Real State Research Articles

Dual‐mode event‐triggered predictive control for nonlinear systems with bounded disturbances

AbstractIn this article, we propose a dual‐mode event‐triggered predictive control method for nonlinear systems with bounded disturbances. The proposed method contains two triggering mechanisms, namely, the hybrid threshold‐based event‐triggered model predictive control (HETMPC) mechanism and the event‐triggered linear quadratic regulator mechanism. The former triggering mechanism is designed based on the error between the real state and the optimal state and also the disturbance information acted on the investigated system. Compared with the traditional fixed triggering threshold, the designed HETMPC has a fewer triggering numbers and reduces the computational burden of online real‐time optimization. This event‐triggered mechanism will be adopted before the states go into the terminal invariant set. The latter event‐triggered mechanism is designed based on the derivation of the system state and it will be adopted after the states enter the terminal invariant set. The feasibility and the input‐to‐state practical stability analysis of the designed strategy is presented. Some simulations, including the application to a mass‐spring‐damper system, are provided to show the correctness and feasibility of the designed algorithms.

Remote state estimator design under the round‐Robin protocol

SummaryThis paper focuses on the remote estimation problem for cyber‐physical systems under the round‐Robin protocol. A round‐Robin protocol‐based Kalman filter is deployed to estimate the real system states on the remote side. When sensor measurements are transmitted by communication networks, the round‐Robin protocol with the zero‐input‐holder strategy is adopted to determine which sensor measurements are transmitted, reducing the communication burden and risk of being attacked. Both the protocol‐based open‐loop and closed‐loop estimation scenarios are considered. The delay resulting from adopting the protocol with the zero‐input‐holder strategy is handled effectively. Corresponding filtering algorithms are proposed, and the estimation error covariance is proved to be converged. Finally, in addition to the effectiveness of the proposed round‐Robin protocol‐based filtering algorithms, simulation results are given to demonstrate that the performance of the proposed filtering algorithms can match that of the classical Kalman filter.

Сравнительный анализ методов оценки уровня полового созревания в спортивной практике

Puberty is an inevitable stage of child-athlete development, this process is accompanied by morphological, physiological and psychological changes in the body of children. The article presents the research discourse of domestic and foreign research sources on the ways of determining biological age based on the dynamic pro-cesses of puberty. Scientists confirm the necessity of taking this factor into account in planning and adjusting the training process, but in practice it almost does not happen due to the lack of simple and accessible ways to assess the level of biological maturation of young athletes, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of multi-year training process. The principles of the organization of the latter are still focused on the actual age of athletes. Relevant information on methodological approaches to determining the real physical state of the child's organism will allow coaches to more adequately influence the adaptation of the athlete's body to training loads.

Amino-doping regulates the surface of nickel-based catalysts to promote the formation of the real active states

The generation of the real active states (NiOOH) on the nickel-based catalysts’ surface is a crucial step for anodic oxidation reactions. However, achieving a sufficient number of active states on nickel-based electrocatalysts surface remains a significant challenge. In this study, we propose an effective surface modification strategy using N-contained species to regulate the surface of nickel-based catalysts, and successfully construct a stable and efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst namely, N-doped-Ni(OH)2/NF (noted as NDN/NF). The NDN/NF catalyst shows an outstanding performance, with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 achievable at a voltage of only 1.35 V (vs. RHE) in ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), outperforming most nickel-based catalysts. The catalyst also exhibits exceptional stability with a constant overpotential during the 20 h chronopotentiometry (CP) tests. The formation of active states is promoted by the shortened Ni–O bond resulting from the coordination deficiency of nickel, as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Who has the Last Word? The Dead and their Lively Humour in

All the characters in Máirtín Ó Cadhain’s novel are dead people, but they continue to speak as if they were still alive, and have not realized they are actually dead. Another paradox may be that although all of them are dead, none is really interested in death or its metaphysics. They go on with their earthly interests and spites, abusing and offending one another, spilling out secrets and shouting out loud. Speaking is the only thing they can still do while dead, and they take advantage of it: it is often quite difficult for the reader to understand whose voice it is in the general uproar. Gradually, voices become identifiable and attributable to characters: the reader learns to recognize them by the bad language they use, by certain quirks or by the expression of individual snobbery, pretence and hatred. By taking dead people as his characters, and faithfully recording their imagined speeches, Ó Cadhain re-imagines and refashions satire as a specific Irish genre. The speaking dead stand for the Gaelic rural communities whose language the political activist Ó Cadhain’s taught and promoted as the real repository of the idea of an Irish independent nation. The particular dialogic form of the novel, though seemingly experimental and difficult to comprehend, represents Ó Cadhain’s effort to establish democracy (lacking in the real post-independence Irish state), through the multiplicity of voice polyphony implies, at least at literary level.

Self-regulation of audit activity: current state and development prospects

The proposed article discusses the current state and further development of the institution of audit self-regulation. The features of the system of regulation of audit activity are indicated, which, taking into account world experience, is based on a combination of regulation carried out by the Ministry of Finance of Russia, the Bank of Russia, with a self-regulation mechanism by the professional community of auditors. The features of the legal status of the self-regulatory organization of auditors are determined from the standpoint of its special functions, rights and obligations. In accordance with the legislation on audit activity, the governing bodies and specialized bodies of the self-regulatory organization of auditors, including the Committee of audit organizations in the financial market, are characterized. The provisions on the control powers of the Ministry of Finance of Russia for self-regulatory organizations are outlined. Attention is paid to assessing the real state of audit self-regulation, taking into account the negative trends that can be traced today in the field of audit self-regulation. The prospects for the development of self-regulation as “the main institution of the audit profession”, which will significantly reduce the negative trends of the current period of audit selfregulation, are determined.

Optical adaptive power control based on atmospheric channel reciprocity for mitigating turbulence disturbances in free-space optics communication.

A continuous time-domain adaptive power model of transmitter optical and control algorithm based on atmospheric turbulence channel reciprocity are explored for mitigating the free-space optical communication (FSOC) receiver optical intensity scintillation and bit error rate (BER) deterioration. First, a transmitter optical adaptive power control (OAPC) system architecture using four wavelength optical signals based on atmospheric turbulence channel reciprocity is proposed, and electronically variable optical attenuator (EVOA) and erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) are employed as the main OAPC units for power adaptation. Moreover, a reciprocity evaluation model for gamma-gamma (G-G) continuous-time signals is generated using the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) stochastic process, which takes into account the delay time and system noise, and a reciprocity-based OPAC algorithm is proposed. Numerical simulations were also performed to analyze the signal reciprocity characteristics under different turbulence, noise, and sampling time mismatch at both ends, as well as the scintillation index (SI) performance under OAPC system operation. Simultaneously, the time-domain signals of continuous quadrature amplitude modulation -16 (QAM-16) and QAM-32 real states are fused with the gamma-gamma (G-G) reciprocal turbulence continuous signals to analyze the probability density function (PDF) and bit error ratio (BER) performance after OAPC correction. Finally, a 64 Gpbs QAM-16 OPAC communication experiment was successfully executed based on an atmospheric turbulence simulator. It is shown that the OAPC correction is carried out using reciprocity at millisecond sampling delay, the light intensity scintillation of the communication signal can be well suppressed, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is greatly improved, the suppression is more obvious under strong turbulence, the overall BER reduction is greater than 2.8 orders of magnitude with the OAPC system, and this trend becomes more pronounced as the received power increases, even reach 6 orders of magnitude in some places. This work provides real time-domain continuous signal samples for real signal generation of communication signals in real turbulence environments, adaptive coding modulation using reciprocity, channel estimation, and optical wavefront adaptive suppression, which are the basis of advanced adaptive signal processing algorithms.

Use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassaium by melon plants at fertiling on irrigated saline sierozem in southern Kazakhstan

The use of mineral fertilizers is an important agronomic technique in the system of intensive agriculture. In 2021-2022, field experiments were conducted in the Maktaaral district of Turkestan province to assess the response of mid-season melon to different doses and ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. To model the effect of fertilizers and soil salinity on the indicators of yield and nutrient use by melon plants, the data by years were subjected to mathematical processing separately in order to build the most adequate regression models describing the dependence of the resulting factors on the studied factors against the background of the real state of soil fertility. In the first year of research, the early melon yield was 96% dependent on the combined effect of all factors studied. At the same time, nitrogen fertilizer had a separate positive effect, but the effect of its interaction with phosphorus and salt was negative. Potassium combined with phosphorus accelerated melon's early maturity, but in interaction with salt it slowed it down. The gross yield of melon was 92 % dependent on the combined effect of the studied factors, with nitrogen separately and in combination with phosphorus and phosphorus combined with potassium showing a positive effect. The dependence of nitrogen removal per unit of melon yield on the studied factors was 99 %, phosphorus – 88 % and potassium – 78 %. In the second year of research, the early harvest of melons was 97 % dependent on the total effect of all the studied factors. Nitrogen fertilizers had a positive effect, while phosphorus and soil salinity had a negative effect. Nitrogen interaction with phosphorus and soil salinity had a negative effect. Potassium in interaction with phosphorus had a positive effect on early melon yield, but in interaction with soil salt it was negative. The gross yield of melon was 90% dependent on the combined effect of all 4 studied factors. The combination of nitrogen nutrition with potassium and soil salinity had a negative effect, while phosphorus combined with potassium had a positive effect on melon gross yield. Nutrient removal by a unit of melon yield responded adequately to changes in the studied factors (R2=0.84-0.90) in the second year of the study. Application of nitrogen fertilizer increased normative removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Transcriptomic profiling of nuclei from paraformaldehyde-fixed and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain tissues

BackgroundParaformaldehyde (PFA) fixation is necessary for histochemical staining, and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue archives are the largest repository of clinically annotated specimens. Single-cell gene expression workflows have recently been developed for PFA-fixed and FFPE tissue specimens. However, for tissues where intact cells are hard to recover, including tissues containing highly interconnected neurons, single-nuclear transcriptomics is beneficial. Moreover, since RNA is very unstable, the effects of standard pathological practice on the transcriptome of samples obtained from such archived specimens like FFPE samples are largely anecdotal. ResultsWe evaluated the effects of polyformaldehyde (PFA) fixation and paraffin-embedding on transcriptional profiles of the mouse hippocampus obtained by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The transcriptomic signatures of nuclei isolated from fresh PFA-fixed and fresh FFPE tissues were comparable to those of cryopreserved samples. However, more differentially expressed genes were obtained for brains after PFA fixation for more than 3 days than in fresh PFA-fixed samples, especially genes involved in spliceosome and synaptic-related pathways. Importantly, the real cell states were destroyed, with oligodendrocyte precursor cells depleted in the 1day fixed hippocampus. After fixation for 3 days, the proportions of neuronal cells and oligodendrocytes decreased and microglia increased; however, relative frequencies remained constant for longer fixation durations. The storage time of FFPE samples had a negligible effect on the cell composition. SignificanceThis represents the first work to investigate the effects of fixation and storage time of brains on its nuclear transcriptome signatures in detail. The fixation time had more influences on the nuclear transcriptomic profiles than FFPE retention time, and the cliff-like effects appeared to occur over a fixed period of 1–3 days. These findings are expected to guide sample preparation for single-nucleus RNA-seq of FFPE samples, particularly in transcriptomic studies focused on brain diseases.

Multiple domain dynamic feature adaption transfer learning method for stranded wires health monitoring under variable vibration working conditions using laser-generated ultrasonic guided wave

Laser-generated ultrasonic guided wave is proved as a promising way to the structural health monitoring (SHM) of Stranded wires. However, variable vibrations would greatly affect the damage identification precision of stranded wires for the consequent distribution changes to collected signals. Aiming at this problem, a robust domain adversarial adaptation capsule network (DAACN) is proposed to reduce the influence of vibration and achieve reliable health state identification. Firstly, the UGW signals are preprocessed by normalization, phase alignment and bandpass filtering. Afterward, these preprocessed signals are divided into source and target signals and mapped to a high-dimensional feature domain space by deep feature extractor. Furthermore, an adversarial learning model, which contains a global domain discriminator and a local domain discriminator, is designed to help align the marginal distribution and conditional distribution of the two domain features. Then, a damage decoupled capsule network is built to obtain the relationship between the source features and damage labels. Finally, by joint adversarial training among the damage decoupled capsule network, global and local discriminator, the final model is obtained to identify the real structural state of test signals. Experimental results show that the proposed DAACN method can effectively align the damage feature under different vibration working conditions. Identification precision of more than 99% in all conditions also proves the superiority of the proposed method.

Metaphor, Materialism, Metropolis

Cities are physical, material concentrations of people and structures, but they are also ongoing conversations of intergenerational negotiation, communication, competition, conflict, and cooperation. Recently, Emma Colven, Renee Tapp, Delik Hudalah, Dallas Rogers, and Christopher Silver have offered valuable critical contributions to this dialogue in urban research, evaluating the utility and limitations of a new metaphor, Dracula Urbanism, for understanding the inequalities of today's transnational real-estate growth machines. In this essay, we pursue an extended meditation inspired by some of the most valuable insights offered by Colven, Tapp, Hudalah, Rogers, and Silver. Dracula Urbanism is a fascinating yet fearful story of technologically accelerated reproduction of inequality and urban competition. Uneven yet insistently transnationalizing real estate states rely on, and reproduce, recombinant legitimations of diaspora and nativism, capital and consciousness, property and personhood, ancestry and amortization.

Analysis on the innovative education mode of the integration of information technology and traditional teaching in the era of big data

Abstract In order to develop students’ concentration in the classroom, this paper proposes to analyze students’ learning concentration from three dimensions, where the superiority of the random forest classification algorithm is found in the dimension of head posture estimation so that students’ attention ranges can be analyzed. For data acquisition, the OpenPose platform is used for real-time detection of body, foot, hand, and face key points. A comprehensive evaluation study of students’ concentration levels in the classroom was achieved through an effective algorithm. Finally, the multimodal information fusion algorithm was investigated, and it was concluded that the weights could be calculated by hierarchical analysis to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of students’ learning concentration. By analyzing the course data of 12 students, the distribution of SFR values, Yaw angle and Pitch angle distribution, PERCLOS value distribution, and correct/error rate distribution of answers were counted, and the final scores of respective learning engagement were obtained as 0.91, 0.62, 0.80, 0.36, 0.82, 0.73, 0.81, 0.63, 0.81, 0.81 The model scores were compared with the expert scores, and the accuracy rate reached 98.6%, which proved that the model proposed in this paper is effective and can correctly reflect the real state of students’ learning in the classroom.

Transition dynamics shape mental state concepts.

People have a unique ability to represent other people's internal thoughts and feelings-their mental states. Mental state knowledge has a rich conceptual structure, organized along key dimensions, such as valence. People use this conceptual structure to guide social interactions. How do people acquire their understanding of this structure? Here we investigate an underexplored contributor to this process: observation of mental state dynamics. Mental states-including both emotions and cognitive states-are not static. Rather, the transitions from one state to another are systematic and predictable. Drawing on prior cognitive science, we hypothesize that these transition dynamics may shape the conceptual structure that people learn to apply to mental states. Across nine behavioral experiments (N = 1,439), we tested whether the transition probabilities between mental states causally shape people's conceptual judgments of those states. In each study, we found that observing frequent transitions between mental states caused people to judge them to be conceptually similar. Computational modeling indicated that people translated mental state dynamics into concepts by embedding the states as points within a geometric space. The closer two states are within this space, the greater the likelihood of transitions between them. In three neural network experiments, we trained artificial neural networks to predict real human mental state dynamics. The networks spontaneously learned the same conceptual dimensions that people use to understand mental states. Together these results indicate that mental state dynamics-and the goal of predicting them-shape the structure of mental state concepts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Multi-Sensor Fusion Boolean Bayesian Filtering for Stochastic Boolean Networks.

Stochastic Boolean networks (SBNs) take process noise into account, so it is better to fit the actual situation and has a wider application background than Boolean networks (BNs). However, the presence of noise influences us to estimate the real state of the system. To minimize the inaccuracies caused by the presence of noise, an optimal state estimation problem is studied in this article. The multi-sensor fusion Boolean Bayesian filtering is proposed and a recursive algorithm is provided to calculate the prior and posterior belief of system state by fusing multi-sensor measurements based on the algebraic form of the SBN and Bayesian law. Then, the optimal state estimator is obtained, which minimizes the mean-square estimation error. Finally, a simulation example is carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methodology. It has been shown through the simulation experiment that it increases the confidence level of the state estimation and improves the estimation performance using multi-sensor fusion compared with using single sensor.

АДМИНИСТРАТИВДИК ЖАНА САЯСИЙ БИЙЛИК ЧƟЙРƟСYНДƟГY КОРРУПЦИЯ МАСЕЛЕСИ

As noted in the author's scientific article, the range of means used to combat this type of social evil is very wide and varied: it is advisable to take measures from education to the death penalty, as in China. The accumulation of funds depends on the mentality of the ethnic group, the demographic situation, the historical background, the real state of affairs in the economic, political, legal and cultural spheres, the international situation, etc. determined by many factors. The problem of corruption, therefore, has a specific state specificity and, of course, must be solved taking into account the relevant conditions and capabilities of each state. In other words, the problem of corruption is not of an objective nature, on the contrary, there is a problem of corruption in a particular state, and the expected accumulation of funds must correspond to the real conditions and capabilities of the said state.

A finite element toolbox for the Bogoliubov-de Gennes stability analysis of Bose-Einstein condensates

We present a finite element toolbox for the computation of Bogoliubov-de Gennes modes used to assess the linear stability of stationary solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation. Applications concern one (single GP equation) or two-component (a system of coupled GP equations) Bose-Einstein condensates in one, two and three dimensions of space. An implementation using the free software ▪is distributed with this paper. For the computation of the GP stationary (complex or real) solutions we use a Newton algorithm coupled with a continuation method exploring the parameter space (the chemical potential or the interaction constant). Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations are then solved using dedicated libraries for the associated eigenvalue problem. Mesh adaptivity is proved to considerably reduce the computational time for cases implying complex vortex states. Programs are validated through comparisons with known theoretical results for simple cases and numerical results reported in the literature. Program summaryProgram Title: FFEM_BdG_toolbox.zipCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/dgypyc34gb.1Licensing provisions: Apache 2.0Programming language:▪(v 4.12) free software (www.freefem.org)Nature of problem: The software computes Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) complex modes of Bose-Einstein condensates described by the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation. BdG equations are obtained by linearizing the GP equation (or the system of coupled GP equations) around a stationary solution. Obtained BdG modes are used to assess on the stability of stationary states.Solution method: Stationary states of the GP equation are obtained by a Newton algorithm. Parameter space is explored using a continuation on the chemical potential. Once the stationary (complex or real) state is captured accurately, BdG modes are computed by solving the associated eigenvalue problem with the ARPACK library. Complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors are computed and stored. The wave function is discretized by P2 (piece-wise quadratic) Galerkin triangular (in 2D) or tetrahedral (in 3D) finite elements. Mesh adaptation is implemented to reduce the computational time. Examples are given for stationary states in one- and two-component Bose-Einstein condensates.

Вопросы аудита информационной безопасности

Today, information security reigns in absolutely all areas of human activity. Security breaches always have consequences, but depending on the structure, they can be invisible, or vice versa, stop the activities of an organization or even a country. The issue of ensuring information security of critical information infrastructure facilities has become the most discussed today. The state and its regulators to develop many regulatory legal documents that contain requirements for the system of protection of critical information infrastructure facilities of various levels of significance. However, no one has ever created a single technique that would show the real state of information security of a critical information infrastructure object. As a result, both the organization and regulators see only a general picture of the state of the defense system, which in turn creates many vulnerabilities that an attacker can use to carry out an attack. As a result of the attack on the object of critical information infrastructure, harm can be done not only to organizations, but also to people, the work processes of the entire state can be violated. That is why the issue of creating such a methodology becomes not only relevant, but also necessary both for the internal control of the organization itself and for automating the work of regulators during the next inspections. The methodology will show not only a high-quality assessment of the state of the protection system, but also show the possible vulnerabilities of the organization that need to be closed to improve the effectiveness of all protection.

Современное состояние межэтнических и межконфессиональных отношений в молодежной среде СКФО

The article considers the current state of interethnic and interfaith relations in the youth environment of the North Caucasus Federal District, problems and prospects for the development of these relations. Analysis of the situation hinges primarily on the results of a sociological study. The authors ascertain and characterize the major challenges in the process of forming a culture of interethnic communication in a multi-ethnic youth envi-ronment of the region, substantiate the role of the education system as the main subject of the educational pro-cess, emphasize the all-Russian scale of educational tasks in the field of forming a culture of interethnic com-munication, and the necessity to take into account the real state of relations in the youth environment. Conclu-sions and recommendations dwells on optimizing the process of preparing youth for the implementation of their life plans according to their own cultural and religious beliefs in a multicultural society.

An Overview of Filtering for Sampled-Data Systems under Communication Constraints

Survey/Review Study An Overview of Filtering for Sampled-Data Systems under Communication Constraints Ye Wang 1,2, Hong-Jian Liu 1,2, and Hai-Long Tan 1,2 1 School of Mathematics-Physics and Finance, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China 2 Key Laboratory of Advanced Perception and Intelligent Control of High-end Equipment, Ministry of Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China Received: 5 May 2023 Accepted: 21 July 2023 Published: 26 September 2023 Abstract: The sampled-data systems have been extensively applied to practical engineering because the digital signal shows great advantages in data transmission, storage and exchange. As a result, the analysis and synthesis problems of sampled-data systems have attracted ever-growing research interest due mainly to their significant application potential. On the other hand, the filtering or state estimation (which intends to reconstruct real system states from noisy measurements) is viewed as one of the most fundamental research topics in the control community. Until now, a lot of research efforts have been devoted to the filtering problem of sampled-data systems. The objective of the survey is to exhibit a systematic review with respect to filtering and control methods for sampled-data systems under communication constraints. First, some effective filtering algorithms are given. Then, the recent advances are shown in the filtering and control of sampled-data systems subject to network-induced phenomena based on the sampling methods. Finally, some future research topics are given on state estimation of sampled-data systems.

THE ROLE OF GREEN PUBLIC SPACES IN THE FORMATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The article analyzes the role of open green public spaces in the formation of a sustainable urban environment. In the urban planning dimension, public spaces are pedestrian streets, squares, boulevards, embankments, parks and squares, which were formed under the influence of historical, cultural, social and economic factors. In the social dimension, the listed objects are a territory publicly available for use by all residents to meet the needs of recreation, communication, sports, etc.
 The article also considers the typology of open landscaped spaces. The problem of the formation of public spaces for the cities of Ukraine is particularly relevant in view of the changes of the last decades in the field of economy, sociology, urban planning concepts of sustainable development, which stimulated the transformation of cities. Consideration of public space as a structural element of the city is important in the issue of sustainable development of Ukrainian cities and requires appropriate methodological support for analysis, evaluation, modeling and management of scientific and project activities. Resolving the contradiction between the knowledge of regularities and basic theories of the interaction of sciences in the development of the city and the real state of affairs will ensure the validity of the theoretical provisions in further studies of the spatial development of the city and practical urban planning solutions.