Real Feedback Research Articles

Obesity does not influence acetabular component accuracy when using a 3D optical computer navigation system

IntroductionImproper cup positioning and leg length discrepancy (LLD) are two of the most common errors following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and are associated with potentially significant consequences. Obesity is associated with increased risk of mechanical complications, including dislocations, which may be secondary to cup malposition and failure to restore leg length and offset. 3D Optical Camera computerassisted navigation (CAN) system may reduce the risk of component malposition and LLD with real time intraoperative feedback. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of CAN influences acetabular component placement (CP) accuracy and leg length restoration in obese (body mass index(BMI)≥35kg/m 2 ) patients undergoing primary THA. MethodsA multi-center retrospective review was conducted identifying consecutive THA cases with BMI > 35kg/m 2 using CAN (Intellijoint Hip, Waterloo, CA) from 2015-2019. These patients were then matched with patients undergoing conventional THA (control) at a 1:1 ratio according to BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and gender. TraumaCad™ software (Brainlab, Chicago, IL) was used to measure cup anteversion, inclination, and change (Δ) in LLD between pre- and postoperative radiographic images. The safety target zones used as reference for precision analysis of CP were 15°-30° for anteversion and 30°-50° for inclination. Results176 patients were included: 88 CAN and 88 control cases. CAN cases were found to have a lower ΔLLD than controls (3.53±2.12mm vs. 5.00±4.05mm; p=0.003). Additionally, more CAN cases fell within the target safe zone than controls (83% vs.60%, p=0.00083). ConclusionOur findings suggest that the use of a CAN system may be more precise in component placement, and useful in facilitating the successful restoration of preoperative leg length following THA than conventional methodology.

Social Feedback During Sensorimotor Synchronization Changes Salivary Oxytocin and Behavioral States.

In humans and animal models, oxytocin increases social closeness, attachment and prosocial behaviors, while decreasing anxiety and stress levels. Efficiently triggering the release of endogenous oxytocin could serve as a powerful therapeutic intervention for disorders of social behavior and for anxiety. We designed a new version of a social sensorimotor synchronization task to investigate the role of social approval in inducing biochemical and psychological changes following behavioral synchrony in a sample of 80 college students. Social approval in the form of real time positive feedback increased well-being only in women, while increasing social closeness in both genders. Social disapproval in the form of real time negative feedback prevented a decrease in stress levels that otherwise women reported following engagement in either social or non-social synchronization. Surprisingly, for certain personality traits, negative social feedback during sensorimotor synchronization was psychologically beneficial irrespective of gender. Salivary oxytocin levels increased only in women after the social but not the non-social synchronization tasks. Oxytocin dynamics were independent of the type of real time feedback that subjects received, indicating the existence of distinct mechanisms for hormonal versus behavioral changes following synchronization. Nevertheless, changes in salivary oxytocin after positive social feedback correlated with changes in well-being and predicted changes in prosocial attitudes. Our findings show evidence of distinct mechanisms for behavioral versus hormonal changes following social sensorimotor synchronization, and indicate that gender and personality traits should be carefully considered when designing behavioral therapies for improving social attitudes and for stress management.

IQ-CPR Meter for Chest Compression Monitoring During Simulated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; a Comparative Study.

Adequate chest compression is crucial for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). There are several chest compression monitoring devices with different costs. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement rate of Improved Quality of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation meter (IQ-CPR meter) and automated external defibrillator (AED) in chest compression quality monitoring. In this comparative study, participants were instructed to perform chest compression on the CPR manikins with the set rate of 110 times/minute for two minutes. The CPR manikins had two monitors: AED (R series®, Zoll company) and IQ-CPR meter. AED showed the depth and speed of chest compression on the screen, while IQ-CPR meter showed the depth of each chest compression by color light for quality of chest compression depth. Video-based analysis was used to compare the chest compression quality monitoring between the 2 devices. There were 27 participants in the study with a mean age and body mass index (standard deviation; SD) of 26.00 (5.65) years, and 22.93 (3.62) kg/m2 (70.37% male). The median (1st to 3rd quartile range) of chest compression experience was 3 (1.00-6.50) years. The mean (SD) of chest compression rate was 107 (5.29) times/minute. Based on Cohen's Kappa correlation, agreement between the IQ-CPR meter and the AED was 66.54%. The IQ-CPR meter had fair agreement with the computerized chest compression monitoring device with lower cost and simple, real time audiovisual feedback.

Development of a broad band AC power amplifier for real time turbulence feedback control experiment in the Saskatchewan Torus-modified (STOR-M) tokamak.

A gated oscillating power amplifier has been developed for high frequency biasing and real time turbulent feedback experiments in the Saskatchewan Torus-modified tokamak. This oscillator is capable of providing a peak to peak oscillating output voltage of around ±60 V with a current around 30 A within the frequency band 1 kHz-50 kHz without any distortions. The overall output power is amplified by a two-stage metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor power op-amp as well as nine identical push-pull amplifiers in the final stages. The power amplifier input signal, collected from the plasma floating potential during the tokamak discharge, is optically isolated from the tokamak vessel ground. The filtered floating potential fluctuations with a band width of 5 kHz-40 kHz were amplified and fed to an electrode inserted into the plasma edge to study the response of the plasma turbulence. We observe that magnetic fluctuations are suppressed due to real time feedback of the floating potential.

Development of an edge computing-based cyber-physical machine tool

Abstract Digital twin is a virtual model that represents physical entities in a digital manner. By leveraging means of data to simulate the behavior of physical entities in the real environment, the functions of physical entities can be optimized and expanded, through virtual and real interaction feedback, data fusion, decision making, and optimization. Despite numerous researches on digital twin concept and its applications, scarcely any discusses about the computation efficiency of the twin established. In order to shorten the latency of mapping and reduce the high computation workload in the cloud, this paper develops a cyber-physical machine tool based on edge computing techniques, to realize remote sensing, real-time monitoring and scalable high-performance digital twin application. Furthermore, a novel edge computing algorithm is proposed to detect the abnormality of the edge data from two aspects: the unary outliers of the edge data itself and the multivariate parameter correlation among edge devices. The effectiveness of the application platform of the cyber-physical machine tool developed is verified by the prototype system and edge algorithm experiment.

A content-based recommender system for choosing universities

Recommender system (RS) is a knowledge discovery and decision-making system that has been extensively used in a myriad of applications to assist people in making distinct choices from vast sources. This paper proposes a recommendation system that will help the prospective students of Bangladesh in choosing the most suitable private universities for getting admission. Since selecting the best private university does not depend merely on a few criteria or choices and making a decision considering all those criteria is not an easy task, a recommendation system can be of great assistance in this scenario for the prospective students. In this proposed recommendation system a list of top-K private universities is recommended to the students who are willing to get admitted to the private universities using content-based filtering technique. To attain this goal we considered six parameters, namely grade point average (GPA) of secondary school certificate (SSC) examination, GPA of higher secondary certificate (HSC) examination, total GPA, tuition fees, university ratings, and university rankings. Finally, we evaluated the system with a total of 947 real feedback from prospective students and obtained the accuracies of 89.05%, 95.85%, 48%, 92.32%, and 71.93% using 5 different performance metrics: precision, recall, specificity, F1 score, and balanced accuracy, respectively.

Style and fit customization: a web content mining approach to evaluate online mass customization experiences

PurposeThis study intends to examine consumers' fashion customization experiences through a web content mining (WCM) approach. By applying the theory of customer value, this study explores the benefits and costs of two levels of mass customization (MC) to identify the values derived from style (i.e. shoe customization) and fit customization experiences (i.e. apparel customization) and further to compare the dominating dimensions of value derived across style and fit customization.Design/methodology/approachA WCM approach was applied. Also, two case studies were conducted with one focusing on style customization and the other focusing on fit customization. The brand Vans was selected to examine style customization in study 1. The brand Sumissura was selected to examine fit customization in study 2. Consumers' comments on customization experiences from these two brands were collected through social networks, respectively. After data cleaning, 394 reviews for Vans and 510 reviews for Sumissura were included in the final data analysis. Co-occurrence plots, feature extraction and grouping were used for the data analysis.FindingsThe emotional value was found to be the major benefit for style customization, while the functional value was indicated as the major benefit for fit customization, followed by ease of use and emotional value. In addition, three major themes of costs, including unsatisfied service, disappointing product performance and financial risk, were revealed by excavating and evaluating consumers' feedback of their actual clothing customization experiences with Sumissura.Originality/valueThis study initiates the effort to use web mining, specifically, the WCM approach to thoroughly investigate the benefits and costs of MC through real consumers' feedback of two different types of fashion products. The analysis of this study also reflects the levels of customization: style and fit. It provides an in-depth text analysis of online MC consumers' feedback through the use of feature extraction analysis and word co-occurrence networks.

Potential Motor Benefits of Visual Feedback of Error Reduction for Older Adults.

This study investigated how visual feedback of virtual error reduction (ER) modified the visuomotor performance of older adults with limited attentional capacity. Error structures of young and older adults during birhythmic force tracking were contrasted when the visualized error size was exact or half of the actual size. As compared with full-size error feedback, ER feedback improved the force tracking symmetry of older adults, but undermined that of young adults. Extended Poincaré analysis revealed that young adults presented greater short-term error variability (mean value of κ-lagged SD1 of the error signal) with ER feedback, which led to a smaller mean value of κ-lagged SD1 of the error signal for older adults. The ER-related task improvement of the older adults was negatively correlated with the size of the tracking errors with real error feedback and positively correlated with ER-related increases in force spectral symmetry and decreases in the mean value of κ-lagged SD1 of the error signal. ER feedback could advance visuomotor tasks for older adults who perform worse with full-size visual feedback by the enhancement of self-efficacy and stabilization of negative internal feedback.

Visual feedback from a virtual body modulates motor illusion induced by tendon vibration.

Frequency-specific tendon vibration (TV) elicits illusory kinesthetic sensations around the vibrated body parts. Studies indicate that vision plays a fundamental role in modulating such illusions. In our current study, we used immersive virtual reality (IVR) to investigate the role of body-related visual feedback in modulating illusory sensation of movement in the left arm. Thirty healthy participants were asked to evaluate the onset of motor illusion and four illusion-related features (vividness, duration, extension andaftereffect), in the presence and absence of real and virtual visual feedback. Additionally, subjective reports of the embodiment illusion (the sense of embodying a virtual surrogate) were collected in virtual conditions. Results showed a progressive decrease in the perception of the motor illusion along a continuum ranging from the absence of visual feedback (maximal illusory perception) to the observation of one's own real arm (minimal illusory perception). Interestingly, the appearance of the virtual limbs affected the movement illusion differently. Specifically, TV evoked a stronger kinesthetic illusion when observing the virtual handdetached from thelimb than during the observation of the virtual full limb and virtual object. This suggests that a closer visual resemblance between the virtual and real limb results in a greater effect on proprioceptive processing. However, no significant correlation was found between the illusion of arm movement and the illusion of embodiment, indicating that the two phenomena may not be directly related. These findings provide new insight into the role of body-related visual feedback in modulating motor illusions.

Accrual accounting and public finance reforms in Hungary: the study of application in the public sector

Introduction. The increasing measurability of performances in the public sector in the countries of the post-soviet region, including Hungary, has come to the limelight in recent decades. Accrual accounting, adopted in Hungary in 2014 on the recommendation of the European Union, provides decision-makers with reliable information and simultaneously improves transparency in spending. Purpose and Methodology. This study focuses on the impacts and synergies of the parallel comprehensive reforms in the public finances and the adoption of the accrual accounting system. We conducted an empirical research among 2425 budgetary organisations (during June 2018 - January 2019) and analysed the correlation between the variables with cross-table analysis. Our survey covered 19.1 per cent of all the budget organisations in Hungary. Thus, thanks to the sample size the survey results analysis gives a comprehensive view of the entire country based on the real feedback regarding the implementation of the new practices. Results. In the course of the survey, the organisations were asked to describe how they were affected by the transition to the new accounting system, how they had prepared for the statutory changes and compliance, what additional tasks the adoption of the new system required of them, and how they evaluated the impacts of the application of accrual accounting after five years. The inquiry focussed on the impact this new accrual-based accounting system had on the business management of the given organisation and thus the efficient use of public funds. The results confirm that the historical background and the peculiarities of managing public funds in a country should also be taken into account during the adoption of reforms along with thorough preparation. Our research also sheds light on the fact that the successful 2014 adoption of accrual accounting could achieve its full purpose in an environment ensured by comprehensive public finance reforms and laws adopted after 2010. In other words, the precondition of enforcing the new rules of accrual accounting applied in the public sector included the reinforcement of budgetary regulation and control procedures. Conclusion. The study reports more favourable public sector procedures, proves that the adoption of accrual accounting has been justified and that the higher focus on performance and efficiency achieved through accrual accounting is important.

Testing the influence of real-time performance feedback on employees in digital services

PurposeWhile digital media changed the nature of communication in service contexts, often allowing customers to interact instantly with service providers, the implications and opportunities for managing service employees are widely unknown. This is surprising, given that service employees are an important determinant of service firms’ success. This article examines the effects of real-time performance feedback on employees’ service performance and investigates both how and under what conditions timely feedback encourages employees’ engagement.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments test the conceptual model and the proposed hypotheses. A field experiment uses real customer feedback gathered after interaction with the app-chat of a large telecommunications provider. It tests the effect of feedback timing on service employees’ performance and also examines the effect of feedback timing on their engagement. A subsequent scenario-based experiment then investigates the influence of selected moderators on the feedback timing–engagement relationship.FindingsThis article finds that real-time feedback leads to greater service performance than subsequent feedback. Furthermore, real-time feedback positively affects service employee engagement through the perceived controllability of the feedback and the service situation. Finally, feedback valence, task goals, individuals’ need for closure (NCL), and gender interact with feedback timing to influence employee engagement.Originality/valueThis research investigates the potential of real-time performance feedback for service firms, combines and extends a variety of literature streams, and provides recommendations for the future management of service employees.

Research on Urban Distribution Network Planning and Optimization Measures Based on Real 3D Scenes

With the continuous advancement of smart grid construction, the structure of the power grid is becoming increasingly large and complex, and it is increasingly difficult to adapt to the requirements of grid development using traditional 3D drawings for grid design and operation and maintenance. The emerging 3D real-world modeling technology can visually and comprehensively display terrain, landforms, equipment appearance dimensions, wiring methods and other information. To promote the application of real-world 3D scene technology, electric power companies have repeatedly carried out 3D design of power grid projects and construction of data centers Optimized distribution network planning. Realize the linkage of real-world 3D scene plan maps, building information models, etc. through geographic connections, provide real feedback on site conditions, reduce the number of site surveys, save manpower and resources, and effectively implement urban power distribution network planning.

Utilização do software Plickers® como ferramenta para medir a efetividade do aprendizado durante as aulas de Estatística

O Plickers® é uma ferramenta tecnológica utilizada para medir a efetividade do aprendizado dos alunos, sendo classificada como um Classroom Response. Por ser considerada útil e ágil para medir o real feedback do aprendizado, foi utilizada nas turmas nas disciplinas de Estatística I e Estatística II do curso de Administração e nas disciplinas de Estatística dos cursos de Engenharia de Produção e Ciências Contábeis de um Centro Universitário da Zona da Mata Mineira. Nas disciplinas citadas, a ferramenta foi integrada às aulas por meio da metodologia Peer Instruction (PI), na qual os alunos aprendem com seus pares. Desta forma o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a utilização do software Plickers® como ferramenta para medir a efetividade do aprendizado durante as aulas de estatística, verificando sua real aplicabilidade e aceitação pelos alunos. Os dados coletados e analisados são de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, se tratando de uma pesquisa de campo. A ferramenta foi bem aceita pelos alunos, que instantaneamente se mostraram mais interessados pelas aulas e pela nova tecnologia, como demonstram os resultados. O fato de cada aluno possuir um cartão resposta, de uso exclusivo, faz com que a omissão dos alunos, no momento de responder a uma questão proposta pelo professor seja inexistente; dessa forma, isso deixa de ser um problema na sala de aula, o professor tem, de forma rápida, o real diagnóstico de aprendizado de seus alunos, isso permite que medidas possam ser tomadas, quando o aprendizado possa ser considerado insatisfatório. A ferramenta permite a dinamicidade durante as aulas, permitindo que o professor tome decisões e caminhos que possam reverter situações insatisfatórias.

Real and imagined sensory feedback have comparable effects on action anticipation

The forward model monitors the success of sensory feedback to an action and links it to an efference copy originating in the motor system. The Readiness Potential (RP) of the electroencephalogram has been denoted as a neural signature of the efference copy. An open question is whether imagined sensory feedback works similarly to real sensory feedback. We investigated the RP to audible and imagined sounds in a button-press paradigm and assessed the role of sound complexity (vocal vs. non-vocal sound).Sensory feedback (both audible and imagined) in response to a voluntary action modulated the RP amplitude time-locked to the button press. The RP amplitude increase was larger for actions with expected sensory feedback (audible and imagined) than those without sensory feedback, and associated with N1 suppression for audible sounds. Further, the early RP phase was increased when actions elicited an imagined vocal (self-voice) compared to non-vocal sound.Our results support the notion that sensory feedback is anticipated before voluntary actions. This is the case for both audible and imagined sensory feedback and confirms a role of overt and covert feedback in the forward model.

Neurofeedback-Linked Suppression of Cortical β Bursts Speeds Up Movement Initiation in Healthy Motor Control: A Double-Blind Sham-Controlled Study.

Abnormally increased β bursts in cortical-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits are associated with rigidity and bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease. Increased β bursts detected in the motor cortex have also been associated with longer reaction times (RTs) in healthy participants. Here we further hypothesize that suppressing β bursts through neurofeedback training can improve motor performance in healthy subjects. We conducted a double-blind sham-controlled study on 20 human volunteers (10 females) using a sequential neurofeedback-behavior task with the neurofeedback reflecting the occurrence of β bursts over sensorimotor cortex quantified in real time. The results show that neurofeedback training helps healthy participants learn to volitionally suppress β bursts in the sensorimotor cortex, with training being accompanied by reduced RT in subsequent cued movements. These changes were only significant in the real feedback group but not in the sham group, confirming the effect of neurofeedback training over simple motor imagery. In addition, RTs correlated with the rate and accumulated duration of β bursts in the contralateral motor cortex before the go-cue, but not with averaged β power. The reduced RTs induced by neurofeedback training positively correlated with reduced β bursts across all tested hemispheres. These results strengthen the link between the occurrence of β bursts in the sensorimotor cortex before the go-cue and slowed movement initiation in healthy motor control. The results also highlight the potential benefit of neurofeedback training in facilitating voluntary suppression of β bursts to speed up movement initiation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This double-blind sham-controlled study suggested that neurofeedback training can facilitate volitional suppression of β bursts in sensorimotor cortex in healthy motor control better than sham feedback. The training was accompanied by reduced reaction time (RT) in subsequent cued movements, and the reduced RT positively correlated with the level of reduction in cortical β bursts before the go-cue, but not with average β power. These results provide further evidence of a causal link between sensorimotor β bursts and movement initiation and suggest that neurofeedback training could potentially be used to train participants to speed up movement initiation.

A brain-computer interface for the continuous, real-time monitoring of working memory load in real-world environments.

We developed a brain-computer interface (BCI) able to continuously monitor working memory (WM) load in real-time (considering the last 2.5s of brain activity). The BCI is based on biomarkers derived from spectral properties of non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), subsequently classified by a linear discriminant analysis classifier. The BCI was trained on a visual WM task, tested in a real-time visual WM task, and further validated in a real-time cross task (mental arithmetic). Throughout each trial of the cross task, subjects were given real or sham feedback about their WM load. At the end of the trial, subjects were asked whether the feedback provided was real or sham. The high rate of correct answers provided by the subjects validated not only the global behaviour of the WM-load feedback, but also its real-time dynamics. On average, subjects were able to provide a correct answer 82% of the time, with one subject having 100% accuracy. Possible cognitive and motor confounding factors were disentangled to support the claim that our EEG-based markers correspond indeed to WM.

Digital Self-Reporting of Pain Improves Postoperative Pain Management

Background: Many patients have moderate or severe pain after surgery. Opioids are the cornerstone of treating severe pain after surgery but cause problems when continued long after discharge. We investigated the efficacy of software (Mserv) for real time patient feedback on pain to improve postoperative pain control and reduce opioid prescription at discharge. Methods: We recruited 234 patients to a prospective cohort study into sequential groups in a non-randomised manner, 1 day post major thoracic or urological surgery. Group 1 underwent standard care (SC, n=102), group 2 had a multifunctional device that fed back to nursing staff alone (DN), n=66) and group 3 had a device that fed back to both nursing staff and the acute pain team (DNPT, n=66). Pain scores were recorded at 24 and 48 hours and patient reported time in severe pain, medications and satisfaction were recorded on discharge. Findings: Odds of having poor or borderline pain control (≥2/4 on pain scale) was calculated between standard care (SC) and device groups (DN & DNPT). DNPT patients were significantly less likely to have borderline or poor pain control at 24 hours (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.70). Patient-reported time in severe pain at 48 hours was improved in both device groups (DN OR 0.61 95% CI 0.44 to 0.83, DNPT OR 0.54 95% CI 0.39 to 0.75). DNPT patients were three times less likely to be prescribed strong opioids on discharge (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.95). Interpretation: Using a device to report pain scores rather than standard care reduced the incidence of poor or borderline pain control in the post-operative period and reduced opioid prescription on discharge from hospital. Funding Statement: This work was supported by the Technology Strategy Board (TP102112) with the support of UCL Business. Declaration of Interests: UCL Business (on behalf of UCLH) are in collaboration with HealthTech IT LLP and Mvine Ltd for the future development of this software (MServ). Ethics Approval Statement: The study received ethics approval from the local Research & Ethics Committee (IRAS reference: 184823).

The Effect of Time-Dependent Drive and Delayed Feedback Loop in Two-Dimensional Gene Regulatory Network

The gene regulatory network within a cell plays a major role in controlling the embryonic development and cellular differentiation process. Recent advances in reprogramming a differentiated cell back to a pluripotent cell fate has rekindled interest in a quantitative understanding of the epigenetic landscape describing cellular differentiation. Reprogramming is a complex multistep process, involving multiple feedback loops. While the importance of feedback loops is well appreciated, most models assume instantaneous feedback, while real biological feedback often involves a time delay between the signal and the response. In the present work, we propose a theoretical model based on a two-gene regulatory motif to investigate the role of time delay in the regulation of gene expression level. In particular, we focus on the interplay between time-delayed feedback loops and time-dependent external chemical drive and their effect on dynamics. We observed that the concentration of the two transcription factors can undergo sustained oscillations and we speculate that this oscillatory state may provide an explanation of certain puzzling experiments on the reprogramming process. We also observe transdifferentiation-like behavior, where one differentiated state transitions to another without passing through an intermediate stem cell state, which phenomenon has also been observed in experiments.

From Failure to Excellence: A Capa Plan for Improving CIBMTR Data Submission

Topic Significance & Study Purpose/Background/Rationale Transplant centers that maintain membership in the Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplantation Research (CIMBTR) are required to submit clinical treatment and patient outcome data. To ensure data integrity, the CIMBTR performs audits of submitted data. The audit benchmark is to have a data reporting error rate that is less than or equal to three percent (≤3%) on Transplant Essential Data (TED) and other selected forms. Adverse consequences are instituted if repeated audit failures occur. Audits at our center in 2007, 2011, and 2015 all exceeded the CIMBTR benchmark (>3%). Corrective action plans were implemented after each audit; however, they were not fully completed or successful. Methods, Intervention, & Analysis After the third audit failure in 2015, a systemic review of the data reporting process was performed by the BMT Clinical Nurse Specialist, Research Nurse and Data Manager. Deficiencies were identified in numerous areas: inadequate staffing for data management, lack of ongoing training/development of the data manager, lack of retention of critical documents in the shadow charts, infrequent consultation with content experts, poor design of physical space for storage, and conversion from a paper-based medical records system to an electronic medical record (EMR). A comprehensive corrective action/preventive action plan (CAPA) was implemented to improve the data reporting process and decrease the error reporting rate. The following actions influenced a reduction in errors: structured shadow charts; additional data management support, expansive training of a new data manager, robust internal audit process, and re-commitment by medical staff as content experts for disease-based and GVHD reporting. Findings & Interpretation Internal audits demonstrated improvement over the next three years. A formal audit by CIMBTR in 2019 demonstrated an overall audit error rate of less than one percent ( Discussion & Implications We found the focused use of TED form instructions, extensive auditing and real time audit feedback to be beneficial. The key factor of success for improvement in the data reporting process and subsequent decreased error rate was collaborative work of multiple team members from multiple disciplines within the transplant program.

Modelling the Indicators of Environmental Risk for Fitness Activities

The fitness industry has developed vigorously in recent years, and nationwide fitness programs have drawn wide public attention; however, researchers have rarely paid attention to this issue, resulting in poor construction of the theory of fitness behavior risks. This study used the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method to analyze the weight of risk indexes in public fitness with the aim of analyzing the importance of the various risk indexes in fitness, in order to provide fitness enterprises with a basis for the environmental maintenance of fitness venues. A total of 5 questionnaires were distributed through real feedback from sports researchers, fitness coaches, medical personnel and participants. Relevant risk indexes are divided into behavioral risk, environmental risk, equipment risk and awareness risk. Based on the relevant risk indexes in previous literature, this study made proper adjustments to the indexes. Experts completed the questionnaire and the FAHP method was adopted to calculate the weight of each index, thus, highlighting the importance of each index. The research results may serve as a reference for enterprises to make investments in national fitness programs, and for the public to select fitness venues.