Real Reality Research Articles

Kewiralembagaan Kyai dalam Menginovasi Institusi Pesantren

This article seeks to explore the institutional innovation practices of Islamic boarding schools carried out by Kyai Malik, namely from being just an institution for cadre cadre of ulama to an institution that also cadres entrepreneurs. Since its inception, Islamic boarding schools have had an innovative character. This institution is the result of innovation from religious educational institutions in the Hindu-Buddhist era. As time goes by, the kyai also make institutional innovations in the Islamic boarding schools they care for, namely by adopting schools at various levels. However, on the other hand, it turns out that schools are less able to carry out their duties as educational institutions that prepare their students to become people who are able to live independently. Responding to this situation, Kyai Malik carried out institutional entrepreneurship practices by innovating his Islamic boarding school, in the form of developing learning methods based on real reality. Real reality-based learning methods are educational methods that adapt entrepreneurial practices directly into the learning process.

ANALISA AKAD AS-SHARF DALAM TUKAR MENUKAR (DINAR DIRHAM) DALAM PEMIKIRAN SYAIKH TAQIYUDDIN AN-NABHANI

The purpose of this study is to find out the as-sharf contract in exchanging currency according to Islamic law, to find out the as-sharf contract according to Sheikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani and to find out how the reality occurs in the exchange of as-sharf contracts. This study is a qualitative study by reviewing various literatures that are relevant to the subject matter, and Gerai Dinar as the object of research to find out the real reality, using the literature review method, observation and by interview and further documentation using data analysis techniques using the deductive method. The results of the study indicate that as-sharf transactions are permitted on condition that they must be in cash or directly and must not be more than what is exchanged. If there is an excess, then that is called usury and the law is haram. On the other hand, the function of money is only as a means of exchange and a means of calculating units of goods. If someone makes a sale and purchase of currency, then the law is haram, because money cannot be used as a commodity.

INFORMATION AND REALITY: PROBLEMS OF REFLECTION, PERCEPTION AND INTERPRETATION

The concept of information is related to fundamental philosophical questions: the relationship between being and thinking, truth and delusion, problems of communication in human society, problems of virtual reality, their connection with language, etc. The topic of information in its various aspects has recently become one of the most popular among scientists, publicists, journalists, and politicians. To date, there is a wide variety of definitions of the concept of “information”, however, there is no generally accepted understanding of the nature of information and the ways of its existence. On the basis of the semantic approach in the theory of information using semiotic methodology, the problem of the relationship and relationship between information and reality is considered; on this basis, the symbolic nature of information is analyzed, the problem of perception and interpretation of information by its recipients is investigated, the reasons and mechanisms of information distortion are analyzed. Information is considered as a sign, a representative of reality. There is always an uncertain, unstable, situational connection between signs and reality. There is a possibility of the existence of information in its pure form, without real events, which is not tied to real reality. Distortion is considered as a property of information; it is caused by the symbolic nature of information. The concept of “reality” is analyzed. Reality is largely a cultural construct, culture and society play a significant role in shaping perceptions of reality. Information becomes a model of reality, and at the same time information models reality. The concepts of “virtual reality” and “informational reality” are in use, which, in fact, are iconic constructions simulating reality.

МАТЕМАТИКА ПРЕДМЕТИН ТАБИГЫЙ ИЛИМДЕР ПРЕДМЕТТЕРИ МЕНЕН ИНТЕГРАЦИЯЛАП ОКУТУУНУН ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫК ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАРЫ

The article highlights the positive aspects of integrated teaching of mathematics with other subjects. Because of evolution of society and technology should be happen changes, progress in education. At the present time, acquiring knowledge about the real reality is acquiring special relevance not through separate training, but through integrated training. Integrated learning is a necessary method that meets modern requirements. In an integrated lesson, students are able to obtain deep and versatile knowledge using information from a variety of subject areas. In this case, the student's knowledge becomes complete, and the concepts of reality are integral.

The Real Existing Real Reality 2022. Article 1. From the Victory of Neo-Liberalism to the Self-Destructive World Society

The present study ‘The Real Existing Real Reality 2022’ consists of two related articles. These are reflections on societies, and perhaps the world on the road to self-destruction. The author wanted to add a subtitle to the article ‘The three-quarter time waltz of the self-destructive society, the new social structure of the Three Societies and a war, where good can at least fight against evil.’ In this work we discuss the currently urgent issue of how to interpret the rapidly increasing peaceful and non-peaceful transformations in the definitive global world. We point out the common features of the current events. Our title (The Real Existing Real Reality 2022) goes back to Boris Ponomarjov's phrase about ‘real existing socialism,’ which should have been higher than all ‘utopian’ concepts. All references to ‘reality’ seem to have two different directions. In the first case, ‘reality’ is more valuable than utopias (as in Ponomarjov). In the second case, reality is poor and negative compared to the ideas. But we have actually to deal with a third case. ‘Reality’ becomes the highest value, because the possession of the definition of Reality becomes the real goal of the present war. In the first article, ‘From the Victory of Neo-Liberalism to the Self-Destructive World Society,’ we show the ‘real’ process, and not yet reflected, of the political and social transformations. The triumphant neo-liberalism has appeared in every point and as the personification of every value in the current discussions. The greatest problem of the present is to identify liberalism with the monetarist economic system. The really existing socialism of the 1970s and 1980s was the subject against which a classical political liberalism of the human rights, a neo-liberal epistemology (Karl R. Popper) and a market-economy neo-liberalism could unite. Real socialism did not misunderstand this new situation. It has simply not recognized it. A new description of global society is only possible with a hypothesis of three ‘societies’ of this global world. The first society would be the society of the good will, for which the value-oriented life of this year (1989) can no longer be an open problem. We define the second society as the one that is not fundamentally constituted by the good will described above. We see the third society in that political class or elite whose power came into being in the year 1989. The ‘third’ society is the object of self-identification of the ‘first’; the ‘first’ is the product of 1989. The ‘second’ society, as the majority, lived in the shadows for a long time after 1989, its emancipation began after the first elementary shocks (economic crises or the imperialist turn) of globalization. When we talk about the further social embedding of these Three Societies, the phenomenon of public debt seems to be one of the most relevant constitutive factors of our society in the plan. The correlations are more than obvious. The third society suggests to the first society that the heavily indebted state is not a really relevant social fact. It also suggests that today's world economy is the realm of normality, in which only the bad and undisciplined policies of individual governments or the oil price are the real movers.

Reality as Technology, or Ontological Lexicon in Modern Processes Nomination

The study examines terminological nominations in the IT sphere in the Russian, which include lexicon denoting ontological concepts. The aim of the research is to identify a conceptual shift in the perception of reality, as explicit in new terminological nominations of the digital era (augmented reality, mixed reality, RR). Composite nominations with key nouns of ontological semantics were extracted from scientific and media discourse. Research methodology includes semantic and contextual analysis, interpretative analysis within the framework of the theory of linguistic conceptualization of the world. The following conclusions were drawn: the use of words of ontological semantics in IT technical terms reflects a technocentric view of objective reality, where its fundamentally significant role in human and societal organization is reimagined. The concept of “reality” is juxtaposed with the concept of “virtuality.” The “real reality” itself, designated as ‘RR’, is considered one of the components in the paradigm of immersive technologies. Semantic changes are evident in the adjective ‘realnyy’ [real]: in opposition to attributes like ‘virtualnyy’ [virtual], ‘onlayn’ [online], etc., it embodies a new semantic nuance ‘manifesting not in virtual space’, which becomes relevant in discussions about the role of digital technologies in life.

ASAS KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Buya Syakur is a charismatic scholar whose intelligence is very broad, and very relevant to the times, his direction of thinking which prepares and produces cadres to create a nation that is very precise and extraordinary, by cultivating and developing enthusiasm and synergizing with socio-cultural realities. The indication is that apart from students understanding religion, first they do not rule out social life. Based on taukhid, as the main basis for implementing the Islamic education curriculum (having a good relationship with God). The meaning of taukhid here is not only to acknowledge the oneness of God (divine unity), but also to be proven by real reality by acknowledging the relationship between humans and others (hablun min al-nas, anthropo-sociological aspects), and the relationship between humans and their natural environment. (hablun min al-'âlam, cosmological aspect). Second, the Islamic Education curriculum that was initiated by Buya Syakur is good morals. This is aimed at providing provisions for children with good morals and a clean soul. The third principle of the curriculum is lifelong learning. This means that God gives an appeal to humans to always remember and always learn throughout life. Don't be afraid to fail or give up. The hope of Buya Syakur's thinking is to make humans as themselves and their gods, so that they realize that as a noble being, they must have noble privileges as well, so that ultimately create a cadre of understanding of religious values, proven by behaving well, broad in thinking, logical in opinion and have a clean soul. Keywords: Basic Curriculum And Islamic Education

Community shifts in Segunung Village due to information technology influence

Background: The development of information technology has transformed rural communities from their traditional focus on local matters to being integrated into the global society. This shift significantly affects media consumption and production and consequently changes the way people interact with one another as they socialize in both real life and cyberspace. Purpose: This study aimed to find out the communication construction of rural communities living in Carangwulung Village, Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency. Methods: By using a phenomenological approach, the researchers revealed the experiences and meanings of individuals in this phenomenon. In-depth interview was the main data collection technique in this study. Results: The results of the study unveiled a transformative shift in the way rural communities interact and communicate, attributable to the pervasive influence of information technology. Historically, rural communities have been characterized by close-knit bonds, where face-to-face interactions in communal gatherings, festivals, and local meetings were the norm. These events often served as both social and informational hubs, fostering a sense of unity, shared identity, and mutual support. Conclusion: As technology permeates every aspect of life in Segunung traditional village, the shift towards virtual interactions is inevitable, impacting the collective nature of the community. Implications: The presence of the internet changes the communication construction of rural communities where life and community activities become easier by living in a world with real reality and part of cyber society.

텔레비전드라마 “서른, 아홉”(2022)에 구현된 가족의 의미와 한계

The purpose of this study is to analyze the aspects, meanings, and limitations of the family in the television drama Thirty, Nine. In Korean society, the framework of “normal family” became a standard for discriminating against the forms of family that did not meet this, but recent changes in social perceptions are reflected in the aspects of family in television dramas. Thirty, Nine presents care and intimacy as the standard of a new family. It is emphasized that the family does not consist solely of blood ties by dealing with the issue of adoption. This work divides the good and bad composition of characters based on their perceptions and attitudes toward the family and omits specific conflict situations. It also distorts the real reality in that commitment to each other is mainly based on strong economic power and time. In addition, the main characters choose marriage based on heterosexual relationships at the end. It deals with the problem of adoption within this typical family structure of parents and children. This shows that various imaginations of the family are not fully realized in television dramas.

Functional composition of irrealis

In the field of linguistics, there are different opinions about the object of sentence verification. While linguists ofthe world expressed their opinion on this, they either narrowed or expanded the object of his study. In Real reality, somephenomena can also be reflected in the non-state. An event in such a situation occurs in the event or vice versa. That iswhy the concept of irrealis is considered one of the concepts widely used in linguistics at the moment. The following articleshows the expression of irrealis in modal relations, i.e. an event that is likely to occur is given as an example of events.

To the issue of functional and structural characteristics of judicial practice in Ukraine

The article examines the problems of the significance and effectiveness of judicial practice in Ukraine thanks to the application of a systemic approach to identifying its functional and structural characteristics. Separate works of scientists on the methodology of scientific research of judicial practice as a source of law have been analyzed. It has been proven that the main questions that arise in the course of the study of judicial practice in Ukraine as a legal phenomenon should be analyzed with the help of complementary and interconnected elements, namely theoretical and methodological, then their combination gives grounds for considering the theory of law as a component of legal science and methodological approaches - as a set of various scientific knowledge and methods that are interrelated. The need to study the functional and structural characteristics of judicial practice in Ukraine as a legal phenomenon that combines law-making and the specifics of the implementation of legal norms is substantiated. It was found that the study of the functional and structural characteristics of judicial practice should be carried out on a number of criteria, among which it is necessary to distinguish the impact and cognitive criteria. In particular, according to the criterion of the influence of judicial practice on real reality, internal (judges’ legal perception of the mechanism of application of the principle of analogy in making court decisions) and external (influence of judicial practice on law-making and human rights protection activities) its functional and structural characteristics are distinguished. According to the cognitive criterion, the heuristic elements of judicial practice are determined, namely: the latter is a type of legal practice; lack of conceptual identity with judicial precedent and judicial law-making; an additional means of influencing social relations in combination with a legal prescription; a means of implementing the principle of unity; a defined circle of its subjects; ensuring direct exchange of information between the judicial and legislative branches of government. It is emphasized that the proposed list of heuristic functional-structural elements of judicial practice is not exhaustive and can be supplemented.

Pluralisme Agama Dalam Masyarakat Masa Kini: Pentingnya Pemahaman Dan Kesadaran Untuk Membangun Kehidupan Yang Harmonis

Today's society is a technology-based society. The rise of technology-based progress brings many challenges in the life of today's society, one of which is the undoubted religious pluralism. Pluralist life is now a real reality and religious pluralism is also part of that real reality. Religious pluralism is a necessity that cannot be avoided. The development of technology in today's society allows every religion to meet each other at any time and at any time so that the spirit of religious pluralism becomes increasingly important because various religions and beliefs today coexist in one community. The main problem that will be discussed in the article is that the reality of religious diversity often causes conflict and intolerance between religious groups. The majority religious group that exclusively claims to be the most correct and does not want to accept the truth of other religions, then does not accept religious pluralism is a necessity. In fact, the conflicts that occur are not only from exclusive adherents (religious exclusivism) who claim their religion is absolutely right and other religions are wrong. There are also some political elites under the guise of religion who trigger inter-religious conflicts. This article specifically explores and highlights the importance in today's society of developing a better understanding and awareness of the reality of religious diversity, in order to build a peaceful and prosperous life that promotes the values of tolerance, peace and harmony. Religious pluralism as a bridge of understanding and awareness of religious pluralism, if built on the basis of universal principles, such as inclusivism, compassion, and dialogue.

An Exploration of Local Wisdom: Rites of Passage in Malay Culture in Riau and Palembang

The development of rites of passage in the Malay Culture in Riau and Palembang Indonesian has decreased in implementation stemming from the pros and cons of its importance. Exploration of local wisdom includes; Human interaction with supernatural, Oriented to moral strengthening, Fostering suggestions in religious, social, and economic aspects, Strengthening existence as a human being, Internalisation of Islamic values in culture, and there is a process of socialisation and enculturation. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the rites of passage in Riau and Palembang by exploring the values of local wisdom. The rite of passage is considered sacred and if it is not celebrated, it is feared that disaster will occur. The implementation of the Transitional Ritual is packed with Islamic nuances. This research uses a qualitative literature method with data sources from observations, interviews and literature reviews in Riau and Palembang. Through the qualitative method, it is known that the Ritual of Transition is a phase of human life journey. The transition from one phase to the next is celebrated with religious rituals and then becomes the tradition of the Malay people in Riau and Palembang. The transition phase with rituals is local wisdom as an implementation of the substance of religion with culture without any conflict and the real reality of the face of Malay Islam. Two Malay communities that interact local wisdom in birth, marriage and death, in reality as a form of prayer and thanksgiving to the Almighty. The journey of human life is a transition from one phase to the next celebrated with religious rituals and considered sacred.

Modernism and avant-garde: considerations on the distinction of concepts

The article discusses the difference between modernism and avant-garde as cultural-historical and philosophical-aesthetic phenomena. The aim of the article is to show the main discrepancy between modernism and avant-garde in terms of reception and their relationship to reality. The research method consists in the extrapolation of the evolutionary method (according to the classification of methods by V. M. Peretz) to the historical and literary situation of the 10-s and 20-s of the 20th century, in particular in the aspect of its consideration through the prism of the relationship and interaction of its iconic artistic and literary aesthetic phenomena of modernism and avant-garde. The evolutionary method involves the study of the natural development of phenomena, from their inception and through all stages of formation and development. Literature is considered in the dynamics of its historical development, taking into account cause-and-effect relationships between phenomena. Thus, the history of literature appears as an image of literary evolution on the basis of the general evolution of society and in connection with other separate evolutions that influenced it. In addition to evolutionary methods, the following methods were also used: systematic analysis, historical-genetic, comparative-comparative. The scientific novelty consists in an attempt to differentiate the concepts of modernism and avant-garde on the basis of their completely opposite reception and attitude to the contemporary reality, as well as in the analysis and systematization of already existing scientific positions on the specified problem. It has been proven that modernism, even in its mature phase, remained in opposition to real reality, focusing attention on the self-worth of man and art, while avant-garde, adopting its destructive energy, dynamism, militancy, technical audacity, transformed all this into its own aesthetic program. The absence of a harmonious relationship between man and nature, the dominance of material values over spiritual values, technocratization, militarism and rebellion, avant-garde turned into its cultural and artistic paradigm, making all this its philosophical and religious worldview. It has been found that avant-gardeism with all the variety of its currents is a multifaceted reflection of this contradictory revolutionary aggressive reality. Moreover, he is her creation, her pain and mouthpiece at the same time. Prospects for further research consist in the application of the evolutionary method in the analysis of poetic works of the era of mature modernism, with the aim of practical confirmation of the theoretical considerations proposed here.

Legal Comparison of Electronic Contract in Electronic Commerce Between Indonesia and the United States Based on the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

Objective: The importance of an electronic deal is the validity of the electronic information contained in it. The real reality that occurs in cyber activities is complex because such deeds are no longer limited to the territory of any other country.
 
 Method: The United Nations Commission on Global Trade Law (UNCITRL) model law on electronic trade was established as a fundamental rule for regulating the validity, recognition, and results of electronic messages based on the use of computers in trade activities. Indonesia and the United States are among the member states of the UNCITRL state that can actively participate in the drafting of the UNCITRL Agreement and adopt model legislation. The aim of this learning was to compare the regulation of electronic contracts in Indonesia and the United States by referring to the UNCITRL model law on electronic commerce. The legal research methodology used in this study is the standard legal approach using statutory methods and conceptual methods.
 
 Results: The results show that although both Indonesia and the United States have adopted some provisions of the UNCITRL Model Act in the field of electronic commerce, they have different legal implications.
 
 Conclusions: The Electronic Information and Transaction Act – commonly known as UU ITE in Indonesia – focuses on the use of report technology and the Internet to ensure the security and privacy of electronic transactions, as well as to provide legal guarantees to technology users. UETA focuses on legalizing electronic communications, including electronic contracts, to remove as many barriers to electronic commerce as possible.

Hedwig Conrad-Martius on Color, Light, and the Irreality of the Artwork

ABSTRACTIn her article “Die Irrealität des Kunstwerkes,” first published in 1938, Hedwig Conrad-Martius delves into the question of the artistic representation of the real reality of the world, which basically concerns the classical distinction between art and nature. It is in this context that Conrad-Martius rejects idealism and the concomitant assumption that an artwork imitates the “living reality” of Nature. She clearly distinguishes between the task of phenomenology and that of art: while phenomenology should surpass the sphere of mere sensuous appearances and inquire into the “real reality” (wirkliche Wirklichkeit) of the world, phenomenological aesthetics should conversely deal with the expressive character of appearances and assume their inherent “irreality” (Irrealität), such that phenomenological ontology and aesthetics involve distinctive ontological realms that vary according to the subject-matter. However, while she clearly distances herself from Husserl’s phenomenology in her search for the consciousness-independent facticity of the world, she concurs with him in her eidetic enquiries and in the assertion of the creative potential of art, which lies in the creation of a new, even “irreal,” world. For this purpose, I will explore confluences and divergences between their respective conceptions.

Філософія закону, який не діє

Abstract. The relevance of the study lies in the study of negative trends of real reality in the life of Ukrainian society against the background of the international authority of our state. The problems of not fully effective operation of the law during the period of martial law and the inconsistency of the existing mechanisms for the protection of human rights and freedoms to the needs of citizens were considered. An overview of the restrictions that were introduced during the legal regime of martial law was made. Attention is focused on the unbalanced distribution of the role of the parliamentary-presidential model of interaction of all branches of government in society: the President, the National Security and Defense Council, as well as the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine for the purpose of legal regulation of public life in Ukraine. The research was carried out on the basis of a sociological survey conducted in order to determine the assessment of the legal ideology of martial law (128 people). Existing legislative conflicts in the sphere of restriction of the right to freedom of speech and security are highlighted.

ФОРМУВАННЯ БЕЗПЕЧНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ У ЦИФРОВОМУ ПРОСТОРІ

The article deals with the problem of the formation of safe behaviour of primary school students in the digital space. Primary school age is transitional in mastering the digital space. This is due to the age-related psychological characteristics of primary school students (qualitative changes in cognitive development; actualization of verbal and logical thinking; semantic memory, voluntary attention; the need for play, movement and external impressions, «clip thinking», etc.). Online risks are characterized as the following: communicative, content, consumer, technical, and internet addiction. It is emphasized that collision with communicative risks is the most serious issue for children compared to other types of online risks because it more often causes them tangible harm. The positive and negative aspects of the activities of primary school students in the digital space are determined. Positive aspects include the following: development of logical, operational thinking; the ability to predict; satisfaction of children’s need for external impressions; the ability to manage information flows; formation of creative thinking, etc. Negative aspects of activities of primary school students in the digital space are the following: problems with physical and mental health; inability to communicate with peers and adults in real life; decrease in empathy; the danger of virtual temptation of a child; loss of interest in learning, reading, manual labour; inability to distinguish virtual reality from real reality, etc. Educational tasks are singled out, the implementation of which will contribute to increasing the safety of primary school students in the digital space: combining the efforts of the state, parents and teachers to implement more effective mechanisms for the modernization of content for children in social networks; increasing the level of teachers’ digital competence; formation of parents’ digital competence; establishment of partnership interaction between parents and teachers, which is as a mutually coordinated and responsible activity based on dialogue, equal rights, voluntary participation and mutual interest of the parties; education of students’ responsible attitude towards their activities on the Internet. The conducted research does not cover all aspects of the raised multifaceted problem of the formation of safe behaviour of primary school students in the digital space. Further scientific research can be aimed at developing criteria, indicators and identifying the levels of formation of safe behaviour of primary school students in the digital space. Key words: safe behaviour, primary school students, digital space, online risks, positive and negative aspects of a child’s activity in the digital space.

ЗАХИСТ АВТОРСЬКИХ/СУМІЖНИХ ПРАВ У РАЗІ СТВОРЕННЯ ЗАГРОЗИ ЇХ ПОРУШЕННЯ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРИКЛАДНІ ПИТАННЯ

With the entry into force of the new Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights", the legal regulation of the protection of copyright/related rights has been significantly updated. The theoretical and applied problems of protection of copyright/related rights in the event of a threat of their violation are investigated. In the 1993 Law "On Copyright and Related Rights", committing actions that create a threat of infringement of copyright/related rights was also recognized as one of the types of their violation, without specifying such actions. Unlike the 1993 Law, the new Law defines actions that create a threat of violation of personal non-property and property copyright and related rights. These include, in particular: 1) distribution, importation into the customs territory of Ukraine of technical devices, equipment, which includes a computer program and provides access to the objects of copyright and/or objects of related rights without the permission of the relevant subjects of copyright rights or subjects of related rights (including when the computer program, applications and supplements to it, technologies or technical devices use signals of other Internet resources); 2) setting up a computer program, applications, supplements to them, technologies, technical devices that provide access to objects of copyright and/or objects of related rights without the permission of the relevant subjects of copyright or subjects of related rights such objects (including when a computer program, applications and supplements to it, technologies or technical devices use signals from other Internet resources); 3) provision of instructions on setting up a computer program, applications and supplements to it, technologies, technical devices to gain access to copyright objects and/or objects of related rights without the permission of the relevant copyright subjects or subjects related rights of such objects in any form for the purpose of receiving remuneration from the provision of such instructions. The conditions of civil liability in the event of a threat of infringement of copyright/related rights are studied. The ground for civil liability is the offense as a legal entity. The conditions for civil liability are the following: illegality of the act; damage; causal connection between illegal acts and damage; fault. In the event of a threat of violation of the rights of their subject, no harm occurs. However, the requirement to remove the threat of infringement is inherently a way to protect copyright/related rights. It is worth rethinking traditional approaches to understanding the conditions of civil liability. This may arise and appropriate means of responsibility should be applied not only in the case of committing an offense as a fact of real reality, but also in the event of creating a threat of violation of the law. This is a feature of civil liability, a manifestation of its preventive function. On a practical level, there may be problems in proving a direct causal link between actions and a real threat to copyright/related rights.

BERITA HOAKS DALAM MEDIA SOSIAL FACEBOOK (PENDEKATAN 5W+1H)

Hoax news is fake news that is made up or twisted from the real reality. There are many cases or events that did not actually occur but have been made into news and packaged as well as possible so that the public is interested in reading them. Hoax news is now very widespread in various media. Whether it's print media or online media, for example, most people don't care about this. The public can easily believe hoax news and do not hesitate to disseminate it to the public, especially social media Facebook. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research, because the data used in this study are in the form of words and sentences. The description of words and sentences refers to the contents and content of hoax news that spreads on Facebook social media. The data collection techniques in this study included the identification and classification of data, the description of the data, and the interpretation of the data. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that hoax news on Facebook social media, namely creating unrest in the community, destroying social relations, propaganda of religious fanaticism and others. This makes hoax news on Facebook social media even more widespread because of the habit of a person without reading and immediately sharing it without knowing the risks that will occur.