Reading Of Text Research Articles

Linguistically Diverse students’ Views on the Role of Prior Knowledge When Reading Texts in Civics Textbooks

Activation of prior knowledge is vital for reading comprehension. However, little is known about students’ perceptions of what prior knowledge they view as significant for improving their learning from textbook texts in civics. This study explores how Swedish ninth-grade students, aged 14–16, with diverse linguistic and educational backgrounds, engage with two grade-level civics textbook texts by drawing on their prior knowledge. A four-field model is used to closely study the possibilities with civics texts, focusing on students’ prior knowledge. Thematic content analysis of the students’ statements from two think-aloud sessions reveals the emergence of seven distinct categories of prior knowledge. For instance, parents’ narratives and teacher explanations are underlined as essential resources for students to enhance their comprehension of the content of civics texts, thereby supporting their civics learning. The findings suggest that challenges with civics texts may not be a result of a lack of prior knowledge but may rather be due to the limited opportunities the students receive to activate their prior knowledge when engaging with civics texts. The students report that they face challenges in activating their prior knowledge when they encounter language- and content-related difficulties with civics texts. This underscores the pivotal role of civics teachers in facilitating prior knowledge activation before, during, and after reading civics texts. The four-field model can be used as a tool for analyzing and understanding the intricacies of reading civics texts. Using the model could support civics teachers in designing instruction to minimize challenges and improve students’ learning in civics.

ORGANIZATION OF WORK ON PREPARATION FOR COMPOSITION TRAINING IN PRİMARY SCHOOL

The article examines the ways of preparing younger students to write compositions. For this reason, first of all, the importance to organize work on the systematic analysis of the structural and content features of the reading texts in the textbook is emphasized. It is noted that tasks aimed at understanding the concepts, such as ―text‖, ―idea of text‖, ―parts of text―, ―title‖, ―paragraph‖, ―plan‖, etc. introduce students to the structural features of the text, its composition and help to develop text construction skills.

Cultural Background and Reading Strategies: A Study Based on the Sociocultural and Constructive ESL Approach

This cross-sectional study aimed to establish the effect of cultural background on reading strategy and preference of learners of English Language from urban and rural origins. The purpose revolves around the need to discover more about how cultural factors interact with learners’ attitudes and what kind of reading in English, what type of material they prefer, and how their cultural background hinders them. This research is qualitative research and the participants were sampled purposively 10 of which five were selected from the urban areas while the other five were selected from the rural area. Data collection includes interviews with the participants and also, reading of texts in English, with special attention to how students approach the respective texts. The framework of the present study is drawn from sociocultural theory and constructivism which pays attention to the cultural and social aspects of learning. The research findings indicate that the nature of learning settings that learners are subjected to, as a result of the difference in accessibility to urban and rural environments, results in the development of different reading strategies and preferences. Urban learners use more comprehensive and interventionist approaches to reading and have a higher inclination towards E-learning resources, in contrast to the rural learners who have a more conventional approach towards their reading skills and believe in book reading but face difficulty regarding issues of resource scarcity and exposure to English. This is because the study holds several implications concerning the teaching of English in Institutions as well as the construction of its curriculum. It reveals the practical importance of possessing a set of culturally appropriate approaches for teaching multicultural students. Thus, urban learners’ integration of digital and textbook materials can further engagement, while rural learners need more scaffolding and access to textbooks and other types of materials. The implications of this study for future research are clear; more research needs to be earmarked for the development of reading strategies and syndromes; cross-sectional studies need to follow students for longer periods to observe the changes of the reading strategies; and comparative studies need to focus on cultural differences or, at least, use the existing data to investigate the effects of culture on reading strategies.

Do multisource data matter for NGP prediction? Evidence from the G-LSTM model

Precisely predicting natural gas prices (NGPs) is important because it can provide the necessary decision-making basis for energy scheduling, planning and control. However, NGPs are affected by many factors and exhibit the characteristics of nonlinearity and randomness, which makes accurate predictions challenging. Therefore, in this paper, the information gain of multisource data and the global optimization ability of the gray wolf algorithm are used to build a multifactor-driven NGP hybrid forecasting model to improve the prediction performance. First, the emotional tendency and readability of news text are extracted and calculated by using VADER and textstat tools, respectively. Then the network search index is filtered and integrated by using the correlation coefficient method and the CRITIC method to form alternative variables of multisource data (news and search index). Second, the gray wolf optimization algorithm is used to find and determine the best key parameter group in long short-term memory model. Finally, the spot price of natural gas in Henry Hub from March 1, 2012 to February 28, 2022 is selected as the prediction object, and multi-scenario numerical experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The ablation experiment results show that the information gain brought by multisource data can effectively improve the prediction effect of NGPs. Furthermore, the proposed model has the best prediction performance in different scenarios and can be regarded as a promising prediction tool.

Care for Language

Abstract This interview discusses how Bonnie Honig’s theorization of “the ordinary” has changed throughout her career, the importance of care for language in feminist thought, and Honig’s own practices of linguistic attention as an agonistic close reader of artistic and political texts alike.

Tales of (Under)Representation: Afro-Latinx in Spanish as a Heritage Language Textbooks

Abstract: The present study examines the lack of representation of minority communities in the existing literature by examining the representation of Afro-Latinxs in texts and visuals in seven Spanish as a Heritage Language (SHL) textbooks, and the ideologies behind these representations. Drawing upon Norman Fairclough's (1995) model for conducting Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen's (2001, 2006) grammar of visual design, this current study analyzes text (readings, descriptions, labels, among others) and visuals (people, pictures, buildings, artifacts, among others) in these textbooks. The findings suggest that Afro-Latinx are hardly represented in SHL textbooks. There were only 38 textual representations in the seven SHL textbooks examined and only 18 images clearly referencing Afro-Latinx. This underrepresentation is in line with the ideology of erasure. In addition, ideologies of collectivization and tourism discourse were found throughout the textbooks analyzed. The present study's findings confirm the invisibility of Afro-Latinx in educational discourse and emphasizes the need to examine representations in Spanish language textbooks and teaching materials.

EARLY LITERACY FOR YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULTS: EDUCATORS’ CONTINUING TRAINING

The present focus of my research, extension online courses for teaching early literacy is aimed at eradicating functional illiteracy in Brazil, to form critical readers of texts circulating socially, able of writing what is appropriate to their pragmatic intentions, in different communicative situations. The instrument to achieve this goal is Scliar Early Literacy System (SSA), which contains the proposal foundations, the methodology, the instructions for applying the Units in the classroom, the reading and writing books for both teachers and students and the students' respective activity notebooks. This research goal is the teachers’ continuous training for improving young people and adult education, adopting a cutting-edge methodology, inspired by linguistic, neuroscience, neuropsychology, psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic advances. In this paper, I will deal with how to reach a qualitative leap in early literacy among young people and adults, changing the foundations that guide the mediator’s training, the methodology and the pedagogical material, from a perspective associating human and biological sciences. We cannot separate culture from the biological, from the brain, whose structure and functioning make its emergence possible.

P‐37: Enhanced Text Display with Balanced Anti‐reflection and Anti‐glare Design

Influences of anti‐reflection (AR) and anti‐glare (AG) components on display performance were studied, especially for the scenario of indoor text reading. Both ambient influence and display clarity were analyzed in search of a cost‐effective combination of the two components. A design method based on human eye sensitivity curves was developed for the optimization of AG component.

Evaluating the accuracy and readability of ChatGPT in providing parental guidance for adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, and ventilation tube insertion surgery

ObjectivesThis study examined the potential of ChatGPT as an accurate and readable source of information for parents seeking guidance on adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, and ventilation tube insertion surgeries (ATVtis). MethodsChatGPT was tasked with identifying the top 15 most frequently asked questions by parents on internet search engines for each of the three specific surgical procedures. We removed repeated questions from the initial set of 45. Subsequently, we asked ChatGPT to generate answers to the remaining 33 questions. Seven highly experienced otolaryngologists individually assessed the accuracy of the responses using a four-level grading scale, from completely incorrect to comprehensive. The readability of responses was determined using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) scores. The questions were categorized into four groups: Diagnosis and Preparation Process, Surgical Information, Risks and Complications, and Postoperative Process. Responses were then compared based on accuracy grade, FRE, and FKGL scores. ResultsSeven evaluators each assessed 33 AI-generated responses, providing a total of 231 evaluations. Among the evaluated responses, 167 (72.3 %) were classified as ‘comprehensive.’ Sixty-two responses (26.8 %) were categorized as ‘correct but inadequate,’ and two responses (0.9 %) were assessed as ‘some correct, some incorrect.’ None of the responses were adjudged ‘completely incorrect’ by any assessors. The average FRE and FGKL scores were 57.15(±10.73) and 9.95(±1.91), respectively. Upon analyzing the responses from ChatGPT, 3 (9.1 %) were at or below the sixth-grade reading level recommended by the American Medical Association (AMA). No significant differences were found between the groups regarding readability and accuracy scores (p > 0.05). ConclusionsChatGPT can provide accurate answers to questions on various topics related to ATVtis. However, ChatGPT's answers may be too complex for some readers, as they are generally written at a high school level. This is above the sixth-grade reading level recommended for patient information by the AMA. According to our study, more than three-quarters of the AI-generated responses were at or above the 10th-grade reading level, raising concerns about the ChatGPT text's readability.

Evaluation of information accuracy and clarity: ChatGPT responses to the most frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation.

Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most prevalent sexual dysfunction in men, and like many diseases and conditions, patients use Internet sources like ChatGPT, which is a popular artificial intelligence-based language model, for queries about this andrological disorder. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality, readability, and understanding of texts produced by ChatGPT in response to frequently requested inquiries on PE. In this study we used Google Trends to identify the most frequently searched phrases related to PE. Subsequently, the discovered keywords were methodically entered into ChatGPT, and the resulting replies were assessed for quality using the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) program. The produced texts were assessed for readability using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), and DISCERN metrics. This investigation has identified substantial concerns about the quality of texts produced by ChatGPT, highlighting severe problems with reading and understanding. The mean EQIP score for the texts was determined to be 45.93 ± 4.34, while the FRES was 15.8 ± 8.73. Additionally, the FKGL score was computed to be 15.68 ± 1.67 and the DISCERN score was 38.1 ± 3.78. The comparatively low average EQIP and DISCERN scores suggest that improvements are required to increase the quality and dependability of the presented information. In addition, the FKGL scores indicate a significant degree of linguistic intricacy, requiring a level of knowledge comparable to about 14 to 15years of formal schooling in order to understand. The texts about treatment, which are the most frequently searched items, are more difficult to understand compared to other texts about other categories. The results of this research suggest that compared to texts on other topics the PE texts produced by ChatGPT exhibit a higher degree of complexity, which exceeds the recommended reading threshold for effective health communication. Currently, ChatGPT is cannot be considered a substitute for comprehensive medical consultations. This study is to our knowledge the first reported research investigating the quality and comprehensibility of information generated by ChatGPT in relation to frequently requested queries about PE. The main limitation is that the investigation included only the first 25 popular keywords in English. ChatGPT is incapable of replacing the need for thorough medical consultations.

Autobiographical Reflection of an English as a Second Language Teacher

English is vital in Ghana because it functions as the country's official language and arguably as the nation's lingua franca. It is also the primary language used for instruction and assessment at all levels of education. In this paper, I reflect on my over ten years of experience teaching English in Ghana. I highlight the marginalization of teachers in discussions about curriculum issues. Further, I present my teaching philosophy regarding reading and writing. I also discussed and reflected on my teaching practices in relation to the selection of texts for my reading and writing class. While discussing my role as a teacher, I also emphasized the role of students in the reading and writing class. This paper highlights the need for teachers to adopt learner-centred teaching approaches.

THE THEME OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR IN THE LINGUODIDACTIC DIMENSION

Over the past decade, the topic of war has been a key one in various scientific discourses. Linguistic studies are also increasingly focusing on it. But today, this topic is still poorly studied in linguodidactics, particularly in teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language (UFL). This confirms the significance of this paper. The article analyzes the training materials (texts and exercises) for teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language (UFL), which reveal the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war, starting from 2014 to the present day. Linguistic and cultural content of the new textbooks in UFL is considered. The focus is on the educational materials of the textbook “The Key to Ukraine: Cities and People” in two parts (B2–C1 levels) and the textbook “Catch Skovoroda” (B1–B2 levels). Both books were prepared by the authors of the International Institute for Education, Culture and Diaspora Relations of Lviv Polytechnic National University. These textbooks take into account the historical and political events taking place in Ukrainian society and influencing the development of the Ukrainian language, in particular its lexical system. The article analyzes texts for reading and listening, new military vocabulary given in them, pre- and post-text exercises and tasks aimed at developing communication skills. Studying these materials will help foreign speakers to master military neologisms faster, ensure understanding of the news content in Ukrainian media, promote pro-Ukrainian narratives, and allow them to communicate on this topic in various fields. In addition, the realization of the topic of the Russian-Ukrainian war in UFL textbooks will help foreigners to develop socio-cultural competence about Ukrainians in the most difficult period of their lives and will evoke a sense of empathy for the heroic Ukrainian people. Key words: Ukrainian as a foreign language, linguodidactics, foreign language audience, Russian-Ukrainian war, textbook “The Key to Ukraine: Cities and People”, textbook “Catch Skovoroda”.

SMOG (Simple Measure of Goobledygook) Readibility Index in Selecting Reading Materials and Reading Literacy Skills of Primary School Student

Reading materials for elementary school students generally do not have readability in accordance with the measurement results so that the literacy level of students is low, as shown by the survey results from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization which noted that the literacy level of Indonesian society was only 0.001 percent. Therefore, it is necessary to measure readability so that the material in books used in learning is in accordance with the age level of readers and can be understood by students. With these conditions, this study aims to overcome the problem of reading materials in elementary schools that are not in accordance with their readability so that they do not support efforts to develop reading literacy. Reading materials in elementary schools need to be measured through a readability measurement in order to know the suitability of readability with the age of the reader. One of the formulas that can be used to measure readability is the SMOG formula (Simple Measure of Goobledygook), this formula is simpler because it does not use graphs only considers the number of sentences and difficult words. This research uses quantitative methods in the process of measuring and collecting data. The research instruments used text readability measurement, text comprehension instrument questionnaire, literacy measurement and student reading habit questionnaire. Based on the results of the linear regression test, there is a relationship between the results of the readability measurement and the results of the student comprehension measurement of 0.688. The positive correlation shows that the higher the score value of the readability measurement results, the lower the students' understanding of the reading. The results show that reading books used in elementary schools have a high readability index value, so that it can reduce students' understanding of reading materials used in learning.

"فعّالية استخدام الطريقة الموجهة في تعليم مهارة القراءة في معهد "مفتاح العلوم الشرعية, جاندونج

In the thesis, the researcher is looking for teacing the skill of reading. Reading skill is the ability to recognize the contents of something written and understand it by reading it or digesting it by heart, but many of the students did not understand the contents of the reading text. This research is done through the students’ questionnaires when the teacher asks about the text that that they are reading. The purposes of this research are to find out the appropriate method for teacing reading skills at the “Miftahul Ulumi Syar’iyyah, Canduang”. The researcher used exsperimental research, and the same researcher worked at the “Miftahul Ulumi Syar’iyyah, Canduang meaning in chapter eigh 40 people, 220 in the exsperimental class and 20 in the control class. The result of the teaching a reading skill to students after using the directed method is the result. The mean for the post-test in the exsperimental semester is 75.5. the average result for the post-test in the control class is 65,5. The researcher found that the result of the calculation letter 2,001 and the result of the table 2,093. So the result of the calculation letter is smaller that the result of the table letter and the difference between them is 0,092. The researcher reached the conclusion that using the directed method is effective in teacing the reading skill and can improve the result of teaching reading to students in the eighth semester at the “Miftahul Ulumi Syar’iyyah, Canduang”.

Exploring the affordances of text and picture stories

ABSTRACT We often talk about our narrative experiences with others. For example, we might talk about the latest TV show or book in a series with friends. How does the media of a narrative (text, picture story) affect how we talk about it? Despite the fact that narratives can be experienced across different media, few studies have addressed the impacts of varied media. This study explored similarities and differences in how narratives are experienced across text and sequential picture stories. Picture and text versions were used for the same stories. Participants (n = 132) engaged in a think-aloud task at specific story units and provided ongoing think-aloud responses while reading or viewing. Natural language processing analyses were then conducted on the think-aloud responses. Results indicated that participants produced more words reflecting the internal states of characters and causality when reading than when viewing picture stories. Conversely, they produced more place words when viewing picture stories than reading text. Implications for theory and future directions are discussed.

Using Question Generation and Mind Mapping Strategy toward Students’ Reading of Descriptive Texts

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of a combination of question generation and mind mapping strategy toward reading comprehension of descriptive text. It was a quasi-experimental study at a private junior high school in Pontianak – Indonesia thatinvolved one control group and one experimental group. This applied cluster random to take the sample. The treatments were given four times. The data was collected through the reading comprehension test given to the control and experimental group. The data wereanalyzed with a t-test. It was to analyze the significance of the treatment. The research result showed that the t value isbigger than the ttable or t value > ttable. In short, the t value was 6.214 whilethe ttable was 1.9983, that the t value was biggerthan the ttable (6.214 > 1.9983) and the value of effect size was 1.49 meaning the combination between question generation and mind mapping strategy affected reading comprehension of descriptive text very strongly. Therefore, the combination of those strategies can be used to teach reading comprehension.

THE ENGLISH LITERACY PRACTICE, WORLD KNOWLEDGE PROFICIENCY, AND TEXT SKIMMING OF TENTH GRADES

Literacy is vital in understanding pupils' knowledge of learning content. However, learners have encountered several learning challenges, including vocabulary mastering and reading comprehension. The purpose of this study was to see if there was a link between students' literacy practice, world knowledge proficiency, and text skimming in senior high school. This study's data was analyzed using quantitative methodologies and a correlation design. There were 141 tenth grade students from SMAN 4 Kota Kediri who took part. They completed the vocabulary and reading comprehension tests by multiple-choice questions and items for the reading habits questionnaire. The researcher utilized Pearson Product Moment Coefficient and using SPSS ver 26.0 for Windows to assess the correlation. Following data analysis, it was discovered that all variables have a significant (sig.) value of 0.00. while coefficient The correlation between reading literacy and vocabulary mastery was 0.504, whereas the correlation between reading literacy and text skimming was 0.257 and the correlation between vocabulary mastery and text skimming was 0.441. Based on the above results, there was a substantial connection between all variables, therefore Ho is rejected but Ha should be approved. When pupils have a high degree of reading literacy, it can be argued that they have a greater skill in vocabulary mastery and text skimming. The higher the degree of students' reading literacy and vocabulary knowledge, the better the students' reading comprehension ability.

Measuring Phonological Complexity Using the Perfect Rhymes Dictionary (PeRDict)

This paper examines links between perfect rhymes and text readability and decoding using a measure of English rhymes called the Perfect Rhymes Dictionary (PeRDict). PeRDict is based on the Carnegie Mellon University Pronouncing Dictionary (the CMUdict) and provides rhyme counts for ∼48,000 words in English and for the most frequent 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 rhymes within the dictionary as measured by the Corpus of American English (COCA). Two assessments of PeRDICT are presented. The first examines the strength of rhyme features to predict text readability in conjunction with word neighborhood density effects reported by the English Lexicon Project (ELP) and a word frequency measure. The second examines the strength of rhyme features to predict word decoding in conjunction with word neighborhood effects and a word frequency measure. In both assessments, the number of rhymes per word was predictive of text or word processing beyond features related to word neighborhood effects and word frequency. Word rhyme counts performed more strongly in predicting text processing versus word processing.

El partido de la incertidumbre y las células combatientes: tonos y políticas del ensayo en la crítica latinoamericana

This article tries to define some tendencies of use and conceptualization of the essay in Latin-American literary criticism, more specifically in the intercession between Argentina and Brazil. Through the reading of some seminal texts on the essay as a genre and some Latin-American texts published on the last two decades, we argue that there is an “uncertainty party” that insists on the indetermination as a defining feature of the essay form. We argue, however, that an unlimited potentiality of the essay, when institutionalized, can lead to a loss of political potential for this form. Therefore, we will try to point to some possible relations between essay and politics that reappear even in those discourses that try to push away the essay form from the political dispute.

Inferential Reading of Texts in English in Spanish-Speaking Students

Inferential Reading of Texts in English in Spanish-Speaking Students