Real Property Research Articles

Further study of eccentricity based indices for benzenoid hourglass network

Topological Indices are the mathematical estimate related to atomic graph that corresponds biological structure with several real properties and chemical activities. These indices are invariant of graph under graph isomorphism. If top(h1) and top(h2) denotes topological index h1 and h2 respectively then h1 approximately equal h2 which implies that top(h1) = top(h2). In biochemistry, chemical science, nano-medicine, biotechnology and many other science's distance based and eccentricity-connectivity(EC) based topological invariants of a network are beneficial in the study of structure-property relationships and structure-activity relationships. These indices help the chemist and pharmacist to overcome the shortage of laboratory and equipment. In this paper we calculate the formulas of eccentricity-connectivity descriptor(ECD) and their related polynomials, total eccentricity-connectivity(TEC) polynomial, augmented eccentricity-connectivity(AEC) descriptor and further the modified eccentricity-connectivity(MEC) descriptor with their related polynomials for hourglass benzenoid network.

Thermo-viscous influence on the mechanical seal performance in a reactor coolant pump (RCP)

The mechanical seal performance in reactor coolant pump (RCP) is of great importance for the efficient and safe operation of primary loop in nuclear power plant. The sealing medium filling inside the seal encounters strong thermal gradient. In this paper, thermo-viscous effect on sealing characteristics with two typical mechanical seal faces, namely the tapered-end-face and wave-tilt-dam, is numerically studied, by introducing the temperature-viscosity equation according to the real physical properties of the sealing medium. Performance of mechanical seal with two different temperature-viscosity equations are compared. In addition, the influence of thermo-viscous effect on cavitation is also analyzed. It is revealed that the temperature-viscosity variation significantly influences the internal flow field, temperature field, two-phase distribution, and the opening force as well. With low base film thickness, the temperature difference will reduce 58% as considering the thermal effect on viscosity, and the difference in leakage may be as high as 43%. Also, the prediction of cavitation under small film thickness indicates that the thermo-viscous effect decreases the cavitating area. This work contributes to the mechanical seal design and performance prediction by assessing the thermal influences on viscosity of seal medium, and meanwhile revealing the effect on the possible cavitation event.

Vertical Integration & Performance in Residential Real Estate

Vertical integration is a growth strategy whereby a firm engages in multiple stages of the value chain. Although the benefits of vertical integration are well documented, few studies have examined its relevance in real estate. In response to this lack of research, this paper explores tenant perceptions of property managers’ vertical integration and effectiveness. The results of this international study show the benefits of vertical integration extend to residential real estate, such that renters are more trusting, loyal, committed, and desirable when they perceive their property manager as vertically integrated. This paper also uncovers a concering finding that many tenants are living in unaffordable rental accomodations, requiring further research. This study contributes to a large body of vertical integration literature and extends the empirical examinations to real estate and property management.

Real Estate Price Prediction Using Machine Learning

Abstract: The abstract of the real estate price prediction project for properties in Bengaluru involves using machine learning algorithms to develop a predictive model that can estimate the prices of properties in the city based on various features such as location, size, amenities, and so on. The dataset used for this project contains information on thousands of properties in different parts of Bengaluru, including their sale prices, size, location, number of bedrooms, bathrooms, and other key features. To build the predictive model, several machine learning algorithms such as linear regression, decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost are used to train the model on the given dataset. The performance of each model is evaluated using metrics such as mean absolute error, mean squared error, and R squared score, and the best performing model is selected as the final predictive model. Once the model is trained and tested, it can be used to predict the prices of new properties in Bengaluru based on their features. The model can also be used to identify the most important features that affect the price of properties in the city, which can be useful for real estate agents, property developers, and investors looking to buy or sell properties in Bengaluru.

Image Based Appraisal Real Estate Properties

Abstract: Real estate appraisal, which is the process of estimating the price for real estate parcels, is vital for both deals and merchandisers as the base for concession and trade. Traditionally, the duplication deals model has been vastly espoused to estimate real estate price. still, it depends the design and computation of a complex profitable affiliated indicator, which is challenging to estimate directly. moment, real estate brokers give easy access to detailed online information on real estate parcels to their guests. We're interested in estimating the real estate price from these large quantities of fluently entered data. In particular, we dissect the vaticination power of online house cinema, which is one of the vital factors for online addicts to make a implicit visiting decision. In this work, we employ a intermittent Neural Network( RNN) to prognosticate real estate price using the state- of- the- art visual features. The experimental results indicate that our model outperforms several of other state- of- theart birth algorithms in terms of both mean absolute error( MAE) and mean absolute chance error( MAPE).

Wybrane ograniczenia egzekucji z ruchomości na podstawie art. 829 k.p.c. – część 2

This article discusses selected limitations to debt collection from real properties based on the Civil Procedure Code. It presents the structured description of the scope of limitations (which real properties are excluded from those enforcement proceedings) by referring to acceptable legal interpretation rules, as well as the achievements of the doctrine and judicature, including in particular definitions. In addition, the article examines practical problems that can appear in the context of the definition of the scope of limitations to debt collection from particular categories of objects specified in Art. 829 of the Civil Procedure Code. It refers to the question of values presented by the legislator, which seem to constitute the basis for the regulation.

The Influence of TIF Overlay Zoning on Residential Real Estate Prices

Tax increment financing, a form of overlay zoning, are purported to spur economic development and promote the public interest of the community. However, these municipal overlay zones frequently generate hostility due to their use of public funds. While a large volume of knowledge exists on the impact of residential real estate prices within a tax increment financing district, little is known about the impact of the municipal overlay zone on the surrounding community. Using four, similarly timed, but separate tax increment financing districts and a transactional residential real estate dataset, we test price implications for residential real estate property at three separate geographic distances. Using propensity score matching and fixed effects modeling, we find that the imposition of tax increment financing districts increased surrounding residential real estate property values.

Sustainable tax system design for use of mass real estate appraisal in land management

Sustainable land management aims at land use by protecting nature. Real estate value is one of the important parts of land management, especially at the decision stages. The value associated with a major part of domestic real estate is tax value. The purpose of this study is to develop a tax system that is easy to understand and use as well as compatible with innovations. The sustainability of mass real estate appraisal is provided with legal, physical, locational, neighborhood and economic criteria according to ordinary and extraordinary conditions. The plots reserved for housing in urban areas were selected as the real property type with updates regarding appraised value for taxation. Valuation stages were discussed separately from general to detail, and coefficients were used under the current tax law. Sustainable mass plot appraisal system was designed by providing sustainable cycle economic and extraordinary criteria. The application was carried out in Konya/Lalebahçe Neighborhood and the sustainability of the system was observed. A multiple regression model was created from the samples of 2015 and the real estate value estimation was made with the data of the criteria affecting the value. With the model obtained from the economic criteria of 2005–2015, the economic valuation rate of real estate was found for the years 2016–2021. The results were compared with 10 market sample data for the years 2020–2021. The values estimated by the economic valuation rate of the real estate in 2020 approached the market values with an average of ± 7 % standard deviation and in 2021 with a ± 14 % standard deviation. A sustainable mass appraisal system for taxation was successfully tested and its sustainability was observed.

Austrian Cadastre still in use – Example proceedings to determine the legal status of land property in southern Poland

The cadastral map is a large-scale cartographic record of property ownership that preserves the dimensions and shape of an owned land parcel on the earth surface, but also the spatial relationship of all individual parcels to each other. There are hundreds of thousands of cadastral maps to be found all over the world. Cadastral maps aided land assignment and taxation, presenting statistics essential for territorial administration, or as a symbol of state control over land. The historical land cadastre introduced in the early nineteenth century in the Austrian Empire, was the foundation of many countries' land register systems. One of the areas it covered was Galicia, a southern part of Poland annexed by Austria in the eighteenth century during the Partitions. The study evaluates the use of old Austrian cadastral maps in southern Poland, mainly in matters related to property boundaries. The Austrian Cadastre lost its importance in Poland after the Second World War due to sociopolitical changes. Still, it became a source of data on real property boundaries once again after the 1989 transformation, which restituted and enhanced ownership rights. Today, modern court proceedings on boundary disputes, easement appurtenant decisions, release of property, grant of property title, or usucaption often need to refer to historical legal sources, including the Austrian Cadastre (cadastral maps and land tax registers) to determine ownership boundaries. The paper presents numerous examples of modern uses of historical land cadastre documents, including cadastral maps and land tax registers in land surveying and legal procedures in Poland. The results show that data from the historical land cadastre remain a source of information when determining ownership boundaries despite the time passed. Therefore, the cadastral documentation offers not only historical and research value but also a practical one.

An Algorithm to Predict Real Estate Price using Machine Learning

Real Estate Pricing has always been a varying from time to time keeping a buyer confuse on how to get exact price of the property at certain point of time. A machine learning algorithm is used to predict the exact price of the property. Predicting the accurate amount of the real estate is very much a matter of concern as people are investing too much now a days in property where a property dealer could easily charge more amount if the buyer is not knowing the market price of the property. The major focus of this research paper is to predict the accurate price of the property without a hassle. Apart from that it also focuses on increasing the accuracy of the already existing system. There is various machine learning algorithm available for prediction such as Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Classification, Random Forest KNN, Support Vector Machine, Lasso, Linear Regression etc. The aim of this research is to predict the market value of real estate properties based on geological location. By analyzing previous market patterns, value ranges, and upcoming developments, we can determine a starting price for a property based on geological variables. Our study is applicable to any location, and we have utilized three machine learning algorithms to make predictions. Our findings indicate that linear regression provides the most accurate predictions, with an accuracy rate of 85%. This system eliminates the need for clients to rely on brokers and provides them with the confidence to invest in real estate. The accuracy of our system surpasses that of previous methods used in the industry.

Numerical simulation of trans-/near-/supercritical injection characteristics based on real fluid properties

In this paper, the trans-/near-/supercritical jet models were established using a combination of large eddy numerical simulations and real fluid equations of state (EOS) in order to systematically investigate the heat and mass transfer mixing process of the jet at supercritical pressure. The effects of EOS, injection temperature (Tinj), ambient pressure (Pamb), and the pseudo-boiling phenomena on the density field, temperature increase rate, spray penetration, spray area, spreading angle, and mixing layer thickness of the spray were investigated. The results reveal that the initial shape of the spray is connected to its thermodynamic and transport characteristics. The correctness of fuel characteristic parameters impacts the development of the jet. For trans-/near-critical sprays, the temperature rise rate, spreading angle, spray area, and mixing layer thickness are enhanced, indicating the mixing efficiency is improved by increasing the Pamb and Tinj. However, raising the Pamb has a detrimental impact if both the Tinj and the Pamb exceed the critical parameters. This is owing to the link between Tinj and pseudo-boiling temperature, which results in a trade-off between Pamb and the objects discussed above for supercritical sprays. This research is essential to comprehend the heat and mass transfer mixing process of the supercritical jet.

An Overview of Real Gas Brayton Power Cycles: Working Fluids Selection and Thermodynamic Implications

This paper discusses and reviews the main real gas effects on the thermodynamic performance of closed Brayton cycles. Cycles with carbon dioxide as working fluids are taken as a reference and a comparison of the thermodynamic cycle efficiencies that are made with other possible working fluids (pure fluids and fluid mixtures). We fixed the reduced operating conditions, in optimal conditions, so that all working fluids had the same thermodynamic global performances. Therefore, the choice of the working fluid becomes important for adapting the cycle to the different technological requirements. The positive effects of the real gas properties in supercritical cycles were approximately maximal at reduced minimum cycle temperatures of about 1.01 to 1.05, with maximum to minimum cycle temperatures of about 2.2. The use of mixtures furthers widens the application of the field of closed Brayton cycles, thereby allowing a continuous variation in the critical temperature of the resulting working fluid and, in some cases, also making it possible to take the condensation with a significant further increase in the thermodynamic cycle efficiency. The paper also demonstrates the thermodynamic convenience of resorting to mixtures of carbon dioxide and inert gases. Extensive measurements of vapour–liquid equilibria and analysis of the thermal stability and material compatibility are essential for a practical and full use of the real gas Brayton cycles.

Modern Management Methods in the Area of Public Housing Resources in the Community

Real estate management is a complex process that consists of making or indicating decisions of both a tactical and strategic character. To ensure the realization of the tasks, real property owners need to adjust their services to respond to technological pressure, a dynamically changing market, and the demands of the customer, thus resulting in various innovations introduced by the owners in the process of the public housing management. A review of the subject literature was the source of the theoretical motivation to conduct the empirical research on the innovations implemented by property owners. The main objective of said research was to ascertain which innovations have been implemented by the entities that were owners of public property in the Częstochowa City Commune and how were they evaluated by the residents. A questionnaire survey was used to verify the hypotheses. Statistical analyses were also carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 package, which was used to analyze basic descriptive statistics, including the Shapiro–Wilk test, the Student’s t-test for independent samples, Spearman’s rho correlation analysis, Pearson’s r correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis. The research presented in this paper was conducted in the Q3 and Q4 of 2020 among the residents of the public housing in Częstochowa, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. The measurement tool used was a survey form. The survey itself was submitted by 444 respondents (n = 444). The results of the research made it possible to determine which innovations were implemented by the municipality in question and to what extent they were important or for the residents. The main finding of the survey is that residents of the municipal housing stock consider the innovations implemented by the municipality to be important.

Trends in 3D cadastre – A literature survey

The formation and alteration of real property and rights, restrictions and responsibilities are important parts of land administration. Research on the distribution of publications in the three-dimensional (3D) cadastral domain has been in focus as a specialised part of real property research during the last decades. A number of literature surveys on research trends in the domain show a growing number of publications during the last decades. The number of publications have increased considerably within a range of topics, classified into legal, technical, registration and organisational categories of 3D property. The purpose of the research presented here is to contribute to these analyses of the number and thematic distribution of the 3D cadastral domain literature by analysing three aspects: 1) To add to the recent study by including 3D cadastre publications published during 2021 (Paasch and Paulsson, 2021a, 2021b); 2) To briefly analyse the classification of 3D cadastre research in technical programmes and proceedings of major conferences focussing, in total or in part, on 3D cadastre. 3) The results are used to contribute to the discussion regarding if the 3D cadastral domain is too diverse today to talk about a single 3D cadastral domain. An input to the discussion of what constitutes a domain is provided from an analysis of another land administration research topic that is often addressed in relation to 3D real property research; the international standard for land administration, the Land Administration Domain Model, LADM, ISO 19152.

PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR FUNDAMENTAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN

This research was conducted with the aim of empirically testing the effect of investment decisions, funding decisions and profitability on company value for the period 2018 - 2021. The research area was carried out in real estate and property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
 The type of data used is secondary data in the form of financial reports of Real Estate and Property companies that Go Public on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2018 to 2021. The data used are published financial reports. The data was obtained from the IDX website: www.idx.id published in 2018 – 2021. The analytical method used is descriptive statistical analysis and classical assumption tests. The analytical method used to test the hypothesis is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that investment decisions have no effect on firm value, this is evidenced by the value of t = -0.371 with a significance of 0.711 > of error tolerance = 0.05. Funding decisions have an effect on firm value, this is evidenced by the value of t = 2.101 with a significance of 0.038 < of the error tolerance = 0.05. While profitability affects firm value, this is evidenced by the value of t = -3.535 with a significance of 0.001 < of error tolerance = 0.05. Simultaneously investment decisions, funding decisions, and profitability affect firm value, seen from the value of F = 7.206 with a significance of 0.000. The R2 test results in this study were also obtained at 0.197. This shows 0.197. This shows that firm value is influenced by investment decisions, funding decisions and profitability by 19.7% while the remaining 80.3% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study.
 Keywords: Investment Decision, Funding Decision, Profitability and Value Company.

Until the Cows Come Home: Ancillary Probate Reform is Needed Across the Country to Better Serve Farmers and Ranchers

Property law has long established a difference between real and personal property. When an individual dies, if they owned real property in another state, they may be subject to the other state’s probate or estates code. This means that the decedent’s beneficiaries may have to probate the estate again in the secondary state’s courts if the statutes state that is a requirement. This secondary probate proceeding is called ancillary probate. This Article aims to show the negative effects that ancillary probate has on certain people and industries. Specifically, ancillary probate is a problem that negatively affects farmers and ranchers across the nation due to increased costs and time, problems with estate planning, and the effects it has on the individual needs of families. Because farming and ranching is a vital industry to the survival of the United States, reform is needed to increase uniformity across state codes. This Article demonstrates why uniformity will better serve those who farm and ranch when they own land in another state at the time of death. The original contribution to scholarship is showing how the effects of ancillary probate affect farmers and ranchers and proposing that states should adopt an estates code that mimics the Texas Estates Code. This Article urges states to not only adopt a code provision that better serves the farming and ranching industry but to adopt a provision that mimics Texas Estate Code sections. This Article shows why ancillary probate is an increasing problem for farmers and ranchers while also showing why this group is important to the country. It displays the importance of this group of people and why measures should be taken to protect their ability to be on the land and to farm. Lastly, this Article aims to encourage states to adopt a new provision by showing the negative effects that the current system has on this industry by highlighting necessities that are the product of this industry.

Measuring the economic impact of landslide hazard: hedonic price approach

One of the main climate-related disasters in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is landslides, which result in slope degradation through soil loss. The largest number of landslides was recorded in Kulonprogo regency. In the Samigaluh sub-district, where recent landslides resulted in the biggest number of displaced persons, this study seeks to determine the economic impacts of landslides. For this investigation, we used primary data gathered using a questionnaire. The systematic random sampling was utilized to choose households in the villages. The study uses a total of 300 residential households that were interviewed in landslide prone area of Samigaluh sub-district of Kulonprogo, Indonesia. The age of building, number of rooms, and building size as structural characteristic has correlation with property price, respectively. As shown by the hedonic pricing approach’s finding, there is a positive association between property price and the distance to landslide point as characteristic of neighborhood. The distance to the river was also have impact on the property price. More frequent the landslide, higher the property price. The findings of this study can assist property owners in understanding the elements that contribute to property devaluation as a result of landslides. Since landslides are a serious issue for real property owners, this study also suggests that landslide insurance programs be developed.

Sytuacja prawna nieruchomości służących zaspokajaniu potrzeb ludności miejskiej (próba podsumowania)

Summing up considerations presented in three previous papers the Author adds some thoughts concerning the problems omitted there (e.g. legal status of urban real properties situated beyond the scope of land designated for building purposes). He also gives his suggestions as to the new regulation and legal status of urban real properties designated for construction purposes and of summerhouse lots. Generally, the Author’s opinion of basic principles of such regulation is favorable but at the same time he also points out to the need of changes as far as some paricular solutions are concerned. According to the Author’s view several detailed solutions are too rigorous for the owners of real properties and do not guarantee the respect of their justified interests. In relation to summer-house lots the Author points out to the urgent need of regulating their legal status. The lack of such regulation causes many negative phenomena from the point of view of general interest as well as from the point of view of the interest of the growing number of citizens who wish to organize their individual recreation. Taking into consideration significant relation between the housing and recreation needs of urban population the Author suggests regulation of the problems of real properties designated for building purposes and those concerning summer-house lots in one normative act.

Własność działek budowlanych na terenach budownictwa jednorodzinnego i zagrodowego

During the first years after World War Two housing needs of the population of the cities were first of all fulfilled from the resources administered by state organs. The participation of the population in building of houses was rather insignificant.Constantly diminishing housing resources and — on the other hand — grouth of industrial and agricultural production, caused the increase of real incomes of the population and changes in the state policy in the domain of building of houses, so as to include the iniciative and private funds of the population to the degree higher than thus far into the process of building.In order to carry out new haousing policy it was necessary to provide proper land for building, among others, for building of one family houses. This problem was to be solved by the law of July 6, 1972 on land designated for building one family houses and individual cultivation, and on division of real properties in towns and settlements (Journal of Laws n° 27 entry 192, changes in the Journal of Laws of 1973 n° 48 entry 282).This article aims at presenting all the problems pointed out in the title, and especially the problem of interpretation of several laconic provisions of te law of July 6, 1972. The article brings the reader’s attention to the fact that the law does not regulate all the issues connected with urban building because beyond its scope there remain some important general problems of administration of land in towns, problems of spatial planning, carrying out of industrial investments, building for communal purposes, construction of houses for many families by housing cooperative societies, etc. The article discusses administrative proceedings aimed at designation of land for the purposes of one family houses construction and for individual cultivation by workers of State or cooperative farms, as well as distribution of lots (declaration of preservation of ownership, assignement of lots in ownership or in perpetual usufruct). It also presents judicial proceedings and proceedings before state notarial offices in cases dealing with real properties and decisions designating land for purposes of such building.A critical opinion of the Author on several regulations contained in the law is also presented. Among others this concerns article 8 linea 3 which discriminates co-owners of real properties situated on building land if co-ownership, does not result from succession or cessation of joint property of husband and wife, and article 9 linea 1 which allows to assing a lot only to a young person of age or to a grandchild of the owner of real property which was included into the land designated for building.The final part contains some suggestions as to appropriateness of introducing some changes into the provisions now binding, also as far a appropriateness of regulating all the issues concerning land in the towns i one legal act.

Dream House Price Predictor

Abstract: The dream house price predictor project aims to build a machine learning model that can predict the selling price of a house based on various features such as location, number of bedrooms, square footage, and other relevant factors. The model will be trained on a dataset of historical housing prices and features, and will use regression techniques to make predictions on new, unseen data. The project will also explore the impact of different features on house prices and provide insights into which factors are the most important in determining the value of a property. The goal of the project is to provide a tool for homebuyers, sellers, and real estate professionals to better understand the market and make informed decisions. The Dream House Price Predictor project is aimed at predicting the prices of residential properties based on various features such as location, size, number of bedrooms, and other amenities. The project uses a dataset of real estate transactions and employs machine learning algorithms to build a predictive model. The model is trained on the historical data and tested on a validation set to ensure its accuracy. The results of the project can be used by real estate agents, property buyers, and sellers to make informed decisions about pricing and investment opportunities. This project demonstrates the potential of machine learning to assist in the real estate market and provides a valuable tool for predicting property prices.