasons and conditions that contribute to the concealment of truthful information in the reports, proposals are made to improve legislation.

STRATEGIC COMPETENCE AS A GUARANTEE OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF A MODERN IT SPECIALIST

The article examines the current problem of professional training of future IT specialists in the context of forming their strategic competence because it is critical for university graduates in the field of IT to be able to strategically plan actions in different ways for effective implementation in their professional activities. Therefore, the strategy of professional activity is carried out by means of separate tactical actions, which collectively make up strategic activity. Thus, s IT specialists’ shaping strategic competence allows understanding of which actions are the most important for the realization of the goal and the achievement of professional tasks. It has been established that strategic competence of an IT specialist is a personal integrative creation. This represents the unity of professionally significant qualities, knowledge and skills, with the help of which specialists formulate the strategic goal of work, show a value-motivational attitude to strategic changes and flexibility in behaviour depending on the factors of the external environment, make a reasonable choice and implement strategies depending on the situation, while achieving the effectiveness of the professional activity. The importance of shaping strategic competence in three main sections is substantiated including: elemental (a set of components, the interaction between which ensures the implementation of the relevant activity); functional (methodology for adopting strategies); and procedural (technology for developing and implementing a strategy in the existing environment). It has been proved that a high level of IT specialists’ strategic competence ensures the following: determination of the leading goal of professional activity, choosing an effective model of professional behaviour following existing conditions, planning and development of measures for adaptation to conditions of professional activity, implementation of planned professional actions and operations (strategies), etc. The article also presents the main aspects of professional training of future IT specialists. The experience of organizing and implementing university training for future IT specialists shows that a high level of strategic competence makes it possible to choose and prepare the right hardware and software, rational methods for solving professional tasks, allows for the modernization of IT infrastructure, optimization of IT efficiency for innovation. This makes it possible to manage the IT sector, in particular, in the context of IT infrastructure management, IT projects, IT costs, to increase the security and stability of the industry. It is important to define long-term goals, taking into account the phased process of optimizing existing IT systems. A strong emphasis is also placed on the following blocks of scientific knowledge: the use of technologies and algorithms of computational intelligence and intelligent data analysis in the tasks of forecasting, analytics, cluster analysis using software tools to support multidimensional data analysis based on DataMining, TextMining, WebMining technologies, mastering system programming languages and methods of developing online programs, performing parallel and distributed calculations, applying numerical methods and algorithms, etc. The article also provides promising directions for research as a study of the real state of shaping strategic competence of future bachelors in the IT field.

ANALYSIS OF THE LARGEST BANK OF KAZAKHSTAN – JSC «HALYK BANK OF KAZAKHSTAN»

Banks are an integral part of the modern monetary economy, their activities are related to the needs of reproduction. Banks form the basis of the market mechanism by which the country's economy operates. Commercial banks are designed to regulate the flow of all cash flows, primarily credit, to help ensure the most rational use of society's financial resources and the flow of capital to those sectors of the country's economy where the return on investment will be maximum. Determining the real state of the Bank is of great importance not only for the Bank itself, but also for numerous shareholders and depositors. They should be confident in the financial well-being of a particular Bank, the development of which brings them real benefits.Modern economic analysis is the basis for an objective assessment of the Bank's performance and management decision - making. In this regard, there is a need for in-depth research in the field of banking, as well as understanding of domestic and foreign experience.This article provides an analysis of the financial condition of Halyk Bank of Kazakhstan JSC: an assessment of the main financial indicators of the Bank, an analysis and assessment of changes in the capital of Halyk Bank of Kazakhstan JSC. In addition, the analysis of changes in customer funds and the analysis of changes in the Bank's obligations was carried out. The article also considers the analysis of the Bank's loan portfolio and its share in the total loan portfolio of STB, considers and pranalizes the income and expenses of Halyk Bank of Kazakhstan JSC.

Cathode Evolution Track for Evaluating Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Attenuation through Ar Ion Beam Cutting

The cathode is crucial for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, and its corresponding investigation is also a hot issue in the scientific research and engineering field. The textile of the active particles and interface of the cathode components determine the rate capability and lifetime of the Li-ion batteries. To study the interface, it is vital and necessary to obtain and track the real cross section of the cathode, which can reflect the real state of each part of the cathode and the combination between them. In this work, an optimized Ar ion beam cutting has been employed to prepare both contamination-free and stress-free cross sections of the commercial Li-ion battery cathode for the first time. As seen from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the as-prepared cross section of the above cathode is flat with full exposure of the inner textile of cathode active particles. It can be inferred that there exists a Co element accumulation region in the original Li-ion battery cathode in the form of LiCoO2 (rhombohedral) according to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. Moreover, along with Li-ion battery aging, it can be found that cathode expansion and disappearance of the Co element accumulation region occur, indicating that the collapse of the LiCoO2 (rhombohedral) structure reduces the sites of Li-ion storage and destroys the conductive network of the electrodes, thus resulting in the decrease of the voltage plateau and capacity attenuation of the Li-ion batteries. The present work could provide a good avenue by tracking the cathode evolution to evaluate the Li-ion battery attenuation during cycling performance.

Tunable nonlinear absorption and optical limiting behavior of NaBi(MoxW1−xO4)2 single crystals with ratio of Molybdenum/Tungsten

The compositional effect of Mo/W ratio on linear, nonlinear absorption and optical limiting behavior of the NaBi(MoxW1−xO4)2 single crystals grown by Czochralski technique was investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns of the studied crystals presented well-defined peaks associated with the tetragonal crystalline structure. The nonlinear absorption performance and optical limiting threshold were determined using an open-aperture Z-scan technique. A theoretical model including one photon absorption (OPA), two photon absorption (TPA) and free carrier absorption was used to determine the nonlinear absorption parameters. All of the results showed that defect states, which strongly affect nonlinear absorption (NA) and optical limiting behaviors, can be tuned with the Mo/W ratio, enabling NaBi(MoxW1−xO4)2 single crystals to be used in desired optoelectronic applications. Linear optical absorption analysis revealed that bandgap energy and defect states can be tuned by changing the Mo/W ratio in the crystal structure. The obtained results showed that all the studied crystals had NA behavior and the nonlinear absorption coefficient decreased with increasing Mo/W ratio. Sequential TPA is the main NA mechanism for these crystals due to the fact that the incident light energy is lower than the bandgap energies and the existence of the real intermediate state around 2.32 eV.

Modeling of the structural, optoelectronic, thermodynamic, dynamical stability, and the hydrogen storage density of CsSnX3 (X ​= ​O, S, Se and Te) perovskites

Based on density functional theory (DFT) approach, investigations on the structural, thermodynamic, electronic, optoelectronic, phonon, mechanical, and the hydrogen gravimetric storage density of CsSnX3 (X ​= ​O, S, Se and Te) perovskite systems is presented herein. While results of the computed lattice constant values for the investigated perovskite systems increased with an increase in the size of the anion X (X ​= ​O, S, Se, Te), the electronic bandgap values of 1.42, 1.02, 0.64, and 0.40 ​eV is obtained for CsSnO3, CsSnS3, CsSnSe3, and CsSnTe3 respectively. Among the studied systems, CsSnO3 and CsSnS3 are found to be dynamically stable, with CsSnO3 material being the most stable among the studied compounds owing to its frequencies in the real state of the phonon dispersion curve. To study the hydrogen storage properties of the materials in this present study: CsSnO3, CsSnS3, CsSnSe3, and CsSnTe3 the crystal structures have been modified by replacing the heteroatoms (O, S, Se, and Te) with hydrogens which is given as: CsSnO_H4, CsSnS_H4, CsSnSe_H4 and CsSnTe_H4. The gravimetric density (GD) suggests a strong agreement with the calculated band structure and decreases as the amount of band gap becomes enormous, where the CsSnO reveals a highest capacity of 0.74 which decrease as we go from O–Te for two atomic hydrogens. The CsSnTe shows the lowest gravimetric density of 0.526. Also, the formation energies obtained for CsSnO3_H4 estimated to be −31.599 ​kJ ​mol−1 ​has the highest energy however, these was observed to decrease as we go from oxygen to S ​> ​Se ​> ​Te. Moreover, the desorption temperature which is necessary for physical application reveals that the investigated materials are in line with the required range of desorption temperature for practical applications 289 ​K ​°K proposed by US-DOE, which implies that there are no barriers for hydrogen desorption from CsSnX3_H4 compounds. Therefore, it can be deduced that CsSnX3_H4 is a reversible hydrogen storage material. However, CsSnO3_H4 the best desorption temperature, this means that the presence of O atom in the perovskite improves the adsorption energy of interaction between the crystal lattice and the hydrogen molecules and decrease in the order of S ​> ​Se ​> ​Te respectively.

Construction of the Global Reference Atmospheric Profile Database

Atmospheric profiles are important input parameters for atmospheric radiative transfer models and atmospheric parameter inversions. The construction of regionally representative reference atmospheric profiles can provide basic data for global atmospheric and environmental research. Most reference atmospheric profile databases commonly used lag behind in updating frequency. These databases usually have limited spatial and temporal resolution and differ greatly from the real atmospheric state. To present the real atmospheric state, this article constructs the Global Reference Atmospheric Profile Database (GRAP) based on ACE-FTS satellite products of 2021 and 2022, AIRS satellite products and ERA5 reanalysis data of 2022 u6sing a random forest regression model and a hierarchical mean algorithm. The radiance spectrum of FY-3E HIRAS-II using different profile databases was simulated and compared with the measured spectrum. The results show that GRAP spectral simulations fit better with the measured HIRAS-II spectrum. Comparing the CO2, CH4, O3 and N2O profiles of GRAP, AFGL, MIPAS, RTTOV and NDACC ground station profiles in equatorial, mid-latitude summer and polar winter, the results show that GRAP has high spatial and temporal resolution and better fits the current real atmospheric state. Comparing the temperature profiles of eight regions in China, the results illustrate that GRAP is a better representation of the state of the atmosphere in the Chinese region. GRAP can provide fundamental atmospheric data for radiative transfer studies and atmospheric parameter inversions.

Reconsidering the real estate state

In response to Wilson and Wyly's paper, I argue that urban planners, policymakers, and theorists need an alternative understanding of “the real estate state.” This approach involves recovering the productive capabilities of publicly owned property. Starting with the fact that governments often are the largest property owners in a city, I argue that urban planning has shied away from its mandate to manage real estate for the public's benefit. Urban theory, education, and practice that shun real estate finance furthers inequality. To combat this, scholars and practitioners need to place the state and its vast real estate portfolio at the center of critical analysis and bold civic policies.

Commentary on “Toward a Dracula Urbanism”

The “Dracula urbanism” conception seeks to identify destructive transformation underway in cities under the guise of the “smart city” movement. According to the Wilson and Wyly assessment of trends in Flint, Michigan and Jakarta, Indonesia (but by implication occurring on a global scale), an exploitative “real estate state” is systematically rooting out all traces of decay (and by implication the poor) not only to purify the environment but also to reap enormous profits. The two cases assessed show, at different urban scales, that large scale developments are underway in concert with key political leaders. At the same, however, there are public plans and community advocacy groups representing alternative visions with the smart city movement, ensuring that parasitic practices do not go unchallenged. The Dracula urbanism metaphor fails to capture this side. Smart city governance in Jakarta (and other Indonesian cities) actually engenders greater governmental capacity to address general citizen needs. In Flint, some new development addresses previously unmet community needs. While useful to underscore the transformative role of real estate developers in shaping a new brand of urbanism, the Dracula urbanism model fails to capture the complexities of the modern city's response to the enduring challenges of serving all its citizens.

Analysis of a State Degradation Model and Preventive Maintenance Strategies for Wind Turbine Generators Based on Stochastic Differential Equations

Preventive maintenance is widely used in wind turbine equipment to ensure their safe and reliable operation, and this mainly includes time-based maintenance (TBM) and condition-based maintenance (CBM). Most wind farms only use TBM as the main maintenance strategy in engineering practice. Although this can meet certain reliability requirements, it cannot fully utilize the characteristics of TBM and CBM. For this, a state model based on the stochastic differential equation (SDE) is established in this paper to describe the spatio-temporal evolution process of the degradation behavior of wind turbine generators, in which the components’ failure is represented by a proportional hazards model, the random fluctuation of the state is simulated by the Brownian motion, and the SDE model is solved by a function transformation method. Based on the model, the characteristics of TBM and CBM, and the asymptotic relationship between them, are discussed and analyzed, the necessity and feasibility of their combination are expounded, and a joint maintenance strategy is proposed and analyzed. The results show that the stochastic model can better reflect the real deterioration state of the generator. Moreover, TBM has a fixed maintenance interval, depending on global sample tracks and, only depending on the local sample track, CBM can follow the component state. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model and results are verified by a practical example.

Change of functional state in cardiological patients before and after coronoviral infection

Goal — was to assess the quality of life and the functional state of the cardiovascular system of patients who have had COVID-19, to outline the further tactics of recovery of the cardiovascular system. Materials and methods. The study included 131 patients, men (n = 84) and women (n = 47), aged 41–76 years, with the presence of cardiovascular disease. Patients for a long time 4.4 ± 1.3 years, are under outpatient supervision in polyclinic No. 3, Makhachkala. Of the 131 patients included in the study: ischemic heart disease: angina pectoris I-II functional class was in n = 59 (45.0 %), arterial hypertension in n = 72 (55.0 %). All patients filled out the World Health Organization’s quality of life questionnaire, daily monitoring of electrocardiography, blood pressure, echocardiography and other types of examination was performed. The research was carried out in accordance with the norms and principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results. After 2 months. after the COVID-19 illness, the survey showed that 62 patients (47.3 %) (p = 0.0026) were dissatisfied with the quality of life, before the illness, this figure was (28.3 %). Another 69 patients (52.7 %) are not satisfied with their state of health (p = 0.0048), against (30.4 %) — before coronavirus disease. Physical pain interferes with life — 48 patients (36.6 %) (p = 0.0019), before illness, only (24.5 %), and so on. Thus, the change in the status of quality of life “before and after” was statistically significant, p < 0.05. After 2 months. after coronavirus disease and discharge from the hospital, the daily monitoring of electrocardiography showed that in patients with exertional angina pectoris I-II functional class, ischemic and arrhythmic indicators were significant compared with the primary data p < 0.05. At the same time, the data of daily monitoring of electrocardiography in patients with arterial hypertension reached the indicators of patients with angina pectoris I-II functional class. The results of 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure before and after coronavirus disease showed that patients with increased numbers of systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased, with grade II arterial hypertension by n = 7, and with grade III. by n = 6. Hypertensive crisis began to be noted, almost every third patient had 16 (22.2 %), only 2 (2.8 %) patients were hospitalized with a stroke. Initial and after COVID-19, echocardiographic parameters were as follows, a significant decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic volume from 133.2 ± 4.2 to 127.0 ± 3.4, end-systolic volume from 77.3 ± 2.6 to 72.4 ± 7.01. The total ejection fraction significantly decreased in comparison with the initial data: from 49.6 ± 4.2 to 41.9 ± 7.3. There was a significant decrease in stroke volume from 61.7 ± 4.1 to 54.0 ± 5.8. Conclusion. After analyzing the laboratory and instrumental data of the patients’ examination, we noticed that the real functional state decreased by a quarter in comparison with the initial indicators. But the survey of the quality of life showed that patients tend to overestimate the problems of their functional state by up to 30–40 %. At the same time, almost one third of our patients have developed post-ovarian syndrome, most of them developed depression, anxiety and fear for their health.