Readymade Garments Sector Of Bangladesh Research Articles

The Impact of Workplace Safety Practices on Employee Intention to Stay in the RMG Sector of Bangladesh: Moderating Role of Employee Safety Training

Workplace safety practices in the RMG sector are the demand of the current time. This sector is significantly contributing to the economy is still facing safety problems in Bangladesh. It examines the impact of safety practices on employee retention, with a focus on the moderating effect of safety training. Safety practices encompass fire safety, equipment, and machinery safety. A conceptual framework has been developed to measure workplace safety practices and then its impact on employee retention and has been drawn with the moderating effect of employee safety training. The target population comprised readymade garments (RMG) employees of Dhaka city specially employed in Savar, Gazipur, and Ashulia. Data from 230 Dhaka-based RMG employees were collected through a non-probability convenience sampling technique, employing 28 self-administered questionnaires. Based on the study findings, it was evident that there was a positive and significant connection between the fire safety practices and employee intention to stay scoring .464(r=.464**). In addition, the interaction adds a significant 11.9% to the explanatory power of Fire safety practices when safety training is added with it. The study further showed a correlation value between Safety Equipment and Employee Intention to stay which was .409 (r=.409**). Additionally, in the later phase, the interaction increases the capacity for explanation of the independent variables by a statistically significant 10.2% associated with R2 change (0.102). Another independent variable that was machinery safety was found to have a positively directed relationship with employee intention to stay with a correlation coefficient of .478 (r=478**). Later on, it was evident that the explanatory power of independent variables (main variables) changed significantly by 34.9% when machinery safety practices and safety training were included as a main variable. This research offers insights for HR professionals and managers in enhancing workplace safety and employee outcomes, potentially opening new research avenues.

Mandatory adoption of technology: Can UTAUT2 model capture managers behavioral intention?

In Bangladeshi ready-made garment (RMG) and textile sectors, technology-driven compliance standards are primarily imported directly from foreign buyers' corporate social responsibility (CSR) where managers do not have enough scope of involvement, engagement, or active authority. They neither have selection freedom nor adoption willingness. The aim of this exploratory research is to understand managers' perceptions around accepting these imposed technology-driven compliance standards in the name of safety through an empirical study of the RMG sector in Bangladesh. We have used the extended framework of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) model with certain modifications. After analyzing data through structural equation modeling (SEM), a modified theoretical framework was revealed to capture managers' behavioral intention toward a complex technological system that does not automatically arise from self-willingness; rather it is mandatory acceptance. Based on this knowledge, we recommend that the UTAUT2 model be extended and revised to capture this kind of mandatory adoption of technology. The findings of this research can provide deep and effective knowledge and experience to international buyers in the RMG sector, global supply chain members, RMG factory owners, and government policymakers.

Identification of benefits from Integrated Management Systems (IMS) to achieve Sustainability: A Systematic Literature Review

In the pursuit of sustainable development within Bangladesh's Readymade Garment (RMG) sector, this study undertakes an analysis of the substantial advantages of deploying an Integrated Management System (IMS). Focusing on ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, OSHAS 18001:2007, and SA 8000:2014, the research illuminates the pivotal role of IMS in the context of this vital industry. The research methodology involved searching Google Scholar, Emerald, and Elsevier databases for IMS benefits from 2005 to 2022. Key IMS advantages were assessed through a questionnaire distributed to 248 representatives from 16 Bangladeshi RMG industry companies, resulting in 197 usable responses. The findings of this study reveal five major benefits of IMS in Bangladesh's RMG sector: improved resource utilization, reduced error and risk percentages, enhanced business sustainability, improved teamwork, and a reduction in duplications. This research offers both theoretical and practical implications. The study contributes to the literature by systematically reviewing IMS advantages and encourages managers to consider IMS for their organizations. Additionally, it provides valuable insights for decision-makers in formulating effective plans for IMS implementation, particularly in resource-constrained environments. Notably, this study holds significance due to its relatively unique focus on the major benefits of IMS implementation and can serve as a valuable guideline for IMS implementation in the RMG sector of developing countries.

Impact of Quota Withdrawn on the Textile and Clothing Industry of Bangladesh

The textile and clothing industry plays a significant role in the economy of Bangladesh. It acts as a key player in the progress of the country. At present, the export performance of the readymade garment sector is more than 80% of total exports and hence makes up about 12% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Bangladesh. Thus, the country’s development largely depends on this sector which is considered the backbone of Bangladesh. As the quota system under the Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA) phase greatly impacted the development process of the readymade garment sector in Bangladesh, many researchers disputed that after the abolition of the quota system, the growth of this sector might be hampered. Therefore, this study aims to find out the impact of quota withdrawal on the readymade garment (RMG) sector and, thereby, the roles of this sector to the economy of Bangladesh. For this purpose, the research has covered a period of twenty years as sample size, where ten years has been considered as the pre-MFA period and ten years as the post-MFA period. Being a quantitative study, comparative statements and descriptive statistics techniques have been used to determine the impact of quota withdrawal on the export performance of Bangladesh's textile and clothing sector. The evidence shows a smooth upward trend of textile and clothing exports towards the ten major countries in the world following the post-MFA period, and Bangladesh is registered as a significant export growth country following the withdrawal of MFA. Consequently, the arguments about the RMG sector concerning the textile and clothing industry that Bangladesh might not be able to compete in the global market during post-MFA periods proved wrong; thereby, this sector’s contribution to the economy is increasing progressively.

ASSESSING THE READINESS LEVEL OF RMG SECTOR OF BANGLADESH TOWARDS IMPLEMENTING INDUSTRY 4.0

Industry 4.0 is considered as the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and involves virtual and physical systems that are interconnected and collaborative in an autonomous way. The ready-made garments (RMG) sectors in Bangladesh have been undergoing a transition that encompasses the digitization of garment production processes. This research work provides the readiness assessment of the RMG sector of Bangladesh regarding industry 4.0 deployment. Industry 4.0 is a relatively advanced theory within the RMG factories, and it promotes the interest on how to make utilization of technologies included in the idea and take benefit from them as well. The study dilemma is that there is a limited amount of readiness assessments available that cover problems of interest. The research question has been created to assess the readiness level of the RMG sector in Bangladesh with regard to the application of Industry 4.0. The data collection and analysis techniques were adopted from the IMPULS model which is a foundation of the German Engineering Federation, VDMA (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau). The quantitative method of the IMPULS model was modified to address the study issue accordingly. The findings demonstrate that RMG factories are rated no higher than level two out of six levels (0-5). It indicates that they are in the emerging state of implementing Industry 4.0 and facing significant challenges, particularly in strategy formation and facility infrastructure to fulfill the demands of Industry 4.0. The conclusion is that a great portion of RMG factories of Bangladesh is at the beginner level. The beginner level is comparable to level 1, which indicates a low level of readiness. Lack of knowledge, limited government help, poor infrastructure, cheap labor availability, and high initial investment costs could all be the contributing factors toward a lower level of readiness.

Application of revised theory of planned behavior model to assess the readiness of circular economy in the RMG sector of Bangladesh

This study aimed to investigate the readiness of the ready-made garments (RMG) sector in one of the developing countries to implement circular economy (CE) practices, which involve reusing, remanufacturing, and recycling materials and products to create a sustainable and resilient future. To achieve this goal, the study applied the revised theory of planned behavior model (RTPB) and analyzed the data using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The study found that the basic elements of the TPB model, along with environmental commitment, green economic incentive, and firm maturity, can more effectively explain CE readiness than the original TPB model. The findings suggest that attitude, social pressure, green economic incentive, environmental commitment, and firm maturity significantly impact CE readiness. The results of this study have implications for policymakers in developing countries who seek to promote CE implementation in the RMG sector. By providing a unified framework to assess CE readiness, this study can help policymakers articulate strategic plans that prioritize environmental sustainability, economic benefits, and social responsibility. However, the study acknowledges that further research is needed to explore potential limitations and areas for improvement in this field.

Analyzing the key barriers of adopting Industry 4.0 in Bangladesh’s ready-made garment industry: an emerging economy example

PurposeSince Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is a new idea in Bangladesh, this study supports I4.0 adoption. Companies struggle to implement I4.0 and fully profit from the fourth industrial revolution’s digital transformation due to its novelty. Although barriers to I4.0 adoption are thoroughly studied, the literature has hardly examined the many aspects that are crucial for I4.0 adoption in Bangladesh’s Ready-Made Garment (RMG) industry. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers of adopting I4.0 in relation to Bangladesh’s RMG industries to enhance the adoption of I4.0 by developing a framework. Ultimately, the goal of this research is to improve the adoption of I4.0 in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThrough a comprehensive analysis of the existing research, this paper aims to reveal the barriers that must be overcome for I4.0 to be adopted. For evaluating those barriers, a decision analysis framework based on the combination of Delphi technique and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method has been developed. The use of DEMATEL has led to a ranking model of those barriers and a map of how the barriers are connected to each other.FindingsThe findings reveal that “I4.0 training”, “Lack of Motivation” and “Resistance to Change” are the most significant barriers for adopting Industry 4.0 in RMG sector of Bangladesh based on their prominence scores.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings will help the people who make decisions in the RMG industry of Bangladesh, such as company owners, managers and the executive body, come up with a plan for putting I4.0 practices into place successfully. The decision-making framework developed in this research can be utilized by the RMG industry of Bangladesh and other similar industries in developing countries to figure out how important each barrier is for them and how to get rid of them in order of importance.Originality/valueAs far as the authors are aware, there has not been a comprehensive study of the barriers inhibiting the adoption of I4.0 within the scope of Bangladeshi RMG industry. This work is the first to uncover these barriers and analyze them using the combination of Delphi technique and DEMATEL.

Empowering workers’ involvement: Unveiling the dynamics of communication, recognition, productivity, and decision-making in the RMG sector

Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between workers' perspectives on communication, recognition, productivity, and their involvement in the Readymade Garment (RMG) sector policymaking. Research Methodology: A sample of 226 individuals from the RMG sector in Bangladesh was surveyed using a well-designed questionnaire. The data were examined, and the study's hypotheses were tested, using the statistical program SPSS V.25. In IBM SPSS, the chi-square test and other statistical techniques were used to examine the data. The study investigates the relationship between the independent variables, including communication, employee recognition, and productivity, and the dependent variable, worker perception, using a conceptual framework. Results: There is a positive and significant relationship between employees' perceptions of communication and their involvement in the decision-making process. The study also shows that there is a positive and significant association between workers' perceptions of employee recognition, productivity, and involvement in decision-making in Bangladesh's RMG industry. Additionally, the organization's decision-making process is significantly impacted by employee participation. Limitations: While many studies examined the workers’ participation in decision-making in the various sectors, only a few studies have focused on the RMG sectors to explore the effects of communication, employee recognition, and productivity on the workers’ participation in decision-making. Contributions: The study reveals that the organization’s total effectiveness is reflected in how deeply workers are involved in decision-making. The degree of involvement is a key determining element since encouraging people to engage instead of just dragging them along is essential for enhancing performance and ensuring commitment.

Nutritional status of under-five aged children of ready-made garment workers in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.

The ready-made garment (RMG) sector is a significant contributor to the economic growth of Bangladesh, accounting for 10% of the country's GDP and more than 80% of its foreign exchange earnings. The workforce in this sector is predominantly made up of women, with 2.5 million women working in the industry. However, these women face numerous challenges in carrying out their culturally-expected household responsibilities, including childcare, due to severe resource constraints. As a result, the children of these working women have a higher incidence of malnutrition, particularly stunted growth. This study aims to identify the factors that contribute to stunting in children under the age of five whose mothers work in the RMG sector in Bangladesh. The study collected data from 267 female RMG workers in the Gazipur district of Bangladesh using a simple random sampling technique. Chi-square tests were used to determine the associations between the factors influencing child stunting, and Multinomial Logit Models were used to estimate the prevalence of these factors. The study found that the prevalence of moderate and severe stunting among the children of RMG workers living in the Gazipur RMG hub was 19% and 20%, respectively. The study identified several significant predictors of child stunting, including the mother's education level, nutritional knowledge, control over resources, receipt of antenatal care, household size, sanitation facilities, and childbirth weight. The study found that improving the mother's education level, increasing household size, and receiving antenatal care during pregnancy were important factors in reducing the likelihood of child stunting. For example, if a mother's education level increased from no education to primary or secondary level, the child would be 0.211 (0.071-0.627) and 0.384 (0.138-1.065) times more likely to have a normal weight and height, respectively, than to be moderately stunted. The study highlights the challenges faced by working women in the RMG sector, who often receive minimal wages and have limited access to antenatal care services. To address these challenges, the study recommends policies that support antenatal care for working-class mothers, provide daycare facilities for their children, and implement a comprehensive social safety net program that targets child nutrition. Improving the socioeconomic status of mothers is also critical to reducing child malnutrition in this population.

Sustainable supply chain management practices, dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage: Evidence from Bangladesh ready‐made garments industry

AbstractThe ready‐made garments (RMG) production industry in Bangladesh has achieved a major presence in the global fashion apparel supply chain particularly due to the competitive advantage (CA) primarily attributed to its' large pool of low cost labor. However, the competitiveness of this industry is under threat from other emerging economies that are rapidly becoming lower cost production sources. As a result the Bangladesh RMG sector is under pressure to find alternate sources of CA by introducing sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices along with improving the dynamic capabilities (DC) of the RMG manufacturers. However, the extant literature indicates that there is a dearth of sufficient empirical evidence on whether SSCM practices in combination with improvements in management and technological capabilities of such enterprises leads to gains in CA. In order to address the aforesaid gap, this study draws on the integration of the SSCM practices view and the DC view, to propose a set of relationships that posit that environmental, social, and economic sustainability measures of SSCM practices along with management and technological capabilities will have a significant influence on CA. The hypotheses are tested by applying structural equation modeling on a sample of 345 export‐oriented RMG manufacturers in Bangladesh. The findings indicate that influence of social sustainability, along with management and technological capabilities, on CA is positive and significant. While the relationship between environmental and economic sustainability and CA were not significant.

Impact of Wages and Social Compliance on Employee Job Satisfaction in the Readymade Garments Industry of Bangladesh: The Mediating Role of Employee Motivation

Despite rapid expansion, the ready-made garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh is struggling to keep its workers satisfied. The purpose of this research is to examine the intermediary function of employee motivation in the relationship between wages and social compliance and job satisfaction in Bangladesh’s RMG sector. This study’s overarching goal is to examine the mediating function of employee motivation in the connection between wages, social compliance, employee motivation, and employee job satisfaction in the RMG sector of Bangladesh. This study uses a quantitative methodology, collecting data from 475 workers in the Bangladeshi garments sector, and analyzes it with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and SmartPLS 4.0 was used for statistical analysis. The results show that wages and social compliance have a beneficial influence on worker drive and contentment. In addition, in the RMG sector of Bangladesh, the connection between pay, societal conformity, and job satisfaction is mediated by employees’ levels of motivation. The study suggests that RMG factories should focus on providing fair wages and ensuring social compliance to improve employee motivation and job satisfaction. Additionally, it is recommended that management should encourage employee motivation through training and development programs, recognition, and rewards to enhance job satisfaction.

IS THE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF READYMADE GARMENTS FACTORIES EFFECTIVE IN ACHIEVING THE PROJECTED OUTCOME, STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY? A STUDY ON BANGLADESH

Performance management of employees is a significant function of modern human resource management practices. This paper tried to measure the effectiveness of the performance management system (PMS) of some selected Readymade Garment (RMG) factories with the aim to develop a tailored PMS for the management employees. Opinions of 266 employees were considered in this study and one-sample "t-test” was used to test twenty-four hypotheses developed through an extensive literature review. The study found efficiency of the RMGs in attaining the projected outcome of PMS. This paper is one of the pioneers in regards to RMG sector of Bangladesh and the research outcome of which will contribute to enriching the existing body of knowledge of employee performance management in this sector.

Business Trend Analysis of RMG Industry in Context of Bangladesh-A Case Study

Bangladesh has made a tremendous contribution to RMG (Ready Made Garment) sector since the 1970s. Textiles and apparels consider for about 85% of the total export earnings of Bangladesh. Though it’s quite difficult to mete out the dimension of performance and objection of the RMG sector in Bangladesh but to fulfill the task this study has made a search based on the study of attainable documents. The beauty of this study lies in its way of narration, a sequential way of description. The study discovers that since its inception, the RMG industry contributed significantly to our economy especially during the last three decades. The cross-check analysis has been conducted to compare the last three decades’ export of RMG, specific garments export, GDP, market share, etc to get a lucid idea of the business trend of the RMG industry. These initiatives focus more on the establishment of sound structure, skilled manpower, enhanced market access, access to finance at the competitive interest rate, adaptation with advanced technology as well as institutional development. Therefore, both public and private sectors need to take several preliminaries, independently and collaboratively to overcome these challenges. Moreover, to take control and reserve the golden share of RMG, assured branding needs to be expansive.

Green Human Resource Management Practice in Bangladesh Readymade Garments Industries

Green Human Resource management (GHRM) is not commonly practiced in the ready-Made Garments (RMG) sectors in Bangladesh. Only a few factories practiced the GHRM and they achieved many international awards as well as developed their business rapidly. RMG sector in Bangladesh could benefit from implementing GHRM and establishing sustainable development. This is the quantitative analysis and random sampling methods used to select the garments factories and representatives. Ten garments industries were randomly selected . Five managers were selected from different departments in each garments factory. They informed that the many obstacles to GHRM practices in the RMG sector in Bangladesh. The researcher found some major obstacles like organizational support, inadequate turnover of managerial interests, high costs of practice, and employee turnover. It is possible to successfully implement the GHRM practice in Bangladesh's RMG industry by implementing tight regulations and rules, supervision, training programs, incentives, and mandatory courses in the education system. The suggestion of this research paves the way for improved GHRM methods. The research outcomes would increase GHRM practice in the RMG sectors and may be utilized for innovative contributions to Bangladesh's RMG businesses.

Do primary HR functions model work in emerging economies? Sustainable compact perspective for Bangladeshi RMG industry

PurposeThe International Labour Organization’s (ILO) sustainable compact is evident for many labor-intensive industries in emerging economies. This study aims to develop a sustainable human resource (HR) practice model for a labor-intensive industry from the evidence of the Bangladeshi ready-made garments (RMG) sector.Design/methodology/approachThe study tests the factors identified from the literature for model validation. A total of 22 HR function items were used in a survey of 800 randomly selected respondents from the RMG sector in Bangladesh. The factor analysis (both exploratory and confirmatory) techniques were applied to explore and validate the model.FindingsThe study findings reveal that the factory management and policymakers should focus on sustainable HR practices for the betterment of a labor-intensive industry. In detail, the staffing function involves strategic HR planning, recruitment and selection and perfect employee placement; training and development functions entail proper organizational orientation, various training and development programs and employees’ career management and growth; the motivation function necessitates job design, fairness in the appraisal, practicing good organizational citizenship behavior with sound rewarding system and compensation packages; and finally, the maintenance function entails healthy and safe working environment, good communication and relationship management.Originality/valueThe study is original in developing a sustainable HR practice model with the alignment of ILO’s three inter-linked sustainability compact for a labor-intensive industry from an emerging economy perspective. The study’s outcomes will be a torchbearer for any labor-intensive industry’s sustainable HR practice from an emerging economy across the globe.

The linkage between corporate social responsibility and the main benefits obtained from the integration of multiple management systems in Bangladesh

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the perceived benefits offered by integrated management system (IMS) in the readymade garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh and the respective linkage with corporate social responsibility (CSR) to promote sustainable development. This study presents a list of IMS benefits composed of different international management standards according to ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, OSHAS 18001: 2007 and SA 8000:2014.Design/methodology/approachTo identify the possible benefits of IMS, a systematic literature review was conducted from 2009 to 2019, namely, in the database of Elsevier, Emerald and John Wiley. A questionnaire survey was developed with the purpose of examining the perceived main benefits of IMS. The questionnaire was e-mailed to 355 representatives of 15 RMG sectors in Bangladesh. A total of 256 complete and useable responses were received, constituting the base of this work. Subsequently, statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20 software.FindingsThe main findings of the present study show that the most important five benefits of IMS in RMG sector in Bangladesh are better capacity to achieve organization’s objectives, optimum use of various resources, business sustainability, synergies of different management policies and reduction of duplication efforts.Practical implicationsTwo major limitations of the study are as follows: first, it is not a longitudinal study; second, IMS benefits were examined in the national sector context. The present study has both theoretical and practical implications. The study presents a comprehensive list of IMS benefits that contribute to the existing literature from a theoretical point of view. On the other hand and from a practical point of view, this study encourages managers to implement IMS in their organizations.Originality/valueThis study helps in understanding the contribution of IMS benefits to cleaner production and CSR in Bangladesh. The focus on the benefits of IMS in the RMG sector in Bangladesh is another significant aspect of this study because it promotes the development of environmental policies linked to CSR with stakeholder engagement, as a driver to sustainable development.

Assessing measures implemented by export-oriented RMG firms in an emerging economy during COVID-19

Manufacturing firms that continued production activities during the COVID-19 have been taking necessary measures to cope with the risks imposed by the pandemic. This study assesses the measures implemented by the Ready-Made Garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. With the increase in COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh, following government order, along with firms in other manufacturing sectors, the RMG firms had to shut-down their production between March 26 and April 25, 2020. Soon after the factories reopened, they had to take necessary actions to ensure employee safety, supply of raw materials, and purchase orders from buyers. Using a semi-structured interview approach, we identify 16 measures that have been implemented in the RMG sector in Bangladesh for the employees, suppliers and buyers. Then, we assess the degree of implementation of these measures using the Bayesian Best-Worst method. We find that providing healthcare safety, bringing previously outsourced activities in-house, and ensuring smooth delivery of existing orders were the three most implemented measures for employees, suppliers and buyers, respectively. On a higher level, the RMG industry professionals prioritised buyer-related measures the most, followed by employee and supplier-related. The analysed measures provide a blueprint for supply chain risk management during future waves of COVID-19 transmission and for other potential large-scale natural disasters.

Consideration of workers’ opinion in the decision-making process in the RMG Sector: Evidence from Bangladesh

Abstract: Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between workers' perspectives on career development programs, remuneration packages, and their involvement in Readymade Garment (RMG) sector policymaking. Research methodology: Using a well-structured questionnaire, 226 people from a variety of industries were surveyed. Statistical software SPSS was used to examine the data and test the hypotheses that were put forth in the study. Using a conceptual framework, the study examines the relationship between the independent variables, such as the career development program and remuneration package, and the dependent variable, worker perception. Results: The findings of the study reveal that there is a significant positive relationship between workers’ opinions regarding career development programs and participation in the decision-making process. The study also identifies that there is a significant positive relationship between workers’ opinions regarding compensation packages as well as participation in the decision-making process of RMG sector in Bangladesh. In addition, workers’ participation has a significant impact on the decision-making process of the organization. Limitations: Two hundred and twenty-six samples from the primary source were used in this investigation. Having additional samples and secondary data would help researchers better understand the clothing industry as a whole. Contribution: The researchers believe that this study contributes to the current body of knowledge by underlining the importance of workers' opinions in the decision-making process in Bangladesh's RMG sector. Keywords: 1. Bangladesh 2. Decision making process 3. RMG sector 4. Workers’ opinion 5. Workers’ participation

Unboxing the Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector of Bangladesh

The ready-made garments (RMG) sector of Bangladesh has developed immensely under the broad radar of the export market, and its size is beyond imagination. Unfortunately, there has been no study that explores the whole universe of the RMG sector of Bangladesh rather the story of the RMG sector often involves the export market only. The discussion of this paper intends to explore the methodology of unboxing the whole universe of the RMG sector of Bangladesh that includes small and medium-sized manufacturing and processing units that are often involved with subcontracting for other factories (producing for the export market as well as domestic market), are suppliers of the domestic market, are producers of accessories, and are providing backward linkages and associated services. The discussion addresses that along with export-oriented RMG factories there exists an unexplored and unboxed universe of manufacturing and processing units associated with the RMG sector of Bangladesh that contributes to investment, employment, trade, export, and the economy as a whole, all of which remains unaccounted for.

Worker Satisfaction in Health, Hygiene and Safety Measures Undertaken by the Readymade Garments Industry of Bangladesh: A Case Study on Gazipur

Purpose: The main purpose of the study is to explore the effects of health, hygiene and safety measures on worker satisfaction in readymade garments sector in Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Methodology: Based on review of literatures and collection of 260 usable responses the study is conducted by partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method using Smart PLS 3.0. Findings: The findings of the study have revealed that health and hygiene measures significantly influence workers’ satisfaction towards readymade garments sector in Bangladesh. However, the study results show that safety measures insignificantly influence the workers" satisfaction towards garment Sector in Bangladesh. Practical implications: The study might be useful for garment industry operators in formulating strategies of improving health and Hygiene measures, and safety measures to improve workers' satisfaction in garment sector in Bangladesh. Originality: The study has uniquely presented a case comprising the factors helping devising a strategy for industry professionals through measuring the integrated effects of health, hygiene and safety measures on workers’ satisfaction of readymade garment sector in Bangladesh.